REPORT 


OF    THE 


PSYCHOPATHIC 
LABORATORY 


OF    THE 


MUNICIPAL  COURT 

OF  CHICAGO 


FOR     THE     YEARS 


May  1,  1914,  to  April  30,  1917 


Report 


of  the 


Psychopathic  Laboratory 


of  the 


Municipal  Court  of  Chicago 


F  0 II  T II  /•;  )  /•;  1  //  .s 
May    i,    191^,    io   April   30,    1917 


Fred  Klein  Co..  Printers.  Chicago. 


INDEX 


Judiciary    5 

Preface    '. " 

Introduction    17 

Psychopathology    28 

The  Boys  Court 49 

The  Morals  Court 92 

Domestic  Relations  Branch 107 

Bastardy  Cases 126 

Outsyde  Crinn'nal  Branches 132 

Conclusion    149 

Appendix    170 

Performance  Tests   174 

Case  and  Familv  Histories 367 


JUDICIARY 

CHIEF  JUSTICE HARRY  OLSON 

ASSOCIATE  JUDGES: 

Terms  Expires  1918. 

BARASA,   BERNARD  P.  LA  BUY,  JOSEPH  S. 

COURTNEY,  JOHN  MAHONEY,    JOHN    A. 

FISHER,    HARRY    M.  PRINDIVILLE,  JOHN   K. 

GEMMILL,  WM.  N.  RAFFERTY,  JOSEPH  P. 

KEARNS,  HUGH  J.  WADE,  EDWARD  T. 

Terms  Expires  1920 

DONAHOE,  JAMES  JARECKI,    EDMUND   K. 

DOYLE,  LEO  J.  STELK,  JOHN 

FRY,   SHERIDAN   E.  SULLIVAN,  DENNIS  W. 

GOODNOW,    CHAS.    N.  TRUDE,    SAMUEL    H. 
GRAHAM,    FRANK   H. 

Terms  Expires  1922 

CAVERLY,  JOHN  R.  NEWCOMER,  JOHN  R. 

COOK,    WELLS    M.  RICHARDSON,    JOHN 

DOLAN,  HARRY   P.  STEWART,   HUGH    R. 

HAAS,  JOHN  F.  SWANSON,  JOHN   A. 

HAYES,  HOWARD  WELLS.   HOSEA   W. 


EXECUTIVE  STAFF 

FRANK   P.  DANISCH Clerk 

ANTON   J.   CERMAK Bailiff 

PSYCHOPATHIC  LABORATORY 

DR.    WM.   J.    HICKSON Director 


HARRY  OLSON 

CHIEF  JUSTICE 
Municipal  Court  ol"   Chicago 


PREFACE. 

A  large  amount  of  space  was  given  in  the  "Tenth  and  Eleventh  An- 
nual Reports"  of  the  :Municipal  Court  to  the  results  disclosed  by  the 
Psychopathic  Laboratory,  because  its  conclusions  are  based  upon  the  most 
extensive  as  well  as  intensive  study  of  criminals  in  this  country,  and  it 
v.-as  important  that  these  facts  should  be  laid  ])efore  the  medical  and 
legal  professions  and  the  public.  The  demand  for  this  part  of  the  report 
from  the  legal  and  medical  professions,  from  penologists,  from  social 
workers,  and  from  students  of  criminolog}-  has  been  so  great  that  it  is 
here  reprinted  with  the  addition  of  more  than  a  hundred  pages  of  per- 
formance tests  besides  those  included  in  the  annual  report.  These  tests 
ilKiminatc  the  findings  of  the  Laboratory. 

The  facts  contained  in  the  report  are  gathered  as  an  incident  to 
the  annual  outlay  of  nearly  $6,000,000.00  for  the  police  department  and 
nearly  $1,000,000.00  a  year  court  expenditures  in  a  city  of  tw^o  and 
one-half  million  people.  They  are  expensive  facts,  therefore,  that  can 
nowhere  else  be  gathered  together  with  the  same  facility.  The  five 
thousand  policemen  of  the  city  act  as  agents  in  bringing  material  to 
the  laboratory.    No  medical  school  has  or  could  afford  such  a  clinic. 

Then,  too,  the  conclusions  of  the  report  are  important  to  the 
country  at  this  time,  when  war  is  bringing  together  the  youth  of  the 
land  in  cantonments  and  naval  stations,  where  they  are  being  fitted 
for  duties  preparatory  to  the  winning  of  the  war.  While  the  psycho- 
pathic material  thus  brought  together  will  be  a  very  small  percentage 
of  the  whole,  yet  this  small  percentage  will  make  trouble  for  their 
superiors  and  do  damage  to  their  associates  and  the  cause  for  which 
we  are  fighting  altogether  out  of  proportion  to  their  numbers.  The 
physicians  in  military  service  will  learn  of  conditions  of  mental 
deficiency  among  the  general  population  in  certain  localities,  the 
extent  of  which  has  not  been  heretofore  suspected.  The  United  States 
Government,  in  the  interests  of  efficiency  and  economy,  is  taking  steps 
to  examine  mentally  all  suspected  material  for  the  Army  and  Navy. 
It  is  hoped  this  report  will  be  of  interest  and  help  to  the  government, 
both  in  making  selections  for  service  and  in  administering  the  military 
law. 

In  the  "Third  Annual  Report"  of  this  Court  a  plan  for  recording 
data  concerning  criminals  was  outlined  as  a  result  of  a  report  of  Com- 
mittee A  of  the  American  Institute  of  Criminal  Law  and  Criminology. 
By  comparing  that  report  with  the  results  shown  in  this  it  will  be  seen 

—  7  — 


how  aotiial  l:il)(irat<>n  Iiiii1iiik>  and  experience  on  actual  nialerial  have 
turned  out  to  he  so  widely  dilTerent  from  the  a  priori  ideas  and  specula- 
tions which  were  the  hasis  of  this  earlier  report. 

The  role  the  mental  defective  plays  in  crime  is  fully  indicated 
by  this  report.  It  cr)vcrs  three  years  and  4,447  cases,  possibly  excell- 
ing in  breadth  anfl  variety  of  material  any  examination  of  this  sort 
ever  made. 

It  leads,  in  its  C(jnclusions,  to  steps  of  an  immediate  nature,  calcu- 
lated to  alTurd  a  real  advance  in  criminal  law  as  a  pragmatic  science 
within  a  few  years,  and  to  ultimate  steps  of  a  far-reaching  social 
importance. 

The  heart  of  the  report  is  found,  of  course,  in  the  data  afiforded 
by  intensive  study  of  so  many  cases,  arranged  and  classified  so  as  to 
yield  the  greatest  amount  of  information.  It  will  be  seen,  on  study, 
that  the  data  support  each  other  in  various  ways.  Just  so  it  should 
be  said  that  the  prognoses  of  the  laboratory  are  being  daily  confirmed 
by  the  conduct  of  the  "cases"  examined  in  it. 

Just  one  example  of  this :  On  February  8,  1918,  one  Lindrum 
was  hanged  in  the  Cook  County  jail  for  having  committed  an  atrocious 
murder.  Not  long  after  it  was  discovered  that  the  laboratory  had  a 
record  of  this  criminal.  Two  years  previously  he  had  been  in  court 
for  a  lesser  crime,  and  had  been  examined  in  the  laboratory  and  found 
to  be  of  the  type  that  has  proved  most  dangerous,  dementia  praecox 
grafted  on  intelligence  defect, — pfropfhebephrenia.  This  is  the  type 
which  is  unsafe  at  large.  If  there  had  been  a  "retreat"  to  which  Lindrum 
could  have  been  committed  on  indeterminate  sentence,  he  would  now  be 
there  engaged  in  some  form  of  useful  labor,  his  victim  would  be  alive, 
and  the  community  would  have  been  spared  one  of  its  shocking  and  re- 
volting incidents. 

With  the  knowledge  now  available  we  cannot  much  longer  persist 
in  the  traditional  handling  of  these  cases.  We  do  not  know  how  many 
others  like  Lindrum  are  at  large,  who  have  been  tested  and  found 
potentially  dangerous,  and  who  will  later  confirm  the  diagnosis  by 
some  hideous  crime.  But  until  we  have  provided  the  proper  farm 
colony  for  their  detention  there  can  be  no  safety.  We  do  know  that 
there  are  hundreds  of  like  type  at  large  or  in  penal  institutions  from 
which  they  will  sooner  or  later  emerge  to  renew  their  depredations. 
The  existing  system  is  neither  fair  to  the  public  nor  to  the  defectives. 
Fortunately,  the  need  for  the  farm  colony,  projected  since  the  first 
year  of  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory,  is  so  generally  appreciated  that 
it  seems  probable  that  the  deficiency  will  be  supplied  before  long. 


An  element  of  weakness  in  our  criminal  law  administration  lies  in 
the  lack  of  organization  of  our  courts.  As  shown  in  the  report,  the 
Juvenile  Court  cases,  perhaps  the  most  important  of  all,  are  not  corre- 
lated with  those  of  the  criminal  branches  of  the  Municipal  Court,  and 
the  Criminal  Court  cases  represent  another  extraneous  group.  One 
of  the  things  insistently  required  before  Chicago  can  consider  that  it 
is  in  a  fair  way  to  grapple  with  its  crime  situation  is  the  unification  of 
its  various  courts  into  a  single  system,  with  complete  correlation  of 
all  the  criminal  branches.  Then,  and  only  then,  will  the  laboratory  be 
able  to  render  its  fullest  measure  of  service. 

The  report  of  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory  covers  the  first  three 
years  of  its  work,  from  May  1,  1914,  to  April  30,  1917.  The  data 
embrace  those  submitted  in  the  report  appearing  in  the  "Eighth  and 
Ninth  Annual  Reports"  of  the  ^Municipal  Court,  which  were  in  some 
respects  incomplete  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  director  was  called  out 
at  that  time  with  the  Illinois  National  Guard  troops  sent  to  the  Mexican 
border. 

The  first  classification  of  data  has  been  with  respect  to  the  various 
classified  branch  c'ourts  from  which  cases  have  been  received  for 
examination.  The  total  number  of  cases  reported  on  in  the  three-year 
period  is  4,447,  divided  among  the  branch  courts  as  follows:  Boys 
Court,  2,025 ;  Domestic  Relations  Court  (in  which  bastardy  cases 
appear),  1,236;  Morals  Court,  947;  police  court  or  outside  branches,  329. 

The  modern  science  of  psychiatry  and  psychopathology  has  from 
the  beginning  found  much  of  its  material  among  delinquents,  but  the 
clinics  have  usually  been  mixed  clinics.  Until  this  laboratory  was 
established  the  direct  and  intensive  study  of  delinquents  had  been 
limited  to  narrow  lines  and  special  classes,  such  as  juveniles.  It  may 
be  said  that  this  laboratory  represented  the  first  attempt  to  study 
crime  and  criminals  intensively  on  the  broadest  possible  scale,  for  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago  embraces  every  kind 
of  ofifense  and  ofifender  except  juveniles  under  17  years  of  age. 

While  the  court  has  no  jurisdiction  to  finally  dispose  of  crimes 
of  the  grade  of  felony,  which  are  determined  in  the  Criminal  Court  of 
Cook  County,  yet  most  of  these  cases  first  appear  in  the  Municipal 
Court  branches  for  preliminary  examination.  The  result  is  that  our 
field  affords  ample  material  for  the  study  of  the  more  serious  offenders, 
those  who  have  committed  homicide,  robbery,  rape  and  other  felonies. 

Not  only  is  the  laboratory  aft'orded  full  scope  in  the  delinquency 
field,  but  it  draws  its  materials  from  the  widest  possible  sources,  since 
Chicago  has  a  population  of  about  2,500,000,  and  enjoys  the  unenviable 


rrputation  of  liarhoriii^'  many  criminals  who  drift  into  the  city  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  because  of  supposed  opportunities  existing 
here  or  because  of  the  increased  difficulty  of  detection. 

At  the  outset  there  was  considerable  embarrassment  due  to  the 
fact  that  a  Hood  of  cases  were  turned  in  before  a  laboratory  staff  could 
be  or^ani/cd  and  trained  properly,  and  yet  at  the  end  of  six  weeks  a 
preliminary  report  was  made  which  was  accorded  most  serious  con- 
sideration. The  need  of  subjective  study  of  the  criminal  had  been 
understood  for  some  time  in  this  court,  and  for  a  year  or  two  previous 
to  the  opening  of  the  laboratory  the  work  necessary  to  its  establish- 
ment was  carried  on.  While  its  institution  was  sanctioned  by  all  of 
the  judges  of  the  court,  there  was  yet  a  reasonable  mental  reservation 
on  the  part  of  the  judges,  as  well  as  a  natural  inability  to  grasp  the 
tremendous  significance  of  the  new  undertaking.  Since  then,  step  by 
step,  a  true  understanding  of  the  relation  of  the  laboratory  to  the 
court  and  to  the  tremendous  problems  of  administering  criminal  jus- 
tice in  a  modern  metropolis  has  been  advanced.  Skepticism  within  the 
court  has  long  since  disappeared. 

Outside  the  court,  in  professional  circles  and  in  the  press,  a  solid 
wall  of  skepticism  existed  three  years  ago.  The  public  had  a  whole- 
some and  unavoidable  fear  of  fads  and  theories,  and  the  typical 
.•\nglo-Saxon  distrust  of  the  expert  was  prevalent  here  as  everywhere 
throughout  the  country.  In  some  quarters  there  was  even  pronounced 
antagonism.  Existing  theories  of  crime  and  its  prevention  were  felt 
to  be  assailed  by  the  new  study,  however  empiric  and  pragmatic  it 
professed  to  be. 

But  since  then  the  gradual  spread  of  enlightenment  and  apprecia- 
tion of  the  laboratory's  need  and  scientific  methods  of  work,  together 
with  a  constantly  increasing  volume  of  facts  confirming  its  findings 
which  could  be  grasped  by  the  uninitiated  even,  has  served  to  alter  the 
situation,  so  that  now  it  is  not  too  much  to  claim  that  the  solid  wall 
of  skepticism  and  prejudice  has  all  but  disappeared. 

The  subjects  for  examination  are  sent  to  the  laboratory  by  the 
judges  of  the  various  criminal  branches.  While  some  of  these  cases 
are  so  outspoken  as  to  declare  themselves  virtually  at  first  sight  to  the 
expert,  yet  in  every  case,  for  statistical  and  research  purposes,  as  well 
as  for  thoroughness,  the  complete  examination  was  made.  The  exam- 
ination involves  intensive  individual  criminalistic,  psychiatric,  psycho- 
logic, neurologic,  heriditary,  anthropometric  and  sociologic  study. 
While  the  heart  of  the  inquiry  is  subjective  study  of  the  individual,  it 


—  10  — 


is  supplemented  with  consideration  of  all  that  can  be  revealed  by 
extrinsic  facts  of  environment  and  heredity. 

In  every  case  a  written  record  is  preserved,  signed  by  the  director, 
available  at  all  future  times.  These  individual  records  imply  full 
responsibility  on  the  part  of  the  laboratory  for  every  finding  noted. 

The  medical  examinations  are  both  clinical  and  laboratory,  accord- 
ing to  the  needs  of  the  individual  case.  The  mental  tests  used  ordi- 
narily, in  addition  to  the  general  tests  familiar  to  the  science  of 
medicine,  are  those  developed  and  used  in  psychiatric  clinics  at  Zurich, 
Giessen,  Berlin,  Munich  and  other  European  centers.  In  addition  to 
these  we  employ  the  Binet-Simon  Rossolimo  psychological  profile 
method ;  the  graduated  free  and  controlled  association  tests ;  and  the 
A-S  tests  (Analysis-Synthesis  series,  such  as  the  similarity  tests). 

All  of  the  foregoing  are  evaluated  both  quantitatively  and  quali- 
tatively. We  also  have  more  or  less  recourse  to  the  De  Sanctis  and 
other  tests,  some  of  which,  while  not  standardized  absolutely,  yet 
allow  of  relative  standardization  and  qualitative  application. 

There  is,  finally,  the  "world  test,"  which  we  try  to  evaluate  in  all 
our  cases.  This  is  the  most  crucial  of  all  tests.  It  consists  of  the 
evaluation  of  the  reactions  of  the  cases  to  their  environment,  a  check- 
ing up  of  their  capability  of  adjustment,  their  failures  and  successes  at 
home,  in  school  and  at  work. 

The  world  test  is  best  appreciated  when  we  follow  the  reactions 
of  the  individual  to  his  environment  from  earliest  childhood.  Infancy, 
childhood  and  school  records  should  be  carefully  preserved,  and  espe- 
cially Juvenile  Court  records,  which  are  invaluable,  showing  as  they 
do  the  fact  that  the  individual  has  at  a  tender  age  come  into  conflict 
with  his  environment  to  such  degree  as  to  become  amenable  to  the  law. 

It  must  be  remembered  in  this  connection  that  environment  is, 
speaking  broadly,  man-made ;  it  is  made  by  dominants  for  dominants ; 
it  is  a  social  and  legal  adjustment  for  normal  or  well-balanced 
individuals. 

Juvenile  Court  records  should  not  be  destroyed  on  the  sentimental 
ground  that  they  may  be  used  against  the  boy  or  girl  who  become 
delinquent  at  a  later  age.  The  attitude  which  prompts  this  course 
grows  out  of  the  state  of  mind  which  harbors  such  posse  ideas  as  posi- 
tive depravity.  We  should,  on  the  contrary,  realize  that  we  have  to 
deal  with  weaker  brothers  and  sisters,  who  should  never  be  approached 
with  the  idea  that  they  are  deliberate  criminals.  They  should  rather 
be  recognized  as  needing  our  best  assistance  and  care,  and  to  this  end 
the  records  of  their  early  conflicts  in  their  passive  years  are  invaluable. 


11 


Of  course,  such  records  slmuM  l.c  uvailable  only  to  properly  author- 
ized i)crsons. 

lu  tills  world  system,  created  and  existing  for  the  adjustment  of 
normal  persons,  the  misfits  come  into  conflict  with  the  law  to  such  a 
considerable  degree  that  psychopathology  naturally  finds  its  greatest 
field  for  study  among  those  made  amenable  to  the  corrective  agencies 
of  the  law.  A  study  of  crime  w^ithout  psychopathology  is  now  unthink- 
able. A  study  of  psychopathology  without  access  to  the  material 
abounding  in  the  courts  and  reformatories  is  sadly  restricted.  But 
even  in  this  laboratory  there  has  appeared  a  broadening  of  scope 
unavoidably  since  the  findings  throw  so  much  light  on  judicial  pro- 
cesses not  strictly  criminal. 

In'  the  civil  branches  both  litigants  and  witnesses  often  display 
psychoses.  The  type  of  paranoid  litigants,  once  known  as  merely 
"cranks"  or  "litigious,"  are  found  to  be  identical  with  the  dementia 
priccox  paranoides  querulans  type.  Some  of  these  unfortunates  waste  all 
their  substance  in  fighting  imaginary  enemies  in  the  civil  courts.  One 
specimen  we  were  called  upon  to  observe  had  begun,  at  various  times, 
forty-five  actions  against  various  persons. 

Lawyers  who  have  become  informed  on  the  subject  are  recog- 
nizing certain  of  their  clients  as  belonging  to  this  standard  type. 
Judges  are  becoming  so  versed  as  to  apply  their  knowledge  gained  in 
the  criminal  branches  usefully  in  the  civil  branches. 

Witnesses  also  frequently  display  psychoses,  and  in  a  growing 
number  of  cases  the  director  has  been  called  upon  to  assist  in  throw- 
ing light  upon  these  cases. 

Throughout  the  vast  machinery  of  charities  built  up  in  recent 
years  the  knowledge  derived  originally  from  the  study  of  delinquents, 
and  recorded  in  the  laboratory,  is  being  applied  to  the  problems  of 
dependency,  so  closely  related  to  delinquency.  It  is  seen  where  there 
has  been  great  squandering  of  money  and  of  energy  for  lack  of  under- 
standing of  the  basic  facts  of  the  problem.  In  the  still  wider  circle 
of  industrial  life  the  influence  of  the  new  body  of  facts  is  being  appre- 
ciated. More  and  more  is  inefficiency  and  carelessness  traced  to 
fundamental  mental  defectiveness.  The  laboratory  records  supple- 
ment and  explain  many  an  inquiry  into  accidents  ordinarily  attributed 
"merely  to  carelessness  or  bone-headedness." 

One  of  the  most  important  misconceptions  of  the  laboratory's 
function  and  purpose  deserves  to  be  mentioned  at  this  point.  It  has 
been  frequently  charged  by  certain  persons,  and  especially  by  those 
interested  in  prosecution  as  their  single  angle  of  the  crime  problem, 


—  12 


that  the  laboratory  is  calculated  to  embarrass  prosecution  and  to 
reduce  punishment.  Being  interested  in  securing  as  high  a  percentage 
of  convictions  and  commitments  as  possible,  regardless  of  the  larger 
aspects  of  the  criminological  problem,  they  have  been  inclined  to  feel 
hostile  toward  the  laboratory  idea.  When  accused  themselves  of  lack 
of  success  in  preventing  crime,  they  endeavor  to  throw  blame  on  the 
laboratory,  charging  that  its  findings  result  in  mitigation  of  punish- 
ment, and  consequently  in  increased  recidivism.  They  also  blame  the 
probation  and  parole  system  in  like  manner. 

The  fact  is  that  the  law  has  provided  a  number  of  alternatives  in 
the  form  of  punishment  or  restraint.  The  judge  is  able  ordinarily  to 
suspend  sentence,  to  place  on  probation,  or  to  sentence  for  variable 
terms  to  a  variety  of  institutions,  each  calculated  to  meet  the  need  of 
particular  classes  of  delinquents. 

The  judge  must  make  the  decision  as  to  the  precise  form  of  sen- 
tence. In  making  this  choice  his  highest  consideration  must,  of  course, 
be  the  interest  of  society  as  a  whole.  He  must  endeavor  to  select  that 
form  of  sentence  which  will  most  surely  prevent  a  repetition  of 
offenses  on  the  part  of  the  convicted  delinquent.  But  to  make  that 
choice  he  must  know  what  kind  of  an  individual  he  has  to  deal  with, 
as  different  types  react  differently  to  the  various  forms  of  punishment 
and  restraint.  What  would  eminently  suit  the  case  of  delinquent  A 
might  prove  entirely  wrong  as  treatment  for  B. 

Right  here  is  where  psychopathology  comes  to  the  assistance  of 
the  court.  The  precise  type  of  psychosis  is  exceedingly  important  in 
the  case  of  every  deficient  prisoner.  And  it  should  be  noted  that  there 
is  no  personal  interest  on  the  part  of  the  delinquent  which  is  opposed 
to  the  public  interest.  The  judge  does  not  have  to  choose  between 
duty  and  sympathy.  That  decision  which  best  serves  the  public  wel- 
fare invariably  is  best  for  the  individual  delinquent.  It  is  not  merciful 
to  release  a  delinquent  who  stands  no  chance  to  wage  a  successful 
battle,  for  he  is  certain  to  get  into  the  toils  of  the  law  again  in  a  short 
time.  The  only  consideration  is  as  to  the  kind  of  sentence  which  will 
best  avail  to  keep  him  out  of  trouble,  whether  it  be  probation,  with 
effective  aid  from  competent  friends  and  relatives,  or  incarceration  in 
an  institution  selected  to  meet  his  individual  requirements. 

The  great  object  is  to  protect  both  society  and  the  delinquent 
from  a  subsequent  offense.  Their  interests  here  are  identical.  Prop- 
erly understood,  the  elements  of  mercy  and  sympathy,  as  elements 
opposed  to  stern  justice,  do  not  exist.  The  great  purpose  of  psycho- 
pathology  in  court  is  to  prevent  a  repetition  of  offenses.    It  is  a  scien- 

—  13  — 


„lu-  rather  tluiu  a  Ic^al  ciucstion.  When  (;ur  system  has  been  per- 
fected as  discussed  in  the  part  of  the  report  entitled  "Conclusion,  the 
laboratory  will  be  able  to  grapple  with  crime  at  its  inception,  when  the 
first  offense  is  committed,  and  so  far  as  it  succeeds  in  its  objects  there 
will  be  no  subsequent  offense.  But  in  that  good  time  there  will  be 
institutions  for  the  care  of  defective  delinquents  which  do'not  now  exist. 

The  present  great  difficulty  is  that  we  lack  the  institution  clearly 
indicated  for  the  purpose.  We  call  it  a  farm  colony  because  it  must 
be  located  awav  from  the  manifold  distractions  of  the  city.  It  must 
be  essentially  a  retreat  with  its  own  artificial  environment  adjusted  to 
the  needs  of  those  who  cannot  endure  the  harsh  competition  of  our 
modern  industrial  world.  In  such  an  industrial  community  the  defec- 
tive delinquent  can  live  an  orderly  and  useful  life,  contributing  his 
(juota  to  the  public's  total  of  production  and  free  from  the  strain  w^hich 
necessarily  and  properly  exists  in  an  environment  created  for  persons 
of  normal  strength  and  capacity. 

The  lack  of  such  retreats  at  this  time  makes  the  problem  of  select- 
ing the  right  sentence  for  the  individual  case  practically  impossible,  so 
that  the  judge  too  frequently  is  obliged  to  choose  between  an  uncon- 
scionable commitment  and  a  risky  probation.  Fortunately,  one  of  the 
most  promising  results  of  our  progress  to  date  is  the  general  accept- 
ance of  the  idea  of  the  farm  colony,  and  it  is  probable  that  this  great 
gap  in  our  system  will  be  filled  before  long. 

The  foregoing  explanation  shows  how  far  we  have  moved  from 
the  earlier  conception  of  abnormal  psychology  as  an  aid  to  the  court 
in  determining  "criminal  intent."  Insistence  upon  this  purely  meta- 
physical element  of  criminal  law — intent — has  tended  to  blind  agents 
of  justice  to  all  concrete  results.  The  lack  of  criminal  statistics  before 
such  courts  as  the  Municipal  Court  Avere  created  largely  contributed 
to  the  fog  W'hich  clouded  the  whole  issue. 

Of  course,  we  have  been  embarked  for  a  considerable  time  on  the 
project  of  reforming  the  criminal.  The  practical  failure  of  all  attempts 
at  reformation  in  a  large  proportion  of  cases  is  fully  accounted  for 
now  that  we  know  that  a  large  proportion  of  all  inmates  of  penal  insti- 
tutions are  defective  mentally.  There  will  always  be  a  large  propor- 
tion of  delinquents  who  cannot  be  reformed  in  any  positive  meaning 
of  the  word.  .And  those  who  cannot  be  reformed  must  be  restrained; 
this  restraint  must  be  in  industrial  and  agricultural  colonies,  as  out- 
lined in  the  "Conclusion"  of  the  laboratory  report;  it  must  continue  for 
such  time  as  may  appear  necessary  to  qualified  psychopathologists  in 
each  individual  case. 


—  14  — 


The  traditional  method  of  handling  a  defective  as  though  he  were  a 
normal  person  is  well  illustrated  in  a  case  coming  from  one  of  the  outside 
branch  courts  mentioned  in  this  report : 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  pnecox  hebeplirenia  plus  drug  addict  (morphinist  and 
cocainist)  ;  has  had  eighteen  arrests  that  have  been  checked  up,  seven  for  burglary, 
eight  for  larceny,  two  for  picking  pockets,  one  for  disorderly  conduct;  has  served 
two  terms  in  Pontiac  Reformatory,  once  for  five  years;  was  committed  twice  to 
Chester  Criminal  Insane  Asylum  on  burglary  charges;  spent  three  years  in  Missis- 
sippi Penitentiary,  three  in  Wisconsin  Penitentiary,  two  in  Tennessee  Penitentiary, 
one  year  in  House  of  Correction,  six  months  in  Cook  County  Jail ;  as  a  boy  charged 
with  disorderly  conduct,  committed  to  Ontario  Reform  School  for  six  months; 
spent  eighteen  months  in  insane  asylum  in  Kentucky,  two  years  in  the  insane  asylum 
in  Fulton,  was  also  in  insane  asyhnns  at  Dunning  and  at  Elgin.  Committed  by  us 
to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Fred  Raskins  of  \Vashingt(jn,  D.  C,  in  writing  of  the  method  of 
handling  this  man,  called  it  "the  shame  of  the  law." 

In  the  largest  aspect  the  laboratory  idea  marks  a  turning  from  the 
traditional  policy  of  society  of  treating  delinquents  as  units  of  a  single 
large  class,  by  automatic  methods,  without  consideration  of  the 
various  individual  characteristics  which  distinguish  them,  and  are 
now  seen  to  divide  them  into  a  number  of  sharply  dififerentiated 
classes,  each  with  its  separate  proclivities,  potentialities,  and  prog- 
nostic characteristics.  It  is  a  turning  from  the  objective  view  of  crime 
to  the  subjective  view.  It  makes  a  diagnosis  the  great  element  in  the 
scheme  for  reform  or  restraint.  For  the  first  time  the  law  has  per- 
mitted science  to  assist. 


15 


Dr.  \\M.  J.  HICKSOX 

Director 
Psychopathic  Laboratory 


REPORT  OF  THE  PSYCHOPATHIC  LABORATORY 
OF  THE  MUNICIPAL  COURT  OF  CHICAGO 

May  1,  1914,  to  April  30,  1917. 

Dr.  Wm.  J.  HiCKSON,  Director. 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Judges  of  the  Municipal  Court 

of  Chicago. 

Honorable  Sirs — The  following  report  of  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory  of  the 
Court,  with  the  exception  of  the  additional  statistics,  is  presented  substantially  as  it 
was  prepared  for  the  previous,  the  combined  eighth  and  ninth,  annual  reports  of 
the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago,  it  being  then  in  the  closing-up  process  when  the 
Director  of  the  Laboratory  was  abruptly  called  out  with  the  troops,  and  as  the 
court  report  had  to  go  to  press,  in  the  emergency,  a  portion  of  the  material  and 
statistics  were  substituted  in  his  absence.  We  now  submit  the  combined  statistics 
of  cases  examined,  thus  bringing  the  report  of  the  laboratory  up  to  April  30,  1917, 
which  covers  the  first  three  years  of  its  work,  and  embraces  intensive  individual, 
criminalistic,  psychiatric,  psychologic,  neurologic,  hereditary,  anthropometric  and 
sociologic  studies  on  four  thousand  four  hundred  and  eighty-six  cases,  distributed 
as  follows :  Boys  Court,  2025 ;  Domestic  Relations,  including  bastardy  cases,  1275 ; 
Morals  Court,  947;  other  criminal  branches,  329.  A  large  proportion  of  the  above 
were  such  clinically  outspoken  cases  of  defectiveness  that  our  routine  intensive  and 
extensive  examinations  were  unnecessary  as  far  as  reaching  a  diagnosis  was  con- 
cerned, but  for  statistical  and  research  purposes,  as  well  as  on  the  grounds  of 
thoroughness,  we  carried  out  the  same  systematic  individualistic,  intensive  and  ex- 
tensive studies  on  all,  thus  embracing  both  individualistic  and  general  aims. 

We  have  not  found  it  necessary  to  rewrite  a  new  report,  since  our  cumulative 
experience  and  data  have  only  tended  to  further  confirm  and  substantiate  the 
previous  findings  and  conclusions,  which  was  most  fortunate,  as  the  laboratory  is 
working  under  such  high  pressure  that  it  exhausts  all  the  time  and  energy  of  its 
limited  staff,  which  can  barely  keep  up  with  the  cases  sent  to  it  for  examination, 
in  addition  to  the  necessary  clerical  and  statistical  work  the  preparation  of  such 
a  report  as  this  entails.  The  report,  consequently  having  been  gotten  together 
under  such  difficulties,  is  not  as  completely  worked  over  nor  extensive  as  we  would 
like  to  have  it,  or  as  the  material  justifies,  but  the  figures  are  there  and,  to  those 
familiar  with  the  subject,  speak  in  no  uncertain  terms  for  themselves. 

In  spite  of  the  delay  attendant  upon  the  preparation  and  arrangement  of 
quarters  for  the  laboratory,  no  such  quarters  having  been  provided  for  in  the 
plans  of  the  building,  the  procuring  of  supplies  and  the  like,  and  the  fact  that  for 
almost  a  year  we  had  only  one  trained  assistant,  a  volunteer,  Mrs.  Marie  K. 
Hickson,  who  eventually  trained  and  standardized  two  other  volunteers,  we  were 
able  in  six  weeks  to  present  a  fairly  comprehensive  survey  of  the  type  of  material 
found  in  the  Morals,  Domestic  Relations,  and  the  Boys  courts  especially,  before 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Study  of  the  Feeble-Minded, 
held  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  June,  1914,  calling  attention  to  the  seriousness  of  the 
situation. 

The  work  of  the  laboratory  has  been  not  only  of  a  practical  but  also  of  an 
experimental  or  research  nature.  We  not  only  attempted  to  render  reports  on  both 
the  mental  and  medical  or  physical  status  of  the  cases  sent  to  the  laboratory  for 
such  purposes  by  the  various  judges  of  the  Municipal  Court,  of  whom  there  are 
thirty-one,    as    well    as  by  other  courts  and  agencies,  but  also  attempted  a  survey 

—  17  — 


along  llic  psychological,  normal  and  abnormal;  physical  and  medical;  anthropo- 
nictrical  and  anthropological;  degenerative  stigmata,  intrinsic  and  extrinsic; 
nciiroionical,  serological,  social  and  economic  or  environmental  phases  of  cases 
sent  from  some  of  the  specialized  branches  such  as  the  Boys,  Morals,  Domestic 
Relations  and  bastardy  and  criminal  branches,  emphasizing  the  matter  of  crime 
and  criminality  from  its  various  sides,  especially  the  psychological  or  subjective,  a 
side  thus  far  almost  entirely  overlooked  anr!  neglected  in  contrast  to  the  objective, 
in  which  the  human  is  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  suits,  torts,  etc.,  on  the  civil 
side  and  all  such  an  attitude  connotes.  The  laboratory  also  endeavors  to  show 
the  necessity  for  and  to  apply  the  advances  made  in  the  above-mentioned  sciences, 
which  must  be  the  basis  of  criminal  law,  if  the  subjective,  the  humane  and  scien- 
tific method  is  to  predominate,  bringing  their  findings  to  bear  on  the  correction  of 
the  many  present  dead  and  obsolete  laws  now  applying  in  these  fields,  in  the  vast 
majority  of  cases  with  little  or  no  scientific  substrata  to  justify  them,  and  also  to 
make  them  live  and  elastic  enough  that  they  may  keep  pace  with  future  develop- 
ments and  circumvent  the  process  of  stereotypy  which  has  no  place  in  human  ap- 
plication where  the  sciences  controlling  this  branch  are  constantly  developing  and 
being  better  understood,  and  thus  aim  to  neutralize  this  fetish  worship  of  the  law 
as  law  as  though  it  was  a  matter  above  men,  rather  than  of  men  and  for  men, 
to  change  the  worship  of  the  god  of  things  as  they  are  to  an  earnest  strife  for 
things  as  they  should  be.  We  do  not  wish  to  minimize  the  necessity  for  as  much 
stability  in  our  laws  as  is  consistent  with  justice  and  security,  which  we  think 
could  be  maintained  at  the  same  time  by  such  measures  as  a  review  of  the  laws 
and  principles  in  the  light  of  scientific  advancements  at  certain  stated  periods  of, 
say  five  or  ten  years.  Thus  would  we  secure  perhaps  sufficient  stability  with 
gradual  change  and  yet  overcome  the  disadvantages  of  the  principle  of  stereotyped 
law  in  its  human  application,  which  in  instances  only  too  painfully  numerous  have 
been    rather    examples    of    stereotyped    error. 

The  possibility  of  the  deterrent  effect  of  our  present  laws  on  the  commission 
of  the  fundamental  crimes  by  normals,  and  to  a  certain  extent  on  borderland  cases, 
is  admitted,  but  whether  it  is  the  best  and  only  way  is  not  settled,  whether,  for 
instance,  the  causal  association  of  criminality  and  defectiveness,  with  its  concomitant 
double  stigmata  and  isolation  would  not  be  more  effectual.  However,  there  can 
be  no  doubt,  which  we  hope  to  demonstrate  in  this  report,  that  the  present  methods 
of  handling  the  situation  in  regard  to  defectives,  who  make  up  the  bulk  of  our 
delinquents,  are  faulty  in  that  in  spite  of  all  the  various  efforts,  always  directed, 
however,  to  the  objective  side  thus  far,  which  have  been  failures,  crime  still  re- 
mains static,  running  pari  passu  with  feeble-mindedness  and  insanity,  which  in  turn 
ap'pear  with  statistical  punctiliousness  from  year  to  year.  In  the  face  of  such 
failure  of  the  present  methods,  the  subjective  method  of  viewing  and  correcting 
the  present  hopeless-looking  situation  is  entitled  to  a  word.  The  futility  of  treat- 
ing a  condition  for  permanent  results  without  first  knowing  the  underlying  causes 
in  order  to  eradicate  them  is  obvious.  Treating  symptoms  instead  of  causes  must 
always  remain  an  endless,  fruitless  task. 

Furthermore,  we  have  striven  to  get  at  the  causes  and  remedies  if  possible,  to 
find  the  answer  to  the  question,  "Why  is  a  man  a  criminal?"  and  to  see  what  can 
be  done  to  eradicate  crime,  this  cancer  of  the  body  politic,  as  far  as  possible.  As 
has  been  said  in  medicine,  "the  diagnosis  is  half  the  cure,"  so  we  hope  and  feel 
in   the   matter   of   criminality,   that   if   we   can   diagnose   the   underlying   cause   or 

—  18  — 


causes  we  will  be  well  on  the  road  to  the  cure.  That  there  is  a  deep  interest  in 
this  new  field  of  work  and  the  findings  of  the  laboratorj-  is  manifested  by  the 
many  inquiries  and  visits  we  are  receiving  from  representatives  of  the  law,  medi- 
cine, sociology,  etc.  Many  of  these  inquiries  have  come  from  those  in  other 
cities  who  are  working  for  the  establishment  of  similar  laboratories,  as  to  its 
activities,  scope,  findings,  etc.,  as  well  as  tlie  qualifications  of  a  psychopathic  expert 
and  assistants,  and  at  the  present  writing  several  laboratories  laid  down  on  similar 
lines  have  already  been  organized  in  other  cities. 

While  the  laboratory  of  the  ^lunicipal  Court  of  Chicago  was  opened  three 
years  ago,  the  idea  of  one  was  planned  long  ahead  and  only  awaited  favorable 
conditions  for  its  establishment.  Over  a  year  previous  to  its  foundation,  in  order 
to  further  the  matter,  the  writer  was  invited  through  Chief  Justice  Olson  to 
deliver  an  address  which  was  entitled,  "The  Treatment  of  the  Criminal  Insane 
in  Germany,"  befor-e  one  of  the  influential  civic  bodies  of  Chicago,  which  treatment 
embodied  the  laboratory  idea  in  the  handling  of  criminals,  insane,  feeble-minded,  etc. 

The  laboratory  idea  is  an  evolution  and  not  the  outcome  of  an  impulse ;  it 
has  developed  in  response  to  the  feeling,  not  always  in  full  liminal  consciousness 
perhaps  but  nevertheless  insistently  germinating,  made  up  of  an  inherent  desire 
for  more  insight  and  justice,  in  the  realization  of  our  present  unjust,  futile,  hit-or- 
mis«,  narrow,  unscientific  methods  founded  mostly  on  nothing  more  substantial 
than  customs,  the  more  ancient  the  better,  in  many  instances  of  different  lands, 
times  and  peoples,  with  all  the  superstitions,  prejudices  and  complexes  innate  to 
such  an  origin.  The  spirit  deferring  the  recognition  of  the  subjective  side  of 
crime,  and  back  of  the  objective  method  of  treating  the  criminal,  has  been  in- 
fluenced, no  doubt,  among  other  causes,  to  a  large  extent  by  the  great  difficulty 
in  the  past  of  getting  at  the  individuality  of  cases,  which  is  now  largely  overcome 
by  our  rapidly-developing  fund  of  information  in  the  field  of  abnormal  psycholog>', 
the  science  of  psychopathology  and  its  practical  applicabilit}',  which  factors  have 
in  turn  been  very  influential  in  hastening  the  day  of  recognition  of  the  subjective 
side.  Another  obstacle,  also,  was  the  dominating  influence  existing  at  various 
times  of  political,  social,  ethical  and  other  movements  in  regard  to  recognizing 
individuality.  Another  influence  of  no  mean  order  in  objectifying  the  law  as 
much  as  possible  was  the  desire  to  reduce  it  as  near  as  could  be  to  logical  and 
mathematical  formulae,  and  we  see  how  incapable  we  are  as  yet  to  reduce  human 
behavior  to  its  lowest  terms  in  order  to  fit  it  to  formulae  of  such  a  different  nature, 
practically  as  yet  incommensurable,  even  though  mental  processes  are  being  re- 
duced more  and  more  to  numerical  values.  Furthermore,  such  desires  as  the  ob- 
jective treatment  of  crime  on  the  one  hand  and  retributive  justice  on  the  other, 
while  offsprings  of  the  same  impulse,  yet  land  their  disciples  on  the  horns  of  a 
dilemma  in  that  in  the  first  instance  it  connotes  determinism  and  in  the  other  in-' 
determinism.  There  can  be  no  positive  correlation,  but  there  is  a  negative  one. 
between  the  objective  attitude  and  responsibilitj'. 

In  practically  all  lines  of  work  and  endeavor  there  are  efforts  made  at  fre- 
quent intervals  to  check  up  results,  to  take  an  inventory,  look  backwards,  about  and 
forward,  for  a  fresh  start,  but  criminal  procedure  has  been  a  law  unto  itself  in 
this  respect  and  has  remained  self-satisfied.  We  are  marked  for  our  great  belief  in 
the  efficacy  of  "law  and  more  law"  as  a  cure  for  all  social  evils,  but  the  least  retro- 
spection will  show  us  how  vain  have  been  our  efforts  along  these  lines  when  we 
consider  that  less  than  two  hundred  years  ago  there  were  one  hundred  and  sixty- 

—  19  — 


five  criiiifs  on  the  statute  books  of  England  (from  which  most  of  our  states  derive 
their  common  laws)  punishaljlc  by  death,  such  common  crimes  as  stealing  a  pig, 
three  shillings  or  more,  and  the  like,  many  such  simple  crimes  that  they  would 
seem  so  easily  suppressed,  and  yet  they  had  to  modify  these  laws  because  of  in- 
efTicacy  and  the  resulting  barbarity.  Even  boiling  oil  and  molten  lead  before  this 
found  their  disciples.  Maiming  and  branding  have  equally  been  tried  and  found 
wanting,  then  the  pillory,  ducking-pond  and  whipping  post  were  tried,  and  in  order 
to  add  humiliation,  were  in  some  instances  carried  on  in  the  public  square.  Burn- 
ing at  the  stake  was  practiced  quite  freely  on  unfortunates  then  regarded  as  witches 
and  beset  by  the  devil,  whom  today  we  recognize  in  our  dementia  praecox  cases. 
One  after  another  of  these  procedures  was  given  up  as  their  ineflfectuality  was  rec- 
ognized— replaced  by  another,  all,  however,  were  only  substitutions,  as  they  were 
always  objective  in  nature. 

Next  a  master  sadist  developed  the  idea  of  solitary  confinement.  Man  is  a 
social  animal  and  this  would  be  excruciating  mental  trauma.  The  ball  and  chain 
were  often  adjuncts  here;  also  the  darkened  cell,  thumb  rack  and  starvation  diet. 
Then  we  had  reformation,  probation,  parole  and  the  honor  system — all  carried  on, 
however,  in  an  objective  manner,  all  with  the  same  futile  result,  at  once  a  strenuous 
effort  and  arrant  failure.  If  crime  were  only  perceptibly  reduced  by  these  methods, 
it  would  to  some  extent  neutralize  the  sadistic  attitude.  In  the  early  days,  the 
eye-for-an-ej^e,  tooth-for-a-tooth  doctrine,  retributive  justice,  was  uppermost.  This 
has  been  somewhat  ameliorated  in  the  latter  days  and  the  idea  of  reformation  has 
supplanted  it  more  and  more.  The  child  who  stubs  his  toe  against  the  table  and 
then  in  revenge  hits  the  table  is  not  much  more  naive  than  those  who,  in  the  face 
of  present-day  facts,  still  hanker  after  punishment  as  uppermost  in  the  disposition 
of  delinquents.  Statistics  show  that  there  are  proportionately  as  many  murders 
in  states  and  lands  with  capital  punishment  as  without  capital  punishment.  We 
have  muddled  along  these  hundred  years  and  the  question  now  is,  are  we  going  to 
continue  muddling  along  for  another  hundred,  or  pause  and  give  the  situation  that 
study  and  attention  its  importance  deserves?  The  law  has  recognized  the  irre- 
sponsibility of  the  child  under  certain  ages  of  development  and  understanding,  and 
yet  many  of  our  criminals  are  no  better  oflf  mentally  than  these  same  children.  We 
should  posit  the  following  question  to  ourselves,  it  being  understood  that  we  are 
familiar  with  the  essential  facts  of  the  sciences  bearing  on  the  problem,  such  as 
normal  and  abnormal  psychology,  neurolog>^  heredity,  etc.,  namely,  with  the  same 
mentality,  heredity  and  correlated  socio-econdmic  conditions,  etc.,  of  a  delinquent, 
would  we  have  done  diflferentlj'  from  him,  and  conversely,  if  he  had  our  mentality, 
heredity,  socio-economic  conditions,  etc.,  would  he  act  differently  from  us? 

Assistant  state's  attorneys  have  told  us  that  they  do  not  want  to  hear  our  re- 
ports to  the  judge  on  cases,  for  after  hearing  all  the  facts  they  are  not  able  to 
prosecute  their  cases  so  drastically. 

Prosecuting  attorneys  should  also  procure  the  expert's  opinion  in  cases  in 
order  that  they  may  be  at  least  more  or  less  familiar  with  the  history  of  the  indi- 
vidual and  thus  better  able  to  help  administer  justice.  As  it  is  now,  in  the  vast 
majority  of  cases,  their  knowledge  of  the  defendant  is  of  the  most  casual  nature, 
and  what  knowledge  they  have  of  him  is  concentrated  on  his  defaults.  Prosecuting 
attorneys  have  made  use  of  the  findings  of  the  laboratory  when  they  helped  toward 
a  conviction  and  there  have  also  been  others  who  have  used  its  findings  when  they 
were  favorable  to  the  defendant;  others  have  sent  complaining  witnesses  to  the 

—  20  — 


laboratory  for  examination  where  mental  disease  was  suspected,  and  when  con- 
firmed have  thus  anticipated  ungrounded  lawsuits  to  the  advantage  of  the  state  and 
all  others  concerned. 

The  attitude  of  the  bar  has  been  that  the  judges,  prosecuting  and  other  attor- 
neys were  there  only  to  carry  out  the  law  and  had  no  part  in  the  securing  of  new 
and  better  laws,  to  get  at  the  bottom  of  things,  but  assigned  that  duty  to  the  peo- 
ple and  their  legislators,  claiming  they  were  the  ones  who  were  responsible  for  the 
laws,  and  the  legal  fraternity  only  for  their  fulfillment.  Theoretically,  there  may 
be  some  justification  of  this  attitude,  but  practically  there  is  none,  for  in  these  days 
of  complex  life,  when  specialization  is  a  matter  of  necessity,  what  can  the  layman 
know  of  the  whys  and  wherefores  of  criminology,  and  logically,  the  legal  fraternity 
are  the  ones  who  are  most  familiar  with  the  situation  and  the  ones  we  must  turn 
to  for  initiative  and  advice  in  the  field.  A  similar  attitude  in  regard  to  disease  was 
rife  to  a  small  extent  at  one  time  in  the  medical  profession,  many  of  the  doctors 
maintaining  they  were  there  only  to  treat  disease,  and  did  not  concern  themselves 
with  the  problem  of  trying  to  get  at  the  root  of  the  evil  and  eliminate  it.  When 
the  idea  of  preventive  medicine  became  general  throughout  the  profession,  when 
scientific  medicine  began  to  be  practiced,  more  progress  w^as  made  in  a  decade  to- 
wards eliminating  disease  and  suffering  and  prolonging  life  in  j-ears  as  well  as  use- 
fulness and  comfort,  than  in  fifty  years  under  the  unscientific  regime.  Medicine 
is  getting  to  be  more  and  more  like  the  law  in  respect  to  its  being  taken  over  as  one 
of  the  functions  of  the  state,  but  this  movement,  in  contrast  with  that  of  the  law, 
has  tended  towards  developing  the  scientific  side,  the  preventive  side,  of  medicine 
as  much  as  any  other  single  factor.  We  all  know  what  the  state  has  done  for  the 
encouragement  and  development  of  science  in  general  in  some  other  countries. 
There  is  no  reason  why  we  cannot  have  the  state  develop  the  scientific  administra- 
tion of  the  law  as  it  is  doing  in  medicine,  to  go  to  the  root  of  things  in  order  that 
intelligent  treatment  may  be  undertaken,  looking  towards  a  successful  solution  of 
the  problem.  There  will  be  minds  too  settled  by  age,  natural  and  premature,  to 
assimilate  this  new  movement,  yet  we  must  not  let  their  age  weigh  as  heavily  on  us 
as  it  does  on  them.  The  medical  profession,  for  instance,  had  such  inertia  to  over- 
come with  practically  every  great  discovery  and  advance. 

We  feel  that  there  is  just  as  great  a  moral  obligation  resting  on  the  law  in 
regard  to  research  into  the  causes  and  prevention  of  crime  as  tnere  is  on  the 
medical  profession  in  regard  to  research  into  the  causes  and  prevention  of  disease. 
The  fact  that  two  per  cent  of  the  general  population  are  criminals  is  highly  signifi- 
cant, for  it  means  to  those  familiar  with  psychological  and  sociological  statistics 
that  we  are  dealing  here  with  a  highly  specialized,  isolated  group  of  individuals, 
which  of  itself  should  have  awakened  our  curiosity  and  called  for  careful  investi- 
gation. If  the  percentage  had  been,  say  50  or  60  per  cent,  it  would  lose  such  sig- 
nificance, as  then  it  would  be  approaching  a  more  general,  average  condition.  The 
fact  also  that  about  2  per  cent  of  the  general  population  have  been  estimated  to  be 
defective  is  more  than  a  coincidence.  We  should  honor  and  respect  the  laws  as 
we  should  honor  and  respect  our  parents,  but  it  is  so  much  more  consistent  when 
they  command  rather  than  simply  demand  this. 

There  is  a  certain  percentage  of  more  or  less  outspoken  insanity  and  feeble- 
mindedness in  the  general  population  and  consequently  there  will  be  of  necessity  a 
certain  percentage  in  the  cases  coming  before  the  court.  These  are  the  cases  of  a 
nature  more  or  less  obvious  even  to  the  layman.     The  judge,  from  his  experience 

—  21  — 


on  the  bcncli,  will  be  able  tu  recognize  a  still  larger  number,  and  the  expert  psycho- 
pathologist  a  still  larger  group.  The  judges  will  pick  out  the  cases  of  the  first  two 
groups  and  will  want  to  have  a  diagnosis,  prognosis  and  suggestions  as  to  their 
responsibility,  dangerousness,  treatment,  etc.,  consequently  there  must  be  a  con- 
venient laboratory  for  this  purpose  from  whence  they  can  get  the  information 
with  all  possible  dispatch  from  experts  in  criminal  psychopathology. 

That  the  subjective  side  of  crime  and  the  criminal  is  not  entirely  without  some 
recognition  is  attested  by  the  fact  of  the  existence  of  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory 
of  the  Municipal  Court  and  by  the  passage  of  a  recent  bill  for  the  defective- 
delinquent,  largely  as  the  result  of  the  findings  of  this  laboratory,  as  well  as  by  the 
establishment  of  similar  laboratories  by  courts  in  other  cities,  and  by  the  fact  that 
many  judges  say  they  would  never  again  sit  in  judgment  without  the  assistance  of 
a  psychopathologist,  and  that  many  who  have  done  so,  reviewing  their  cases  in  the 
light  of  our  present  knowledge  of  criminal  psychopathology,  wish  they  had  not; 
and,  judging  by  the  support  the  laboratory  idea  has  received,  we  think  the  day  is 
not  far  distant  when  we  will  see  the  same  research  activity  in  the  law  that  we  now 
see  in  medicine  and  correlated  branches,  which  has  put  medicine  on  a  scientific 
basis  and  will  do  the  same  for  law. 

The  scope  of  the  laboratory  and  the  training  and  qualifications  of  experts  may 
be  generally  discussed  together.  The  laboratory's  activities  may  be  subsumed  un- 
der two  principal  heads ;  namely,  practical  and  research.  Since  a  laboratory  like 
that  connected  with  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago  is  one  of  the  largest  clinics 
of  abnormal  psychology  and  sociopathology  there  is,  the  material  existing  there, 
already'  conveniently  separated  by  the  specialization  of  the  courts,  ofTers  one  of  the 
richest  fields  of  research  along  these  lines  possible  for  the  student  of  law,  medicine, 
sociology,  etc.  The  practical  workings  of  the  laboratory  include  diagnoses,  both 
mental  and  physical,  with  reports  of  the  same  to  the  judges  who  sent  the  cases. 
The  medical  examinations  are  both  clinical  and  laboratory  as  the  case  demands. 
The  routine  mental  tests  used  in  the  laboratory  in  addition  to  the  well-known  gen- 
eral tests  familiar  to  medicine,  are  those  developed  and  used  in  the  psj'chiatric 
clinics  at  Berlin,  Giessen,  Ziirich,  Munich,  etc.,  and  in  addition  to  these  the  Binet- 
Simon,  Ro?solimo,  psychological  profile  methods ;  the  graduated,  free  and  controlled 
association  tests ;  and  the  A-S  tests  (Analj-sis-Synthesis  series,  such  as  the  similar- 
ity tests,  etc.).  All  the  foregoing  are  evaluated  both  quantitatively  and  qualitatively. 
In  addition  to  the  above  we  have  more  or  less  recourse  to  such  tests  as  the  De 
Sanctis  and  others,  some  of  which,  while  not  standardized  absolutely,  yet  allow  of 
relative  standardization  and  qualitative  application.  There  is  also  the  world  test 
which  we  try  to  evaluate  in  all  our  cases,  the  most  adamant  test  of  them  all,  an 
assaying  crucible  of  highest  value,  which  consists  of  the  evaluation  of  the  reactions 
of  our  cases  to  their  environment,  a  checking  up  of  their  capability  of  adjustment, 
their  failures  and  successes  at  home,  in  school,  at  work,  etc. 

The  worl'd  test  is  best  appreciated  if  we  follow  the  career  or,  in  other  words, 
the  behavior,  the  reactions  of  the  individual  to  his  environment  from  earliest  child- 
hood on.  Infancy,  childhood  and  school  records  should  be  carefully  preserved, 
especially  Juvenile  Court  records,  which  are  invaluable,  showing  as  they  do,  the 
make-up  of  the  individual,  which  even  in  these  early,  tender  years  brings  him  into 
conflict  with  environment,  with  the  law,  for  the  environment  as  it  is  now  is  ad- 
justed for  practically  normal  or  well-balanced  individuals;  environment  is  man- 
made,  made  by  dominants  for  dominants  and  not  for  recessives,  giving  the  former 

—  22  — 


a  relative  degree  of  freedom  not  vouchsafed  the  latter.  Such  records  would  be  of 
the  greatest  assistance  in  the  understanding  of  the  case  and  should  not  be  destroyed 
for  fear  that  they  would  be  used  against  the  boy  or  girl  if  they  commit  crimes  later 
on  in  life,  which  attitude  grows  out  of  a  mind  still  harboring  such  passe  ideas  as 
positive  depravity  and  the  like  in  respect  to  these  cases,  rather  than  the  one  of 
recognizing  that  we  are  dealing  here  in  the  majority  of  cases  with  weaker  brothers 
and  sisters,  who  should  never  be  approached  with  the  idea  that  they  are  deliberate 
criminals,  but  as  weak  and  helpless  and  needing  our  best  assistance  and  care,  and 
that  these  early  records  of  conflict  with  environment  in  these  early  passive  years 
are  one  of  the  greatest  proofs  of  their  inherent  mental  defectiveness.  Anyone  who 
has  worked  in  the  psj^hiatric  clinics  on  the  continent  studying  delinquents  knows 
what  a  helpful  role  such  records  play,  never  with  the  faintest  idea  or  suspicion  of 
injuring  the  case,  but  as  one  of  the  greatest  helps  to  understanding  him.  Of  course, 
it  is  needless  to  say  such  court  and  other  records  should  be  available  only  to  prop- 
erly authorized  individuals. 

We  see  this  same  attitude  in  the  families  of  many  of  the  cases  where  we  un- 
dertake to  search  for  delinquency,  defectiveness,  insanity  and  the  like  in  the  family 
history,  in  which,  in  spite  of  the  most  pronounced  and  wide-spread  defectiveness 
throughout  the  family,  they  deny  it  and  try  to  circumvent  the  truth  to  the  last 
degree,  fearing  in  their  ignorance  it  is  going  to  prejudice  the  case,  and  failing  to  see 
that  it  is  of  the  greatest  advantage  in  comprehending  him.  As  we  recognize  in  the 
development  of  the  individual  certain  critical  physiological  and  psychological  peri- 
ods, so  also  can  we  recognize  what  might  be  termed  socio-economic  critical  periods. 
While  these  various  periods  do  not  always  overlap  each  other,  yet  they  approximate 
each  other.  One  of  the  most  important  of  the  socio-economic  periods  is  that  oc- 
curring in  the  early  teens  when  the  average  boy  and  often  girl  is  expected  to  be- 
come self-supporting,  to  pull  his  own  weight  in  the  boat,  to  maintain  himself,  to 
have  responsibility  thrust  upon  him;  this  is  the  acid  test  for  feeble-mindedness 
and  psychopathy,  a  most  practical  and  objective  test,  and  this  test  only  confirms 
the  findings  of  our  other  tests  and  predictions. 

We  regret  that  the  general  nature  of  the  Annual  Report  and  lack  of  space  ex- 
cludes a  description  and  discussion  of  the  various  tests  used  in  the  laboratory, 
many  of  which  we  feel  should  be  better  known  in  this  country.  The  tests  used, 
however,  have  either  been  absolutely  or  relatively  standardized  and  are  reliable. 
We  have  undertaken  no  exploitation  in  this  line,  nor  encumbered  the  work  with 
any  of  the  many  tests  turned  out  where  any  kind  of  practical  standardization  is 
absolutely  impossible  or  of  those  where  the  underlying  principles  are  faulty,  nor 
of  any  of  the  spectacular  tests,  for  the  benefit  of  the  curious  visitor.  We  have 
attempted  to  keep  the  laboratory  as  free  from  apparatus  and  from  having  the 
appearance  of  a  laboratory  as  possible,  in  order  to  avoid  any  untoward  influence 
such  apparatus  or  appearance  may  have  on  the  case  to  be  examined,  either  of  a 
frightening  or  a  distracting  nature.  We  have  tried  to  avoid  an  error  we  have  no- 
ticed quite  commonly  in  this  field  with  the  inexperienced,  one  which  has  been  at 
the  bottom  of  much  misunderstanding;  namely,  the  confusing  of  the  situation  by 
the  accumulating  of  masses  of  unessential  data,  and  while  it  is  better,  perhaps,  to 
err,  if  at  all,  on  the  latter  side,  yet  the  properly  trained  man  will  be  able  to  isolate 
very  closely  the  essential  from  the  unessential  to  the  great  saving  of  time,  energy 
and  money,  and  also  afifording  a  clearer  insight  into  conditions  rather  than  ob- 
scuring them. 

—  23  — 


In  discuhsiiiy  tht  (lualiticatioiis  ui  llic  psychopathic  expert  for  court  work,  the 
tremendous  rcsponsil)ility  placed  upon  him  will  call  for  very  exceptional  training 
and  nuist  constantly  be  borne  in  mind.  On  the  one  hand,  he  will  have  to  see  jus- 
tice done  to  the  individual,  while  on  the  other,  see  to  it  that  the  interests  of  society 
arc  safeguarded.  Such  grave  responsibility  makes  big  demands  and  calls  for  the 
highest  degree  of  expertness  in  the  several  fields  of  work  on  the  incumbent. 

This  is  neither  the  time  nor  the  place  for  an  extended  discussion  of  the  blind, 
gruesome  and,  at  the  same  time,  fruitless  handling  to  which  delinquents  have  been 
subjected,  but  which  cannot  be  too  often  reiterated  for  its  salutary  efifect— which 
descended  to  such  practices  as  wholesale  hanging  for  trivial  ofifenses,  burning  at 
the  stake  (of  supposed  witches,  now  known  to  be  cases  of  dementia  praecox  para- 
noides), mutilation,  branding,  whipping,  stocks  and  ducking,  public  humiliation, 
deportation,  convict  ships  and  colonies,  close  and  solitary  confinement,  ball  and 
chain,  chain  gangs,  deprivation  of  honors,  of  the  rights  and  privileges  of  citizen- 
ship, uncompensated  hard  labor,  coarsest  food,  clothing,  quarters,  etc.;  in  fact,  al- 
most the  whole  gamut  of  blind,  uncompassionate  human  ingenuity  which  found 
an  outlet  for  its  expression  in  this  service — plus  the  futility  of  it  all,  the  utter  bar- 
renness of  constructive  results — but  rather  to  discuss  modern,  scientific,  humani- 
tarian substitutes.  The  chapter  on  the  handling  of  the  insane  in  the  dark  days  of 
the  past  is  no  less  discreditable,  when  in  the  profundity  of  our  blindness  and  super- 
stitions they  were  regarded  as  beset  with  devils  and  were  handled  commensurately, 
harking  back  to  the  days  of  the  trial  and  punishment  of  animals  and  insects,  until 
such  scientists  and  humanitarians  as  Pinel  and  his  colleagues  came  to  the  rescue 
and  enlightened  us  as  to  the  true  nature  of  the  condition,  and  instituted  rational 
treatment  to  the  benefit  of  all  concerned. 

In  our  humble  way  we,  too,  are  trying  to  bring  light  into  the  equally  misunder- 
stood, mishandled,  correlated  field  of  delinquency,  and  if  our  studies  will  in  any 
way  contribute  to  changing  the  prevailing  unscientific  and  futile  methods,  both  for 
society  as  well  as  the  delinquent,  we  will  feel  our  efforts  have  not  been  in  vain. 
We  are  only  too  conscious  that  now,  as  it  was  then,  with  the  deliverance  of  the 
maniacs  and  melancholiacs  calling  then,  as  now,  for  "eine  Umwertung  aller  Werte," 
time  and  eflfort  will  be  required  in  establishing  the  new  order  for  the  old,  and  in 
spite  of  our  excellent  modern  hospitals  and  management,  we  still  see  the  prejudices 
and  fears  against  them  harking  from  their  former  unsavory  associations.  This 
will  no  doubt  be  true  also  for  some  time  to  come  in  regard  to  the  establishment  of 
modern  institutions  for  delinquents — its  dark  chapter  of  history  will  still  cling  to 
it.  But  the  public  mind  becomes  more  and  more  receptive  with  time  and  we  look 
forward  to  seeing  the  general  acceptance  of  the  ideas  set  forth  in  this  report  much 
more  rapidly  than  analogous  changes  were  accepted  formerly,  and  we  receive  con- 
siderable encouragement  for  such  hopes  when  we  see  the  general  spread  and  crea- 
tion of  psychopathic  laboratories  in  connection  with  institutions  for  delinquents, 
and  we  believe  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  these  unfortunates  will  receive 
that  intelligent  care  and  treatment  that  comes  with  understanding,  and  the  problem 
of  delinquency,  with  its  correlated  problems  of  dependency,  alcoholism,  etc.,  will  be 
a  long  way  toward  solution,  and  constructive  methods  will  prevail  over  the  present 
ruinous  ones,  much  more  ruinous  for  society  than  for  the  delinquent,  for  while  so- 
ciety is  hard  on  him,  he  is  harder  on  society.  He  is  also  outnumbered  about  49  to  1 
m  the  general  population,  with  all  such  disproportionate  representation  implies,  but 
he  evens  up  this  score  by  his  disproportionate  cost  in  taxes.     There  are  two  sides 

—  24  — 


to  most  questions  and  this  is  no  exception,  but  thus  far  only  one  side  has  been 
heard. 

The  following  two  quotations  showing  one  type  of  attitude  toward  the  problem 
and  how  hard  such  ideas  die  might  well  be  contrasted  with  the  next  three,  illus- 
trating another  attitude.  The  Lord  Chancellor  of  England  in  the  House  of  Lords, 
March  11,  1862,  declared  that  "the  introduction  of  medical  opinions  and  medical 
theories  into  the  subject  has  proceeded  upon  the  vicious  principle  of  considering 
insanity  as  a  disease."^ 

In  1862  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  in  pronouncing  judgment  said: 
"To  know  the  right  and  still  the  wrong  pursue,  proceeds  from  a  perverse  will 
brought  about  by  the  seductions  of  the  Evil  One." 

The  necessity,  however,  for  considering,  on  the  other  hand,  the  problem  of 
delinquency  as  one  for  psychopathology  has  been  recognized  theoretically  at  least 
for  years,  as  the  following  quotations  from  well-known  authorities  will  attest. 

"Legislation  instead  of  being  founded  on  prejudice  and  instinct  should  rest  on 
the  conclusions  of  mental  pathology."     (Jeremy  Bentham,  Theory  of  Legislation.) 

"The  science  of  justice  and  the  science  of  nature  are  one.  Justice  should  be 
based  on  medico-ps3xhology."     Alichelet.' 

"Laws  ought  to  be  correlations  derived  from  the  nature  of  the  subject."  Mon- 
tesquieu.' 

The  final  acceptance,  however,  of  these  latter  theories  has  waited  on  concrete 
demonstration,  and  it  is  this  lack  and  completing  bond  that  we  have  attempted  to 
supply  for  the  first  time  in  the  present  and  previous  reports  and  papers  issued  by 
the  laboratory,  in  which  systematic  research,  with  exact  tests  along  psychopatholog- 
ical  and  correlated  neurological  and  medical  lines,  was  made  on  sufficiently  large 
and  representative  groups  of  delinquents,  as  well  as  their  crimes,  coming  into  the 
various  courts,  to  be  conclusive. 

That  others  besides  psychopathologists  perceive  the  necessity  for  the  medico- 
psychological  examination  of  delinquents,  the  following  quotation,  translated  from 
"Das  Handbuch  fuer  Untersuchungsrichter,"  written  by  Hans  Gross,  Professor  of 
Law  at  the  University  of  Graz,  singularly  attests,  coming  as  it  does  from  an  inter- 
national authority  of  the  highest  standing  in  criminology  as  well  as  jurisprudence. 
He  says : 

"One  of  the  most  important  questions  the  examining  judge  is  in  duty  bound  to 
weigh  and  consider  is,  which  among  the  defendants  and  important  witnesses  *  com- 
ing before  him  should  receive  psychiatric  attention.     There  is  no  question  about 


1  Much  of  the  criticism  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory  underwent  in  the  beginning 
will  no  doubt  sound  just  as  absurd  a  few  years  hence. 

"  "I.a  science  de  la  justice  et  la  science  de  la  nature  sont  unes.  II  faut  que  la 
justice  devienne  une  medicine  s'6clairant  des  sciences  psychologiques."     Michelet. 

3  "Les  lois  sont  les  rapports  n^cessalres  qui  dferivent  de  la  nature  des  choses." 
Montesquieu,  L'Esprit  des  Lois. 

*  He  should  also  have  included  plaintiffs,  and  thus  anticipate  many  unjust  and 
unnecessary  arrests  with  their  attendant  costs,  to  say  nothing  of  the  suffering  and 
stigma  to  the  innocent,  through  dementia  prsecox,  cases  of  the  paranoid  of  querulant 
types,  etc.  Just  recently  Judge  Uhlir  detected  a  paranoid  case  as  such,  where  the 
prosecuting  attorney  came  to  him  with  the  complainant  for  several  warrants.  The 
complainant  had  been  committed  from  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago  two  years 
previous  to  the  Psychopathic  Hospital,  from  whence  she  was  sent  to  the  State  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane  at  Kankakee  and  later  paroled.  We  have  had  one  case  of  dementia 
proecox  paranoid  (querulous)  wlio  has  entered  over  forty-five  suits  in  the  Municipal 
Court  of  Chicago  and  squandered  his  earnings  of  years.  These  ca.ses  are  quite  com- 
mon In  the  courts.  The  condition  is  being  recognized,  and  we  have  also  been  called 
into  consultation  by  conscientious  lawyers  who  suspected  all  was  not  right  with  their 
clients,  and  thus  succeeded  In  heading  ofi  litigation  and  criminal  procedure  prejudicial 
to  all  concerned,  not  excluding,  in  the  long  run,   the  plaintiff's  Inwyers, 

—  35  — 


(loiiiK  this  in  cases  of  mania,  stupor,  frank  melancholia,  etc.  Such  has  been  the 
case  for  over  a  hundred  years,  but  today,  with  the  scientific  advancement  made  m 
medicine  and  law,  there  is  a  demand  that  we  should  be  on  our  guard  for  psychoses 
that  arc  not  patent  as  such  to  everybody,  and  thus  prevent  the  punishment  of  those 
actually  sick,  for  breaches  of  the  law  resulting  from  their  insanity.  It  is  only 
through  the  greatest  carefulness  and  strictest  conscientiousness  that  we  can  par- 
tially redeem  those  odious  sins  of  darker  days,  when  countless  mentally  abnormal 
unfortunates  were  punished  in  the  most  gruesome  manner  for  their  presumed 
wickedness  and  extraordinary  depravity." 

The  more  closely  one  examines  the  situation,  with  its  difficult  and  weighty  im- 
plications, the  more  is  one  convinced  that  really  every  delinquent  and  every  im- 
portant witness  along  with  his  testimony  should  be  submitted  to  a  psychopatholog- 
ical  examination.  Only  expediency  to  save  time  and  money  deters  us  from  the 
institution  of  such  obligatory  proceedings.  If,  however,  we  are  not  in  a  position 
to  do  this,  science,  conscientiousness  and  humanity  demand  at  least  that  we  meet 
the  situation  half  way  and,  when  there  is  a  doubt  in  our  minds,  even  the  slightest, 
as  to  the  mental  status  of  a  ca^e,  that  we  carefully  consider  every  element  that 
goes  to  bring  a  case  under  suspicion  and  not  hesitate  to  have  an  examination  made, 
even  though  the  case  had  been  already  examined  and  declared  normal.  Even 
should  the  jurist  be  mistaken  it,  being  a  medical  matter,  is  excusable,  and  even 
though  a  hundred  cases  should  be  examined  in  vain,  it  does  credit  to  his  conscien- 
tiousness." Every  physician  will  attest  that  even  specialists  at  times  find  the  great- 
est difificulty  in  judging  as  to  the  presence  or  absence  of  normality.  And  every 
conscientious  thinker  must  admit,  in  the  face  of  these  conditions,  that  it  is  much 
more  excusable  to  subject  many  cases  to  an  examination  who  turn  out  to  be  nor- 
mal, than  to  punish  a  single  individual  for  a  crime  due  to  mental  disease. 

As  a  corollary  to  the  foregoing  it  will  be  necessary  for  the  judge  to  possess  a 
certain  amount  of  positive  technical  knowledge  along  psjxhopathological  lines.  At 
least  he  shall  be  informed  sufficiently  that  he  shall  not  commit  any  egregious  errors 
in  deciding  on  cases  for  examination.  Nevertheless  a  certain  amount  of  obliga- 
tion rests  with  him  to  start  the  ball  rolling,  and  once  he  has  called  on  the  psychia- 
trist the  accountability  is  transferred  to  the  latter's  shoulders.  Should  he  neglect 
to  do  this,  and  since  it  is  only  in  isolated  cases  that  such  proceedings  are  instituted 
by  other  sources,  then  the  judge  has  the  responsibility  alone  to  bear.  It  would, 
therefore,  be  much  better  for  him  to  call  for  too  many  rather  than  too  few  exam- 
inations and  thus  forestall  for  his  later,  retrospective  years  remorse  implacable." 
In  order,  however,  to  keep  within  the  bounds  of  reason  and  not  overdo  the  matter 
in, calling  for  too  many  unnecessary  examinations,  he  will  find  it  necessary  to  ac- 
quire a  certain  amount  of  training  in  psychopathology.  That  this  is  not  simple  is 
frankly  admitted,  but  then  neither  is  the  office  of  magistrate  a  sinecure,  and  its 
onerousness  lies  just  therein— that  in  the  beginning  there  is  so  much  adventitious 
knowledge  that  must  be  acquired. 

There  are  several  ways  in  which  the  subject  may  be  approached.  First  of  all, 
he  should  study  the  literature  in  the  field  of  forensic  psychopathology.  This  will 
be  found,  no  doubt,  rather  difficult  at  first,  but  eventually  one  will  find  himself  at 
home  in  it,  especially  if  one  can  command  the  co-operation  of  a  psychopathologist. 

,..i»» J*"^*^',  ^^?''f,?"'  ^^  London  University,  places  conscientiousness  above  all  his  other 
criiena  or  mteUlgence. 

of  the^la'^Woufd^tal-e^hefd.'*"'''""'''   ""■''""  "'""    ""^   '^"'•"  ^'^"   '^"""  ''^"^   "°'    '^'   "P''"'* 

—  2(3  — 


who  will  suggest  the  bibliography  and  help  one  over  the  difficult  places.  However, 
such  information  remains  dead  material  as  such  if  one  rests  here.  If,  therefore, 
one  takes  this  career  earnest^'  there  remains  nothing  else  for  him  to  do  but  attend 
for  several  semesters  courses  in  mental  diseases.^  It  is  only  when  one  hears  and 
sees  demonstrations  on  individual  living  subjects  that  one  is  really  in  a  position  to 
evaluate  in  practice  with  profit  what  he  has  learned  out  of  the  literature,  and  espec- 
ially to  form  commensurate  ideas  between  the  descriptive  and  the  actualitj'.  Even 
the  best  written  textbooks  are  not  able  to  convey  to  the  understanding  of  the 
reader  the  gradations  in  symptoms  in  the  mind  of  the  author.  The  laity,  without 
exception,  in  interpreting  such  descriptive  signs  as  "confused  expression,"  "disor- 
dered speech,"  "retarded  comprehension,"  and  a  hundred  other  similar  expressions 
will  either  comprehend  too  much  or  too  little  thereby;  that  is,  they  will  either  sus- 
pect an  inconsequential  distracted  gaze  in  a  normal  man  as  a  "confused  look,"  or 
they  get  the  idea  that  this  expression  includes  a  horrible  rolling  of  the  eyes,  etc., 
and  will,  therefore,  overlook  many  really  "confused  looks"  of  pS3'chopathic  origin. 
One  can  only  learn  which  is  the  correct  interpretation  under  the  instruction  of  a 
psjxhiatrist,  demonstrated  on  living  'material,  and  not  from  book  descriptions 
alone.' 

What  is  the  most  instructive  for  the  magistrate  are  his  own  cases  in  which  he 
sees  how  the  case  is  examined  by  the  physician,  and  has  his  attention  called  to 
many  points,  and  at  the  same  time  obtains  an  insight  into  the  elaborateness  of  the 
expert's  examination.*  If,  however,  the  magistrate  merely  contents  himself  with 
looking  over  the  last  few  lines  of  the  elaborately  prepared  report  of  the  expert, 
just  to  assure  himself  of  the  diagnosis  as  to  whether  the  case  is  or  is  not  defective, 
he  will  profit  ver}'^  little  by  this  or  a  thousand  such  reports.  How  easy,  however, 
it  would  be  for  him  to  take  advantage  of  such  opportunities,  for  the  report  covers 
the  examination  of  a  case  that  the  magistrate  handles  from  the  very  beginning. 
He  perhaps  has  thought  the  patient  to  be  sound  or  he  was  conscious  of  doubts 
arising  in  his  own  mind,  and  he  consequently  knows  what  he  himself  had  thought 
of  the  case  in  general  and  each  of  the  various  symptoms  in  particular."*  He  then 
receives  the  elaborate  report  of  the  expert,  in  which  he  can  check  up  and  correct 
his  own  lay  impressions  in  the  light  of  the  expert's  knowledge.  Should  there  be 
any  points  not  clear  or  that  are  doubtful,  he  has  the  possibility  of  calling'  on  the 
expert  for  elucidation  and  instruction,  and  is,  therefore,  in  a  position  where  he  can 
develop  an  ability  from  the  study  of  his  ow-n  cases  for  future  guidance,  provided, 
of  course,  that  he  observes  the  patient,  carefullj'  studies  the  expert's  report,  consults 
with  the  latter  and  studies  t\'pical  cases  in  the  literature." 

Appended  to  each  of  the  various  mental  groups  summarized  under  the  different 
branches  of  the  court,  we  have  given  a  tabulation  of  from  five  to  twenty  examples 


'  Such  cour.se.s  could  be  given  to  the  senior  law  students  a.s  was  done  by  the  di- 
rector of  the  laboratory  in  co-operation  with  Profe.ssor  Keedy,  of  the  Law  Department 
of  Northwestern  University  in  his  course  in  Criminal  Procedure. 

*  This  could  be  demonstrated  on  cases  in  the  laboratory  with  its  unequaled  abund- 
ance of  psychopathic  material  affording,  as  they  do,  the  greatest  of  clinics  for  abnor- 
mal psychology. 

"  This  has  been  undertaken  by  us  in  co-operation  with  the  judges  sitting  in  the 
specialized  branches  with  the  utmost  gratification  to  us  all.  The  insight  into  human 
nature  the  judge  sitting  in  a  court  such  as  any  of  the  criminal  branches  of  the  Munic- 
ipal Court,  with  its  mass  of  material,  acquires,  forms  an  unusually  good  background 
for  the  reception  of  such  new  facts. 

"  It  is  quite  remarkable  how  adept  judges  become  along  these  linea  where  they 
have  the  co-operation  of  a  laboratory;  it  is  nothing  short  of  extraordinary,  the  in- 
sight into  the  subject  developed  by  the  judges  of  our  court;  thev  pick  out  cases  in 
the  most  astonishing  manner. 

—  27  — 


ill  order  lo  porlray  willi  a  few  strokes  the  general  characteristics  of  the  various 
cases  that  arc  of  interest  in  the  present  study,  and,  as  will  be  seen,  they  are  all  very 
much  the  same  at  bottom.  It  also  shows  the  hopelessness  of  their  situation  as,  none 
the  less,  our  present  methods  of  handling  it. 

We  have  also  included  examinations  and  diagnoses  on  groups  of  children, 
cither  defendants  themselves  or  complaining  witnesses  or  the  children  of  defendants. 
These  studies  convey  data  and  implications  of  much  interest.  One  such  point  is 
the  stage  at  which  mental  arrest  begins,  cases  advancing  in  their  early  childhood 
years,  mentally  and  chronologically  in  proportion,  and  first  showing  quantitative 
mental  arrest  a  few  years  later.  Such  cases  can  and  should  be  diagnosed  quali- 
tatively in  their  early  years,  and  this  is  one  of  our  reasons  for  insisting  that  directors 
of  laboratories  handling  juveniles  and  others  should  spend  at  least  six  months  in 
an  institution  for  the  feeble-minded,  so  as  to  be  thoroughly  familiar  with  feeble- 
mindedness, both  qualitatively  and  quantatively,  and  in  a  position  to  anticipate 
those  cases  with  later  mental  arrest.  Idiots  and  imbeciles  exhibit  early  mental 
arrest  and  are  promptly  detected  and  in  the  majority  of  cases  sent  to  an  institution, 
but  the  moron  whose  mental  arrest  sets  in  later  and  who  is  the  dangerous  case  is 
in  more  need  of  early  recognition,  as  the  others  are  too  low  mentally  and  too 
obvious  to  be  dangerous.  This  fact  also  accounts  for  a  part  of  the  criticism  of 
the  Binet-Simon  scale  in  which  the  critics  claim  that  the  lower  ranges  of  the  scale 
are  too  easy  and  the  higher  ranges  too  difficult.  The  low  grade  feeble-minded, 
such  as  imbeciles,  do  not  find  it  too  easy,  and  their  defect  shows  up  just  as  plainly 
on  it  as  do  the  high  grade  defectives,  the  morons,  on  the  upper  ranges  of  the  scale. 
Another  point  brought  out  by  these  studies  is  the  fact  that  in  spite  of  good  intel- 
ligence the  dementia  praecox  and  psychopaths,  on  the  whole,  make  poor  school 
progress. 

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. 

It  has  been  thought  advisable  to  insert  here  a  short  simplified  treatment  of  the 
subject  of  psychopathy  to  help  orient  such  readers  as  may  be  interested  but  who 
might  lack  more  or  less  specific  information  along  such  lines,  and  also  call  attention 
to  some  of  the  more  advanced  trends  in  this  field.  To  accomplish  this  at  all  as 
thoroughly  as  we  would  desire  would  result  in  developing  this  chapter  into  a  treatise 
on  mental  diseases,  which  is  here  obviously  impractical.  A  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  subject  of  psychopathology,  which  is  an  offshoot  of  medicine,  implies  not  only  a 
course  in  medicine  but  also  specialized  work  in  mental  diseases  in  the  clinic  and 
under  experts.  The  formidableness  of  the  subject,  however,  need  not  deter  us  from 
acquiring  a  certain  familiarity  with  its  ideas  and  terms,  which  will  enable  us  to 
follow  such  a  report  as  this  one  with  interest  and  a  certain  amount  of  insight. 

There  are  two  methods  of  approach  to  mental  diseases,  the  clinical  and  the  psy- 
chological. In  English-speaking  countries  the  clinical  method  of  approach  domi- 
nates, on  the  continent  the  psychological  method  dominates.  Both  groups  also  rely 
on  more  or  less  extended  periods  of  observation  of  their  cases.  This  is  true  of  cases 
of  suspected  feeble-mindedness  as  well  as  the  psychoses. 

In  the  feeble-minded  field  Binet  and  Simon  advanced  the  psychological  pro- 
cedure immeasurably  when  they  contributed  their  positive,  direct  method  of  testing, 
thus  doing  away  with  the  observation  and  field  work  system.  They  took  psycho- 
logical tests  already  in  use  in  this  field,  worked  up  others  and  combined  these  into 

—  28  — 


definite,  wcking,  evaluated  schema  which  permitted  securing  a  very  definite  evalu- 
ation of  certain  mental  factors  of  cases  within  an  hour,  thus  taking  the  tests  directly 
to  the  case. 

We  have  attempted  to  do  the  same  for  the  psychoses  and  feel  that  this  method 
will  be  as  successful  with  them  as  it  has  turned  out  to  be  with  the  feeble-minded, 
and  it  will  be  only  a  question  of  time  until  the  profession  would  as  soon  think  of 
committing  a  case  of  mental  disease  to  an  observation  hospital  for  days  and  weeks 
for  diagnosis  or  differential  diagnostic  purposes  as  they  would  think  of  carrying  on 
such  a  procedure  with  a  case  of  scarlet  fever  or  pneumonia,  even  though  today  some 
of  our  critics  say  it  takes  them  weeks  and  even  months  to  make  a  diagnosis  of 
mental  disease.  That  some  of  them,  however,  many  of  whom  have  little  or  no 
medical  or  psychiatrical  training,  ever  make  a  diagnosis  is  quite  remarkable. 

Cases  of  feeble-mindedness  and  psychopathy  run  true  to  form,  and  it  is  only 
necessary  to  analyze  and  know  the  kind  and  degree  of  defect  to  evaluate  their  past, 
present  and  future  behavior. 

Just  as  Binet  and  Simon  relied  on  tests  that  were  already  in  use  and  combined 
these  with  others  of  their  own  which  they  worked  up  into  groupings  with  a  definite 
purpose,  so  we,  too,  have  relied  on  many  tests  already  in  use  in  the  psychiatric 
clinics  and  worked  up  others  of  our  own,  based  on  well-established  existing  prin- 
ciples, which  enable  us  to  get  definite  analyses  of  certain  psychopathic  and  intelli- 
gence defects  and  their  degrees,  thus  enabling  us  to  reach  a  diagnosis  within  an 
hour  and  allowing  us  not  only  to  predict  with  practical  approximation  the  future 
behavior  of  such  cases,  but  also  to  know  what  their  past  has  been  like  and  also  the 
antecedent  and  ascendant  hereditary  possibilities.  As  an  example,  we  know  that  the 
average  reckless  gunman  is  a  boy  about  the  age  of  19,  with  an  intelligence  level  be- 
tween 10.5  and  12.0  years,  plus  dementia  prsecox,  etc. 

This  positive,  direct  method  of  mental  diagnosis  will  revolutionize  court 
procedure  along  these  lines.  It  will  add  an  important  element  of  concreteness  to 
the  hypothetical  question.  The  question  will  be  put  in  some  such  form  as  this, 
"Given  a  man  with  such  and  such  a  mental  make-up,  under  such  and  such  conditions, 
what  would  happen?" 

Of  course  in  all  our  research  work  we  have  evaluated  not  only  the  clinical  data 
wherever  present,  but  also  all  other  available  corroborative  data,  such  as  the  heredity 
of  antecedents  and  ascendants,  socio-economic  data,  etc. 

The  possibility  of  preparing  a  condensed  set  of  crucial,  dependable  and  workable 
"reconnaissance  tests"  for  the  detection  of  the  so-called  latent  cases  of  mental  de- 
fectiveness which  would  lead  to  their  recognition  with  sufficient  assurance  when 
they  could  be  turned  over  to  the  psychopathologist,  which  could  be  added  to  the 
armamcntarum  of  the  recruiting  surgeon,  school  teachers,  social  workers,  etc.,  was 
taken  up  by  us  in  co-operation  with  the  senior  medical  officer  of  one  of  the  Illinois 
National  Guard  units.  The  applicability  of  visual  memory  tests  along  the  lines 
developed  in  the  laboratory  in  this  respect  has  also  been  referred  to  in  an  article  on 
pfropfhebephrenia  and  dementia  praecox  in  relation  to  crime.  Such  a  problem  pre- 
sents many  difficulties.  The  outspoken  cases  of  intelligence  and  affective  defect  are 
easily  recognized  by  the  layman,  the  former  more  easily  than  the  latter,  and  present 
little  difficulty,  but  the  higher  and  lighter  grades  of  defect  respectively,  while 
relatively,  in  most  instances,  potentially  much  more  dangerous,  yet  are  not  so 
readily  detected  or  evaluated  as  such  by  the  inexperienced. 

—  89  — 


Sucli  tests  ciiniiol  be  reduced  below  a  certain  number,  and  even  the  simplest  of 
them  demand  a  certain  amount  of  technique  in  the  giving.  They  must  be  made  as 
objective  as  po-sible.  Their  final  interpretation  is  a  matter  for  the  psychopathologist. 
They  must  I)e  dependable  enough  to  unmask  all  cases. 

Our  experiment  did  not  receive  a  sufficiently  extended  practical  tryout  to  justify 
any  definite  conclusion,  on  account  of  the  abrupt  calling  out  of  the  troops  to  partici- 
pate in  the  mobilization  maneuvers  in  Texas  in  June,  1916,  but  as  far  as  we  went, 
justified  further  experimentation. 

Tile  positive  psychological  method  of  approach  has  opened  up  new  fields  and 
vistas  in  the  sphere  of  mental  defectiveness.  One  of  these  is  the  differentiation 
between  intelligence  defect  and  aflfective  defect,  and  their  various  combinations. 
Fecble-mindedness,  paresis,  senile  dementia,  etc.,  belong  primarily  to  the  first  cate- 
gory. The  majority  of  the  psychoses,  such  as  dementia  precox,  manic-depressive 
insanity,  belong  principally  to  the  second  category.  The  intelligence  level  plays  an 
influential  role  in  all  the  psychoses,  just  as  they  in  turn  react  on  the  intelligence.  It 
helps  materially  in  the  understanding  of  mental  defectiveness  to  keep  these  distinc- 
tions in  mind.  Our  intelligence  level  is  our  mental  capital  and  our  afTectivity  stands 
for  our  mental  enterprise,  credit,  etc.  Ordinarily  they  parallel  each  other,  though 
not  necessarily.  Where  we  have  combined  defect,  as  where  dementia  praecox  co- 
exists with  intelligence  defect,  it  is  called  pfropfhebephrenia.  Such  combination  is 
very  often  unrecognized  as  such,  the  case  being  taken  either  for  one  of  feeble- 
mindedness or  dementia  praecox,  depending  on  which  element  wras  most  conspicuous 
or  in  which  field  the  observer  was  most  at  home.  Since  both  conditions  are  heredi- 
tary and  constitutional  it  is  only  natural  to  suppose,  making  due  allowance  for 
phylogenetical  difference,  etc.,  that  the  entire  nervous  system  involving  both  spheres 
would  be  included  in  the  determining  underlying  process.  There  is  much  dementia 
pra?cox  overlooked  in  feeble-minded  institutions.  If  a  case  has  to  be  pried  off  a  chair 
to  get  him  to  move,  or  pried  out  of  a  bed  in  the  morning,  it  is  called  feeble-minded- 
ness  of  the  phlegmati"  type,  whereas  in  reality  it  is  a  case  of  dementia  praecox 
hebephrenia,  and  may  or  may  not  be  combined  with  intelligence  defect.  If,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  case  demolishes  the  furniture,  crockery,  etc.,  assaults  the  attendants 
and  others  about  him,  it  is  called  feeble-mindedness  of  the  erethric  form,  whereas  as 
a  matter  of  fact  it  is  dementia  prrecox  katatonia  (or  perhaps  better  dementia  praecox 
kataclonia),  combined  or  uncombined  with  intelligence  defect.  We  should  always 
remember  that  with  the  feeble-minded  their  emotional  reactions  do  not  differ  from 
the  normals,  except  insofar  as  their  place  is  reduced  within  narrower  bounds. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  many  cases  of  pfropfhebephrenia  have  been  mistaken 
for  cases  of  uncomplicated  dementia  praecox  with  secondary  dementia.  The  previ- 
ous history,  where  obtainable,  will  not  only  help  to  clear  this  up,  but  the  two  condi- 
tions give  both  quantitative  and  qualitative  reactions  on  the  intelligence  scale  and 
other  tests  which  are  quite  characteristic  and  helpful  for  differentiation. 

The  presence  of  a  pfropfhebephrenia  which  has  been  overlooked,  and  only  an 
uncomplicated  den-.cntia  praecox  supposed  to  exist,  may  explain  the  microscopic 
findings  of  atrophy  and  degenerative  changes  due  to  the  defect  of  the  intellect  found 
in  the  cortex  in  certain  cases.  Repeated  katatonic  attacks  are  also  conducive  to  such 
changes,  just  as  repeated  epileptic  attacks  are  also  supposed  to  be  responsible  for 
similar  alterations. 

The  right  and  wrong  test,  which  is  the  legal  criterion  of  mental  responsibility, 
was  promulgated  in  1843.     It  is  applicable  to  but  a  few  diseases,  and  these  must  be 

—  30  — 


in  such  outspoken  form  in  order  to  be  applicable  that  the  individual  is  incapable  of 
perpetrating  most  any  of  the  ordinary  crimes ;  therefore  this  law,  if  rigidly  inter- 
preted, nullifies  itself.  The  conditions  to  which  it  would  apply  would  be  those  in 
which  intelligence  defect  is  primarily  involved,  such  as  paresis,  senile  dementia, 
feeble-mindedness,  thereby  omitting  the  large  group  of  insanities  in  which  the 
affective  or  emotional  sphere  is  primarily  involved,  and  the  intellectual  only  sec- 
ondarily. Most  of  the  continental  criminal  codes  are  so  drawn  up  as  to  include  the 
affective  or  emotional  insanities. 

In  the  interrelationship  between  mental  defectiveness  and  crime,  certain  forms 
stand  out  more  prominently  than  others,  as,  for  instance,  feel^le-mindedness,  psycho- 
pathic constitution  and  dementia  pra^cox.  We  have  termed  the  latter  condition  the 
criminal  psychosis  par  excellence,  because  of  the  active  and  predominant  role  it 
plays  in  the  causation  of  crime — as  already  outlined  by  us  in  a  paper  entitled,  "The 
Relation  of  Pfropfhebephrenia  and  Dementia  Prsecox  to  Crime,"  read  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Alienists  and  Neurologists,  Chicago,  July  13,  1915,  and  published  in 
the  Illinois  Medical  Journal,  October,  1915 — and  because  of  its  very  nature,  which  is 
essentially  a  distortion  and  exaggeration  of  certain  of  the  primary  mental  processes, 
and  makes  of  it  a  criminal  psychosis  in  that  it  is  responsible  for  environmental  in- 
adaptability. 

Its  very  essence  makes  it  at  one  and  the  same  time  the  most  prolific  source  of 
disturbance  and  the  most  difficult  to  recognize,  two  ideas  very  hard  for  some  of  the 
laity  to  assimilate,  whereas  such  secondary  symptoms  as  hallucinations,  delusions, 
etc.,  which  are  crassly  unusual,  occurring  much  more  rarely,  are  easily  recognized 
by  them  when  outspoken. 

That  we  are  dealing  here  with  two  distinct  types  of  mental  abnormality,  which 
in  the  vast  majority  of  cases  are  hereditary,  constitutional  and  at  present  incurable, 
is  beyond  all  doubt  and  is  open  to  proof  to  any  one,  adequately  prepared  by  sufficient 
training  and  experience  in  clinic  and  institution,  in  medicir',  psychiatry,  neurology 
and  psychology,  who  cares  to  undertake  such  research.  Tliese  two  classes  readily 
fall  into  well-defined  and  well-recognized  types  of  mental  defectiveness ;  namely,  the 
Feeblc-Minded  and  the  Dementia  Pr?ecox  groups,  except  that  in  the  classes  under 
discussion  the  symptoms  are  not  so  clinically  externally  frank  that  it  manifests  itself 
in  such  a  positive  and  grotesque  manner  that  it  is  patent  to  all.  Our  feeble-minded 
institutions  have  been  peopled  until  quite  recently  practically  with  ^'liots,  imbeciles 
and  a  few  low  grade  morons.  High  grade  morons  were  present  in  relatively  in- 
significant percentages.  Among  idiots,  imbeciles  and  low  grade  morons  mental 
arrest  occurs  early  and  they  manifest  their  defect  betimes,  and  it  renders  them  so 
externally  evident  that  the  laity  cannot  help  marking  and  grasping  it.  But  with  the 
high  grade  morons,  while  they  are  as  potentially  defective  in  their  sphere  of  thinking 
and  doing,  it  is  not  so  outspoken  as  such,  and  to  the  comprehension  of  the  laity  is 
as  little  understood  as  the  relationship  between  outspoken  epileptic  attacks  and 
psychic  equivalents. 

The  higher  grade  of  psychopath  and  dementia  prrecox  is  to  the  low  grades  or 
outspoken  insanities  what  the  high  grade  feeble-minded,  the  moron,  is  to  the  lower 
grade  feeble-minded,  such  as  imbecile  and  idiot.  The  two  high  grade  divisions  have 
been  the  ,r  and  y  of  the  criminological  equation. 

We  see  the  determining  role  of  dementia  pra^cox  as  the  great  causative  factor, 
the  Icit  motif  of  crime,  even  where  there  is  no  intellectual  defect,  even  in  the  earliest 
years  of  childhood  before  quantitative  intellectual  arrest  has  taken  place   in  cases 

—  31  — 


tliat  will  eventually  show  this  defect  comhincd  with  dementia  priecox,  as  well  as  in 
cases  never  showing  intellectual  defect.  We  have  seen  cases  with  intelligence  levels 
ranging,  as  illustrations,  anywhere  from  a  low  grade  sociopath  to  average  intelli- 
gence, but  having  dementia  precox,  who  were  with  or  without  institutional  records 
(it  is  hard  to  find  a  pr.xcox  below  these  intelligence  levels  without  such  record) 
take  a  place  beside  normal  individuals,  living  under  the  same  environmental  condi- 
tions, and  the  prrecox  cases  can  be  invariably  depended  upon  to  turn  out  unsatis- 
factorily, even  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  in  numerous  instances  every  allowance  has 
been  made  for  them,  but  they  cannot  adjust  themselves.  It  might  be  called  the 
disease  or  condition  of  inadaptability;  it  can  well  be  regarded  as  the  criminal 
diathesis. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  many  cases  of  dementia  prscox  whose  symptoms  be- 
come patent  around  the  ages  of  17  or  18,  when  they  first  come  in  real  contact  with 
the  world,  and  get  their  first  taste  of  world  responsibility  and  all  it  demands,  are 
regarded  as  signs  of  a  delayed  puberty,  whereas  as  a  matter  of  fact  such  symptoms 
in  many  instances  are  katatonic  attacks  developing  under  stress  on  the  basis  of 
what  is  known  as  latent  dementia  praecox. 

Among  our  dementia  praecox  cases  most  of  the  secondary  dementia  that  we 
see  takes  place  after  repeated  katatonic  attacks,  just  as  we  find  dementia  setting 
in  in  epilepsy  where  the  attacks  are  numerous. 

We  are  encountering  other  psychoses  in  the  courts  as  well  as  those  just  enu- 
merated, but  in  relatively  much  smaller  proportions,  such  as  adult  and  juvenile 
paresis.  We  also  occasionally  find  a  case  of  paresis  florida,  or  galloping  paresis ; 
I.  e.,  a  rapid,  fulminating,  quickly  terminating  form  running  its  course  in  about 
six  months  and  resembling  in  this  respect  phthisis  florida.  Occasionally  we  en- 
counter a  manic-depressive  case,  mostly  of  the  hypomaniacal  or  hypomelancholiac 
types,  and  some  epileptics.  Paretics  are  constantly  finding  their  way  into  the  courts, 
but  in  much  smaller  numbers  than  the  praecox,  because  the  disease  is  recognized 
early,  though  not  as  early  as  it  should  be,  as  our  experience  in  the  court  with  cases 
whose  presence  there  is  due  to  this  disease  and  whose  crime  is  nothing  more  nor 
less  than  a  symptom  of  the  disease  constantly  reminds  us,  and  because  the  disease 
runs  a  rather  rapid  course  and  sooner  or  later  practically  incapacitates  its  victim, 
and  because  of  its  relative  infrequency  in  comparison  to  dementia  precox.  Out- 
side a  few  hypomaniacal  and  hypomelancholiac  cases,  manic-depressive  insanity  is 
quite  a  rarity  in  the  courts.  When  the  symptoms  are  at  all  evident  in  these  cases 
they  are  promptly  recognized  and  taken  care  of,  and  consequently  environmental 
conflict  is  anticipated  just  the  same  as  it  should  be  with  psychoses  equally  as  de- 
tei;minant  of  abnormal  behavior,  which  really  in  these  cases  constitute  their 
symptomatologj-,  even  though  the  symptoms  are  not  so  crass  and  bizarre  according 
to  the  popular  conception  of  the  layman's  lunatic.  As  a  rule,  during  the  depressed 
stage  these  cases  are  so  inhibited  that  they  lack  all  initiative  to  commit  crime, 
though  on  occasion  they  suicide.  The  outspoken  maniacal  stage  is  promptly  recog- 
nized and  the  case  confined.  We  see  a  few  epileptics,  mostly  in  the  Boys  and  Morals 
courts  and  outside  criminal  branches,  charged  with  sex  crimes,  principally  exhibi- 
tionism. However,  most  of  our  epileptics  in  the  court  show  other  psychopathic 
conditions  such  as  fceble-mindedness,  dementia  pra^cox,  psychopathy,  etc. 

We  have  gone  to  the  highest  international  authorities  we  could  find  for  our 
guides  in  the  field  of  psychopathology.  On  tlie  subject  of  the  Psychopathic  Consti- 
tution we  have  followed  in  substance  Ziehen ;  on  that  of  Dementia  Prrccox.  Bleuler, 

—  32  — 


and  in  the  remaining  psyciioses  and  classifications,  Kraepelin.  In  feeble-mindedness 
we  have  relied  on  various  American,  English,  French  and  other  continental  writers 
and  authorities.  A  writer's  status  in  this  field  can  be  estimated  from  the  discrimi- 
nation he  uses  in  his  quotation  of  authors  and  authorities. 

Since  the  psychopathic  constitution  and  dementia  praccox,  either  alone  or  com- 
bined with  feeble-mindedness,  are  the  two  principal  psychoses  that  we  find  under- 
lying delinquency,  to  say  nothing  of  their  responsibility  for  much  of  the  friction  of 
our  daily  lives,  and  since  the  text  books  of  the  above  mentioned  authors  have  as 
yet  not  been  translated  into  English,  we  have  undertaken  to  fill  this  gap  at  least 
partially  in  the  matter  of  definition  of  the  above  as  laid  down  by  these  authorities 
in  their  respective  fields. 

Professor  Ziehen  defines  the   Psychopathic  Constitution^  as   follows : 

"Under  the  designation  psychopathic  constitution  is  included  in  the  vast 
majority  of  instances  chronic,  psychopathic  conditions,  which  in  their  symptoma- 
tology and  course  not  only  involve  defect  of  the  affectivity  but  also  of  the  intelli- 
gence, even  though  pronounced  psychopathic  symptoms,  such  as  delusions,  halluci- 
nations, etc.,  do  not  intrude  for  any  extended  period.  Where  hallucinations  and 
analogous  symptoms  do  appear  they  are  solitary  and  the  patient  retains  insight 
into  the  condition.  At  the  same  time  it  should  be  appreciated  that  not  infre- 
quently the  psychopathic  constitution  furnishes  the  soil  for  fully  developed  psychoses 
such  as  melancholia,  mania,  paranoia,  etc. 

"A  common  characteristic  of  the  psychopathic  constitution  appears  also  to 
be  the  relative  frequency  and  variety  of  accompanying  neuropathic  symptoms. 
Regarding  this,  the  designation  psychoneuroses  might  be  applicable  here  even 
though  it  has  been  used  heretofore  in  a  much  different  sense." 

He  then  subdivides  the  psychopathic  constitution  into  the  following  groups, 
the  respective  designations  of  which  are  fairly  descriptive,  and  includes  in  each 
case,  except  two  subordinate  types,  a  discussion  of  the  mental  and  physical  symp- 
toms, course,  issue,  and  prognosis,  varieties  and  transitions,  etiology,  diagnosis, 
therapy,  pathological  anatomy  and  pathology.  The  following  is  his  classification 
of  the  varieties  of  psychopathic  constitution:  I.  Neurasthenic;  neurasthenia. 
II.  Hysterical.  III.  Epileptic.  IV.  Two  subordinate  forms,  the  choreic  and  one 
peculiar  to  Basedow's  disease  that  'sometimes  is  encountered.  V.  Hereditary- 
degenerative.    VI.   Traumatic.     VII.   Toxic. 

In  general  terms,  dementia  praecox  may  be  regarded  as  an  active  instigator, 
in  contrast  to  feeble-mindedness,  which  might  be  regarded  as  a  passive  instigator 
of  crime.  A  defective  intelligence  is  a  misfortune;  a  defective  affectivity  a  calamity, 
and  a  defective  intelligence  and  affectivity  a  catastrophe.  When  the  story  of 
dementia  praecox  is  finally  written,  it  will  be  seen  to  have  been  at  the  bottom  of, 
potential  to,  not  only  the  criminal  situation  but  also  to  much  of  our  civil,  commer- 
cial and  social  disturbances.  Where  there  is  any  apparent  or  real  overlapping  of 
the  definition  of  the  psychopathic  constitution  with  that  of  dementia  prascox  on  the 
one  side  and  with  manic-depressive  insanity  on  the  other,  we  have  been  disposed, 
through  our  study  of  the  matter  and  our  experience,  to  decide  for  dementia  precox. 
The  brain,  like  other  organs  of  the  body,  is  made  up  of  cells,  connective  tissue, 
blood  and  lymph  supply,  etc,  peculiar  to  itself  just  like  the  other  organs,  and  like 
them  has  many  symptoms  but  few  diseases.  There  are  many  mental  symptoms 
still  classified  as  diseases,  due  to  the  descriptive  level  of  thinking  more  or  less  innate 

'Prof.  Th,  Ziehen:     Psychiatric,  4th  Ed.,  1911. 

—  33  — 


...  ihc  clinical  .nctl.od  ..t  approach,  just  as  has  been  the  case  with  other  organs  of 
he  o  ly  u  i  heir  structure,  functions,  and  pathology  becan^e  better  known. 
The  grm-ping  of  various  sympton^s  according  to  their  fundamental  underbnng 
ps'-hoUical  basis,  as  in  dementia  prxcox,  was  one  of  the  great  contributions 
of  Kraci.elin  and  Rlculcr  to  the  service  of  psychiatry. 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  we  cannot  give  a  more  extensive  translation  of 
nieuler's  work,  as  the  discussion  in  it  of  the  various  symptoms  and  under  ying 
ns ydiopathy  is  most  elucidating.  Psychiatry  has  developed  to  such  proportions 
that  no  individual  will  be  able  to  write  a  systematic  treatise  in  the  future,  as  has 
been  done  in  the  past,  as,  for  instance,  by  Kraepelin,  and  we  will  therefore  hence- 
forth have  to  depend  on  monographs  covering  the  various  subjects  for  our  texts. 
Bleulcr  savs  that  the  knowledge  we  possess  of  the  group  of  diseases  included  in 
the  definition  of  dementia  pra-cox  is  still  too  recent  to  allow  of  a  competed  all- 
round  treatment.  He  acknowledges  psychiatry's  indebtedness  to  Kraepelin,  from 
whom  the  entire  idea  of  dementia  precox  is  derived,  and  also  its  indebtedness  to 
Freud  for  his  contributions  toward  further  development  in  psychopathology,  and 
his  assistants  Riklin,  Abraham  and  Jung  at  Burghoelzh. 

The  following  definition  and  subject  matter  are  translated  from  Professor 
H  Bleuler's  monograph  entitled,  "Dementia  Prascox,"  or  "Die  Gruppe  der  Schizo- 
phrcnien,"'  one  of  the  series  of  monographs  on  the  various  mental  diseases  issued 
in  "Das  Ilandbuch  der  Psychiatrie." 

"The  designation  dementia  prcTCOx  or  Schizophrenia  represents  a  psychopathic 
group,  whose  progress  is  sometimes  chronic,  sometimes  acute ;  may  come  to  a  stand- 
still at  any  time  or  regress,  though  hardly  ever  to  complete  restitutio  ad  integrum. 
The  disease  is  characterized  by  alterations  of  a  specific  nature  in  the  thinking  and 
feeling  of  the  case  and  his  relation  to  his  environment  not  found  elsewhere.  Every 
case  exhibits  a  more  or  less  outspoken  cleavage  of  the  psychical  functions;'  if  the 
disease  is  pronounced  the  unity  of  the  personality  is  lost;  so  that  it  is  represented 
sometimes  by  this,  sometimes  by  that  psychical  komplex.=  There  is  an  insufficiency 
or  a  direct  failure  in  the  reciprocal  controlling  relationship  between  the  various 
complexes  and  tendencies;  the  flow  of  psychical  complexes  do  not  join  any  more 
as  under  normal  conditions  to  a  conglomerate  of  tendencies  with  unitary  results. 
but  instead  some  komplex,  for  the  time  being,  will  dominate  the  personality,  while 
at  the  same  time  other  idea-  or  tendency-groups  become  split  off  or  sidetracked 
and  are  consequently  entirely  or  partially  neutralized.  Often  the  ideas  are  only 
fragmentary,  fragments  of  ideas  being  wrongly  combined  to  form  new  ideas.  Even 
conceptions  lose  their  completeness,  lacking  one  or  several,  often  essential  compo- 
nents, and  in  many  instances  are  only  represented  by  separate  partial  ideas. 

"The  association  process  is  often  directed  only  through  fragments  of  ideas  and 
concepts,  and  as  a  consequence  they  are  not  only  incorrect  but  somewhat  bizarre, 
and  for  normals  the  unexpected  and  unusual.  Very  often  association  breaks 
suddenly  off  in  the  middle  of  a  thought,  or  in  associations  with  other  thoughts,  at 
least  so  far  as  it  comes  to  consciousness  (Sperrung — blocking-stasis)  ;  instead  of 
continuity  of  the  association  we  find  other  new  ideas  emerging  which  neither  the 

'Hence  the  name  Schizophrenia. 

'Bleuler  defines  n  Kompiex  as  an  abbreviated  expression  or  symbol  for  a  complex 
or  constellation  of  ideas  which  is  so  strongly  affect  possessed  or  saturated  that  it  ex- 
erts a  lasting  influence  on  the  contents  of  the  psychical  processes.  As  a  concomitant 
of  the  normal  Influence  of  the  affectivlty  on  the  association  processes,  even  among 
normals,  a  Komplex  shows  a  definite  tendency  to  delimit  itself,  to  acquire  independence; 
to  become  a  resistant  structure  within  the  stream  of  changing  ideas. 

--34  — 


patient  liimself  nor  the  observer  can  consciously  hitch  up  with  the  previous  associa- 
tions. 

"Primary  disturbances  of  the  perception,  orientation  and  memory  are  not  dis- 
coverable. 

"In  the  most  pronounced  cases  expressions  of  feeling  are  no  more  to  be  ob- 
served. In  lighter  cases  the  only  impression  is  the  discrepancy  in  the  degree  of 
reaction  to  varous  occurrences ;  and,  in  addition,  the  feeling  reaction  can  vary  in 
intensity  from  one  extreme  to  the  other ;  in  the  one  case  there  will  be  complete 
absence,  in  the  other  an  exaggerated  reaction.  The  reaction  may  also  show  qualita- 
tive abnormalities  as  exemplified  by  inadequate  reaction  to  the  intellectual 
processses. 

"In  addition  to  the  above  described  signs  of  impairment,  in  the  majority  of 
institution  cases,  other  symptoms  develop,  as,  for  example,  hallucinations  and  delu- 
sions, confusion,  stupor,  fluctuations  of  the  affectivity,  maniacal  or  melancholic  and 
katatonic  symptoms.  Many  of  these  accessory  symptoms  and  symptom-complexes 
bear  a  specific  schizophrenic  character,  and  as  a  consequence,  when  present,  help 
towards  a  diagnosis  of  the  disease.  There  are  many  cases  at  large  in  which  the 
accessory  syndromes  have  retroceded  or  entirely  failed. 

"Dementia  prxcox  has  received  the  following  preliminary  classification  into  four 
groups : 

"1.  Paranoid,  in  which  hallucinations,  delusions  or  both  are  at  all  times 
conspicuous. 

"2.  Katatonia,  in  which  katatonic  symptoms  are  continuously  or  at  least  for 
extended  periods  conspicuous. 

"3.  Hebephrenia,  in  which  accessory  symptoms  appear  without  persistently 
dominating. 

"4.  Simple  Schizophrenia,  in  which  during  its  whole  course  only  the  basic 
symptoms  are  determinable. 

"Concerning  *  *  *  manic-depressive  insanity  and  Iiysteria,  and  in  a  certain 
sense  perhaps  also  paranoia,  we  are  only  acquainted  so  far  with  symptoms  that 
may  also  appear  in  dementia  pra;cox.  The  differentiation  of  these  psychoses  from 
dementia  pr^ccox  rests  only  in  a  plus  on  the  side  of  the  latter.  All  other  psycho- 
pathic conditions  have  their  specific  symptoms  w^hich  are  not  found  in  cases  of 
dementia  prsecox.  The  fundamental  symptoms  are,  so  far  as  we  know,  characteristic 
for  dementia  praecox,  while  the  accessory  symptoms  may  also  be  present  in  other 
psychoses,  though  even  here  one  can  discover  peculiarities  in  the  genesis  or  the 
manifestation  of  a  symptom  which  is  characteristically  schizophrenic,  and  it  is 
most  proliable,  as  our  experience  grows,  that  we  will  be  able  to  discover  this 
characteristic  in  a  large  number  of  the  accessory  symptoms. 

"It  is  quite  obvious  that  in  describing  the  symptomatology  tliat  only  outspoken 
cases  can  be  taken  as  examples,  but  at  the  same  time  it  is  important  to  bear  in  mind 
that  cases  exist  of  all  gradations  up  to  normal,  and  that  the  lighter,  the  latent 
schizophrenia  cases  are  much  more  numerous  than  the  outspoken.  On  account  of 
the  great  fluctuations  one  finds  in  schizophrenia  one  should  not  depend  upon  finding 
all  symptoms  at  all  times." 

Diagnosis 

"In  outspoken  cases  of  schizophrenia  the  diagnosis  is  very  easy,  but  in  the  less 
advanced  forms  it  offers  more  practical  difficulties  than  most  any  other  psychosis. 

"Here,  as   in   every  other  disease,   symptoms   must  attain   a  certain   degree   of 

—■36  — 


inlcHMty  Lcfur.  tl.cy  can  l.c  turned  t..  clia«nu.lic  account.  At  all  events,  however, 
even  in  the  linhtor  schizoi-hrcnic  cases  there  is  to  be  found  in  the  foreground  a 
quantity  of  manifestations  showing  marked  fluctuations  within  those  boundaries, 
which  if  not  regarded  as  normal,  yet  not  as  lunacy.  Character  changes,  apathy  or 
indilTc'rencc.  inertia,  incompatibility,  obstinacy,  capriciousness,  whimsicalness, 
hypochondriacal  complaints,  etc.,  are  not  necessarily  symptoms  of  a  well-defined 
in-^anily.  yet.  nevertheless,  they  are  very  often  the  only  visible  signs  of  the  presence 
of  schizophrenia.  As  a  result  there  is  no  disease  in  which  the  diagnostic  threshold 
is  so  high  and  latent  cases  so  universal. 

"Given  a  case  of  insanity  the  diagnosis  of  schizophrenia  presents  further  diffi- 
culties. Only  certain  psychotic  symptoms  are  applicable  in  its  recognition,  and 
these  also  in  turn  present  a  very  high  characteristic  diagnostic  threshold.  Mania 
and  depression  may  accompany  any  psychosis;  flight  of  ideas,  mental  stasis,  and, 
insofar  as  they  do  not  bear  specific  qualities,  hallucinations  and  delusions  may 
participate  in  a  wide  range  of  diseases.  They  serve  often  only  to  assist  in  the 
diagnosis  of  a  psychosis,  but  not  to  the  diagnosis  of  schizophrenia. 

"The  symptoms  peculiar  to  schizophrenia,  insofar  as  they  have  as  yet  been  de- 
scribed, are  not  novel,  as  for  example,  a  hallucination  or  speech  disturbance  of 
dementia  paralytica.    They  are  distortions  and  exaggerations  of  normal  processes.' 

"Taken  by  themselves,  individual  symptoms  are  of  less  importance  than  their 
intensity  and  extensity  and  above  all  their  relationship  to  their  psychological 
surroundings. 

"In  the  entanglement  of  psychical  pathways  there  are  many  of  them  that  lead 
to  the  same  end.  While,  for  example,  a  person,  during  a  tiresome  lecture  or 
discussion,  scribbling  stereotyped  scrolls  or  flourishes  on  paper  lying  at  hand, 
would  have  no  pathological  significance,  such  designs  under  other  circumstances, 
as  for  example,  when  inscribed  within  a  momentous  letter,  are  of  themselves  suffi- 
cient to  establish  a  diagnosis  of  schizophrenia. 

"Many  individuals  appear  to  be  outwardly  indiflferent  while  preoccupied  with 
this  or  that  thought  and  while  the  komplexes  with  their  corresponding  aflfectivity 
still  persist  when  their  thoughts  shift  to  other  things,  the  feeling-reaction,  however, 
permits  of  being  called  forth  when  it  is  possible  to  direct  their  interest  to  other 
themes.  Furthermore,  a  reserved  or  taciturn  character  or  an  individual  who  has 
been  schooled  in  the  direction  of  an  exaggerated  and  intensified  suppression  of  ex- 
pression of  the  emotions  (Americans,  Japanese)  may  simulate  such  indiflference. 
Consequently,  throughout  the  following  discussions  the  reader  must  constantly  bear 
these  innumerable  possibilities  in  mind,  without  having  to  be  constantly  reminded 
each  time  that  it  is  the  accompanying  circumstances,  the  entire  psychic  constella- 
tion, that  stamps  it  for  what  it  is. 

"It  is  especially  important  to  remember  that  many  normal  processes  may  take 
on  a  schizophrenic  appearance  conditioned  by  an  affect,  or  that  much  may  occur  on 
the  periphery  of  our  attention,  or  in  our  day  and  night  dreams  which  are  identical 
with  schizophrenic  associaton  disturbance  and  stereotypy ;  as  a  consequence,  for 
example,  in  a  condition  of  excitement  such  symptoms  as  stasis  of  ideas,  confounding 
of  symbols  with  the  reality,  alteration  of  personality  (transitivismus),  neologisms, 
are  only  of  special  diagnostic  value  when  they  are  quite  outspoken.     Should,  how- 

'He  adds  the  following  foot  note:  "I  hope,  at  all  events,  that  the  necessity  of 
differentiating  the  schizojihrenic  rupture  or  cleavage  of  ideas  and  perhaps  also  that  of 
the  general  association  processes  from  similar  appearance  occurring  outside  the  field  of 
normal  active  attention  will  some  day  be  appreciated  and  grasped." 

—  36  — 


ever,  such  symptoms  occur  during  periods  of  calm  and  collected  consciousness,  and 
all  the  accompanying  circumstances  have  been  carefully  evaluated,  so  then  can  the 
diagnosis  be  made  on  the  strength  of  any  one  such  symptom.  The  more  calm  and 
collected  a  patient  is  the  less  ground  is  there  for  the  presence  of  an  aflfect  reaction 
and  consequently  the  lighter  the  grade  of  the  symptom  necessary  to  occasion  the 
diagnosis  of  schizophrenia.  The  same  is  true  in  differential  diagnoses.  Epileptics 
may  symbolize,  confound  concepts  such  as  man  and  woman,  produce  neologisms, 
but  only  when  in  a  state  of  mental  confusion.  Hysterics  may  exhibit  a  marked 
constraint  of  affectivity,  but  only  under  the  direct  spell  of  a  komplex.  Patients  of 
all  kinds,  as  well  as  the  healthy,  can  talk  away  from  an  issue  when  the  occasion 
demands  (vorbeireden).  Only  schizophrenics  exhibit  this  symptom  under  other 
conditions. 

"Significant  for  diagnosis  is  often  the  generalization  of  the  symptoms.  The 
mental  stasis  which  a  normal  has,  when  it  is  not  an  emotional  stupor,  only  involves 
the  things  in  particular  in  which  there  is  an  affective  accentuation.  The  schizo- 
phrenic extends  the  stasis  to  all  other  possible  ideas,  and  in  marked  cases  there  may 
be  a  lasting  blocking  of  the  entire  psyche.  Confused  concepts  and  ideas,  as  well  as 
logical  failures,  may  be  committed  by  any  one  upon  occasion,  especially  if  in  a  condi- 
tion out  of  the  ordinary,  such  as  in  exhaustion  or  in  an  affective  state.  The  confu- 
sion, however,  would  come  and  go  with  its  provocation,  while  with  the  schizophrenic 
it  can  make  itself  independent  of  any  such  circumstances. 

"The  schizophrenic  symptoms  need  not  necessarily  be  present  every  moment. 
Of  all  m.ental  diseases  schizophrenia  is  the  one  offering  the  least  prospect  in  which 
this  or  that  definite  symptom  can  be  found  in  this  or  that  time.  Even  in  advanced 
cases,  customarily  appearing  completely  imbecile,  it  may  not  be  possible  in  any 
particular  moment  to  demonstrate  the  emotional  disturbance  nor  the  characteristic 
association  changes.  Not  once  in  a  thorough  extensive  examination  might  one  be 
able  in  every  case  to  make  an  absolute  diagnosis. 

"It  is  obvious  that  cases  in  which  the  disease  came  to  a  standstill  in  the  earlier 
stages  will  be  ordinarily  overlooked  by  the  laity  and  psychiatrists.  One  bickers  away 
a  lifetime  with  a  schizophrenic  housewife.  One  finds  every  possible  penalty  provided 
for  incorrigible  sons,  or  if  one  attempts  to  apply  constraint  it  is  frustrated  because 
the  examining  physician  cannot  certify  to  an  insanity,  or  if  he  does  at  times  the 
asylum  director  will  return  the  case  to  the  despairing  parents  as  sound  or  cured ;  as 
hysterics  or  much  preferably  neurasthenics  they  are  put  through  all  possible  cures 
and  sanitaria  until  the  means  of  the  relatives  are  totally  exhausted ;  such  cases  arc 
received  in  the  hospitals  and  their  hallucinated  parturient  pains  are  diagnosed  as  a 
floating  kidney;  some  gynecological  deviation  from  the  stereotyped  form  of  the 
books  will  be  regarded  as  the  cause  of  the  trouble  and  local  pelvic  treatment  insti- 
tuted ;  the  cases  are  turned  over  to  the  police  and  the  courts,  the  most  inappropriate 
disposition  possible;  they  are  taken  earnestly  and  assisted  in  the  organization  of 
societies  against  this  or  that  social  evil  discovered  by  themselves  or  others,  and 
similarly  much  more  along  these  lines  is  perpetrated  under  various  guises  that  had 
much  better  been  left  undone. 

"Such  occurrences  cannot  be  expected  to  be  anticipated  in  every  case,  but  can 
be  at  least  reduced  to  a  minimum  if  more  thought  and  attention  on  the  possibility 
of  the  existence  of  one  of  the  lighter  grade  of  schizophrenia  be  borne  in  mind, 
and  an  effort  made  to  study  and  familiarize  oneself  with  its  symptomatology. 

—  37  — 


■  111  (irtaiii  cases  cnidtioiial  cxcitcnuiU  may  act  as  a  reagent  to  make  latent 
symptoms  manifest;  in  fact,  there  are  certain-cases  that  only  exhibit  disturbances 
of  association,  and  afTectivity,  neologisms,  and  the  rest,  when  in  such  a  condition. 
Alcohol  also  many  times  may  have  the  same  effect  and  provoke  a  typical  schizo- 
phrenic oiitl)rcak  which,  under  certain  conditions,  may  persist  long  after  the  alco- 
holic intoxication  has  disappeared.  However,  neither  one  of  the  above  reagents 
is  effect ivo  in  all  cases  and  furthermore  for  obvious  reasons  not  to  be  recom- 
mended either  as  such,  experimentally. 

"Nevertheless,  it  is  not  so  impracticable  as  it  would  appear  from  Kraepelin 
([.ehrbuch  der  Psychiatric,  II.  Bd.,  S.  271),  that  there  is  not  a  single  symptom  of 
itself  that  is  pathognomonic  for  differential  diagnosis.  The  association  disturb- 
ances, elsewhere  described,  and  likewise  the  character  of  the  hallucinations,  are 
characteristic  and  sufficient  for  a  positive  diagnosis.  A  general  hemmed-in  emo- 
tionality is  of  equal  value. 

".'\t  all  events,  it  must  be  emphasized  that  a  period  of  from  ten  to  twenty 
years,  with  relatively  few  observers,  is  not  sufficient  in  which  to  establish  an  opinion 
with  absolute  assurance  in  all  details.  It  may  be  possible  that  some  day,  one  or 
another  of  the  symptoms  that  we  now  only  ascribe  to  schizophrenia  may  in  rare 
instances  be  associated  with  other  psychoses.'  Furthermore,  our  knowledge-  of  the 
psychoses  still  has  its  limitations  and  as  a  consequence  the  delimitation  of  schizo- 
phrenia in  the  direction  of  the  indefinite  sjTnptom  komplexes  must  of  necessity  be 
one-sided  as  well  as  provisory  in  character. '  These  limitations  in  the  present  state 
of  our  knowledge  must  be  borne  in  mind  in  the  matter  of  diagnostic  symptoma- 
tology. 

"If  one  is  content  to  trust  to  probabilities  he  will  find  it  the  rule  that  the  vast 
majority  of  doubtful  cases,  if  they  are  under  observation  for  a  period  of  years, 
will  turn  out  to  be  schizophrenics.  The  anamnesia  discloses  in  a  high  percentage 
of  cases  sufficient  grounds  for  diagnoses  which  the  accounts  of  the  relatives  permit 
with  absolute  assurance  to  be  recognized  as  schizophrenia.  The  behavior  of  many 
of  our  cases  is  so  markedly  characteristic  that  it  can  be  described  by  the  laity  with 
fidelity. 

"Important  are  the  character  alterations.  A  young  man  who  has  become 
'changed'  is  in  the  majority  of  cases  mentally  alienated,  and  what  is  more,  is  most 
probably  a  schizophrenic."  Of  just  what  degree  of  outspokenness  the  various 
symptoms  must  be  in  order  to  establish  a  diagnosis  of  schizophrenia  is  difficult  of 
description.  We  have  really  no  objective  grade  measure  for  the  complicated  mental 
processes.  We  must  therefore  depend  on  experience  and  above  all  on  the  careful 
evaluation  of  the  attendant  circumstances. 


'This  may  well  be  the  case  with  many  symptoms  that  at  present  do  not  of  neces- 
sity determine  the  diagnoses  of  schizophrenia,  but  which  nevertheless  are  of  frequent 
occurrence  here  and  not  in  other  psychoses.  It  is  even  possible  that  sometimes  a  case 
other  than  schizophrenia  may  be  found  with  preponderating  hallucinations  of  hearing 
and  of  the  organs  of  the  body,  and  a  composed  hebephrenic  with  preponderance  of 
visual  and  tactile  hallucinations,  though  as  a  matter  of  fact,  so  far  we  have  only  come 
to  learn  the  reverse  to  be  the  case  from  our  experience. 

Jill  '^'°#-^  *°  be  regarded  as  such  character  changes,  for  example,  would  be  the  pecca- 
(linos  of  a  weakhng  when  transferred  to  a  new  environment,  whose  conduct  had  been 
exoniplary  under  the  protecting  wings  of  his  parents,  or  when  the  reverse  takes  place. 
Similarly,  it  is  not  to  be  regarded  as  a  change  of  character  when  an  individual  beset 
by  two  comiicting  impulses,  first  one  and  then  the  other,  depending  on  internal  or  ex- 
ternal conditions,  wins  the  ascendancy,  which  has  the  appearance  of  a  conversion  or  a 
horrible  example  of  a  fall  from  grace.  If  one  guards  oneself  from  such  misunder- 
standings, character  changes  become  importantly  significant. 

—  38  — 


"Should  the  intensity  of  a  symptom  justify  in  general  the  diagnosis  of  a 
psychosis,  so  is  one  able,  when  it  is  of  specific  significance,  as  a  rule,  to  apply  it  as 
a  help  towards  differentiating  the  psychosis."' 

Bleuler  schematizes  the  condition  into  basic  and  accessory  symptoms. 

The    Basic    Symptoms 

"The  basic  symptoms  arise  through  the  schizophrenic  disturbances  of  the  asso- 
ciation processes  and  the  aflfectivity,  and  through  the  tendency  to  substitute  one's 
own  phantasy  for  the  reality  and  to  withdraw  from  the  latter  (autismus).  .A.s 
further  diagnostic  signs,  diagnosis  by  exclusion,  might  be  added  the  absence  of 
primary  disturbances,  for  example  of  the  perception,  orientation,  memory,  etc., 
which  play  an  important  role  in  certain  other  mental  diseases. 


^(a)    Altered      ele- 
mentary func- 


The  elementary  V 
functions. 


(b) 


tions. 


Intact 
tions. 


func' 


J    TTT 


III. 

IV. 
V. 


The  association  processes. 
The  aflfectivity. 

The     ambivalence.       (Paradoxical 
character.) 


Sensations  and  perceptions. 

Orientation. 

Memory. 

Apperception. 

Primary  psycho-motor  activity. 


B.     The  combined  functions.     < 


I.  The  autismus. 

II.  Attention. 

III.  The  will. 

IV.  The  personality. 

V.  Schizophrenic  dementia. 

\'^I.  Behavior. 


"The  combined  functions,  attention,  intelligence,  will,  psycho-motor  activity,  the 
resultant  of  the  combination  of  the  preceding  functions,  are  naturally  disturbed  inso- 
far as  the  underlying  elementary  functions,  of  which  only  the  association  and  afTec- 
tivity  are  here  involved,  are  themselves  disturbed.  Most  important  and  a  character- 
istic schizophrenic  alteration  is  that  involved  in  the  disturbance  of  the  equilibrium 
between  the  subjective  and  objective,  between  the  inner  life  and  outer  world.  The 
inner  life  assumes  a  diseased  preponderance  over  the  outer  (autismus). 

The  Accessory  Symptoms 

"It  is  not  often  that  the  basic  symptoms  are  so  outspokenly  developed  that  they 
land  their  victim  in  an  asylum.  It  is  the  accessory  symptoms  that  first  render  his 
remaining  in  the  family  impossible,  or  it  is  through  their  manifestations  that  recogni- 
tion takes  place,  as  well  as  the  seeking  of  psychiatrical  help.  They  can  be  manifest 
tiiroughout  the  whole  course  of  the  disease  or  only  appear  now  and  then.  They 
imprint  themselves  mostly  as  the  outward  stamp  of  the  disease  picture,  and  as  a 
consequence  investigators  previous  to  Kraepelin  believed  themselves  to  be  able, 
exclusively,  according  to  these  symptoms  and  their  groupings,  to  delineate  separate 
diseases. 


3U 


The  mure  familiar  of  the  accessory  symptoms  arc  the  hallucinations  and  delu- 
sions; in  additiiin  to  these,  but  having  found  relatively  little  consideration,  are  the 
disturbances  of  memory  and  the  alterations  of  personality,  speech,  writing,  and  a 
number  of  psychophysical  functions  which  are  found  many  times  to  be  disordered 
in  the  most  irregular  but  typical  manner.  A  special  group  of  symptoms  since  Kahl- 
baum  have  been  grouped  together  under  the  designation  of  katatonic  symptoms.  All 
of  these  disturbances  may  be  either  transitory  in  character  or  permanent.  In  addi- 
tion to  these,  however,  there  are  definite,  acute  symptom-komplexes  made  up  of 
combinations  of  symptoms  already  mentioned  as  well  as  others,  which  give  the 
appearance  of  being  acute,  independent  psychoses;  for  us,  however,  they  simply 
represent  episodes  or  exacerbations  arising  in  the  course  of  a  chronic  diseajse. 


Accessory 
symptoms 


I.    Illusions,  hallucinations. 
II.     Delusions. 

III.  The  accessory  memory  disturbances. 

IV.  The  ego. 

V.     Speech  and  writing. 
VI.     Bodily  symptoms. 
VII.     Katatonic  symptoms — 

(a)  Katalepsy. 

(b)  Stupor. 

(c)  Hyperkinetic. 

(d)  Stereotypy. 


Mannerisms. 

Negativism. 

Command  automatism  and  echopraxia. 

Automatisms. 
,  ,      Impulsivity. 
VIII.     Acute  syndromes — 

(a)     Melancholic  state. 

Maniacal  state. 

Katatonic  state. 

Delusional  state. 

Absence — day-dream  states  (Ddmmersustdnde) . 

Lethargic  state. 

Confusion,  incoherence. 

Attacks  of  rage. 

Anniversary  outbreaks. 

Stupor. 

Delirium. 

Fugues,  disappearing. 

Dipsomania. 


(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(h) 
(i) 


(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
(e) 
(f) 
(g) 
(h) 
(i) 
(J) 
(k) 
(1) 
(m) 


The  Will 

Bleuler,  in  discussing  the  will,  says :  "The  will,  the  resultant  of  all  the  various 
affective  and  associative  processes,  is  naturally  correspondingly  disordered  in  the 
greatest  diversity  of  ways  when  the  above  processes  are  disordered,  above  all 
through  supineness  of  the  feelings,  affective  inertia  or  insufficiency. 

_  "Even  cases  with  lighter"  disturbances  of  the  will  find  themselves,  on  account  of 
their  abulia,  not  infrequently  in  conflict  with  their  environment.  The  victims  of 
this  condition  appear  lazy  and  careless,  since  they  have  no  further  disposition  to 
undertake  anything  either  of  their  own  initiative  or  at  the  command  of  others. 
They  may  lie  in  bed  by  the  year,  or  if,  as  in  the  lighter  cases,  they  should  have 
Nnshes  and  desires,  they  do  nothing  towards  the  realization  of  them.    In  contrast  to 


40  — 


this  we  also  encounter  the  other  form  of  weakness  of  the  will,  of  volitional  inertia 
characterized  by  an  inability  of  its  victims  to  resist  impulses  originating  either  from 
within  or  without  to  satisfy  their  desires  or  fancies  which  many  do  instanter,  some 
without  any  reflection  as  to  the  consequences,  some  with  full  insight  into  the  conse- 
quences, but  through  lack  of  resistance,  through  inability  to  strive  against  them, 
through  supineness  and  indifference  regarding  such  consequences.*  With  such 
afifectivity  they  are  capable  of  anj^thing,  not  excepting  serious  crimes. 

"Under  certain  circumstances,  however,  one  could  speak  expressly  of  a  hyper- 
bulia.  Here  the  victims  carry  out  with  the  greatest  energy  whatever  they  have  set 
their  minds  on,  be  it  something  rational  or  something  irrational.  They  can  then, 
under  such  conditions,  regardless  of  self,  exert  themselves  to  extremes,  endure  every 
kind  of  pain  and  injury  and  allow  nothing  to  dissuade  them  from  their  purpose. 
Such  cases  can  show  a  persistence  under  certain  circumstances  that  will  continue 
for  years. 

Again  one  sees  frequently  the  otherwise  customary  combination  of  weakness  of 
the  wilP  with  obstinacy  in  which,  under  certain  conditions,  the  one  or  the  other 
factor  obtains  the  ascendancy.  In  general  most  of  the  victims  appear  capricious, 
vacillating.  They  promise  everything  possible,  fulfill  nothing.  Among  inmates  of 
asylums  it  is  of  quite  frequent  occurence  that  they,  for  instance,  will  ask  for  work 
only  to  reject  such  opportunity  offhand  when  it  is  offered  them.  Similarly  their 
threats,  quite  as  often,  are  not  carried  out. 

"The  occurrence  of  the  symptom  of  stasis,  blocking  in  the  sphere  of  the  will, 
is  readily  recognized.  Not  infrequently  the  victim  would  really  do  something  but 
cannot  because  the  psychomotor  mechanism  refuses.  When  such  volitional  stasis 
persists  we  have  a  form  of  katatonic  stupor, 

"Under  other  circumstances  again,  irresistible  and  automatic  impulses  and 
the  various  forms  of  command  automatism  may  occur.  These,  however,  belong 
in  the  chapter  on  Katatonic  Symptoms." 

As  examples  of  an  interesting  and  fairly  frequent  type  of  the  hyperbulic  form 
of  dementia  precox  we  include  a  brief  sketch  of  the  moral  defect  and  the  some- 
what less  frequent  querulant  type. 

The  prsecox  case  with  moral  defect — generally  known  simply  as  moral  defect  or 
moral  insanity  or  moral  imbecility — is  an  interesting  albeit  pestiferous  type  of  the 
hyperbulic  class,  which  occurs  in  both  sexes,  in  court  cases  the  male  sex  pre- 
dominating. It  is  permanent,  though  subject  to  certain  modifications  of  age,  etc. 
A  sufficient  heredity  is  always  obtainable  if  searched  for  diligentlj\  Its  principal 
symptoms,  which  are  evident  in  earliest  childhood,  are  an  uncontrollable  egoistic 
character  of  powerful  impulses  and  instincts.  Ideas  of  good  and  bad,  right  and 
wrong,  approach  normal  development,  but  the  corresponding  feeling-tone,  which 
makes  such  knowledge  sentient,  is  lacking  and  consequently  actions  and  behavior 
remain  uninfluenced  by  any  ethical  comprehension.  This  feeling  of  responsibility  re- 
mains absent,  there  is  an  absolutely  moral  callousness,  an  ethical  anesthesia,  con- 
scienceless. 

Its  victims  profess  the  deepest  feelings  of  remorse  for  a  delict  and  at  the  same 
instant  are  deliberating  a  similar  or  other  offense.     As   is   obvious,   it  makes  no 

H^sually  regarded  as  a  sign  of  downright  moral  callousness  by  the  uninitiated. 
(Translator.) 

'^WealtnesB  of  will  used  here  not  only  in  the  sense  of  deficiency  of  "urge"  (apathy), 
but  also  in  lack  of  endurance  and  unity  (capriciousness,  freakishness,  fickleness),  as 
well  as  defective  inhibition. 

—  41  — 


(liffcrcmc  ulio  tlu-ir  virlims  arc,  friends,  relatives  or  strangers,  there  is  an  absolute 
clhieal  frigidity.  They  possess  a  very  ready  comprehension,  but  their  reasoning  is 
ofllimcs  erratic  through  influence  of  their  Komplexes. 

Their  ofTenscs  consist  chiefly  in  confidence  games,  swindling,  every  known 
art  of  juggliiiK  with  checks,  much  less  often  the  ordinary  grand  and  petit  larceny. 
They  show  a  fondness  for  carousing  with  the  opposite  sex.  Those  that  marry  are 
almost  always  sooner  or  later  divorced.  They  often  commit  bigamy.  Alcoholism 
often  complicates  the  picture.  They  arc  fablers  of  the  worst  type,  all  the  way 
from  deliberate  fabrication  to  pseudologia  phantastica,  and  always  directly  or  in- 
directly to  their  positive  advantage,  whereas  with  the  ordinary  case  of  pseudologia 
phantastica  it  may  be  directly  or  indirectly  to  their  disadvantage,  though  even  here 
in  some  instances,  it  begets  sympathy.  They  tend  to  be  foppish.  They  are  com- 
monly known  as  the  black  sheep  of  the  family.  They  are  immune  to  every  art  of 
reform  from  exhortation  to  prison,  and  being  devoid  of  insight  through  lack  of 
complcmental  feeling-tone  consider  all  censure  as  gratuitous  and  unjust. 

In  spite  of  all  this  they  possess  the  most  ingratiating  personality  imaginable, 
which  is  their  chief  stock  in  trade,  and  which  is  often  the  means  of  saving  them 
from  sentence  to  prison,  which  they  are  most  resourceful  in  circumventing,  though 
most  all  sooner  or  later  land  there,  but  usually  not  until  they  have  succeeded  in 
bringing  their  friends  and  relatives  to  financial  ruin  in  keeping  them  out.  There 
is  no  class  of  delinquents  who  succeed  in  getting  as  many  tryouts  as  these  do. 
There  are,  of  course,  lighter  forms,  but  the  type  is  well-defined  and  easily  recog- 
nizable wherever  encountered,  be  it  in  pulpit,  politics  or  business.  The  following 
scheme  illustrates  in  a  rough  way  the  relative  position  of  the  moral  defect  to  its 
correlated  types. 


Type   of   Crime. 


I.  The  ordinary  hold-up 
man,  burglar,  thief, 
gunman. 
II.  Safe-blower,  pick- 
pocket. 
III.  Confidence  games, 
swindlers. 


Intelligence. 


Mental   age,    10.5—12.0. 


Low  and  middle  grade  so- 
ciopath. 

Middle  grade  sociopath  to 
average   intelligence. 


Psychopathy. 


Dementia  praecox. 


Dementia  praecox. 

Dementia  praecox. 
(Moral  insanity.) 


Moral  defect  may  be  regarded  from  one  angle  as  a  mental  stigma  of  degen- 
eration, similar  to  such  circumscribed  inabilities  after  sufficiently  applied  effort  has 
been  made  as  not  being  able  to  commit  a  simple  tune  to  memory,  grasp  simple  num- 
bers, not  necessarily  mathematics,  spell,  etc., — what  has  been  designated  mental 
defect  in  contrast  to  mental  defectiveness,  even  though  the  underlying  mental 
mechanisms  may  not  always  coincide.  Such  mental  stigmata  may  be  further  con- 
trasted with  such  stigmata  as  color  blindness,  anosmia  (inability  to  smell),  stutter- 
ing, lisping,  tics,  etc.,  which  latter,  however,  like  inability  to  learn  a  tune,  appear 
to  be  conditioned  by  a  defect  of  the  special  sense  or  motor  organ  involved.  Some 
of  these  organs,  such  as  the  retina,  are  considered  by  some  investigators  to  be 
projections  of  the  brain.  Whether,  however,  the  defect  is  of  central  or  peripheral 
origin  is  undetermined  in  certain  cases.  The  moral  defect  often  has  a  broad,  high, 
receding  forehead  running  down  to  a  well-rounded  but  heavy  supraorbital  ridge, 
which  might  almost  be  included  with  the  other  stigmata.  All  stigmata  hark  back 
somewhere  to  a  conjoined  psychopathic  origin.     No  cas'e  should  be  diagnosed,  how- 


42  — 


ever,  without  taking  in  and  evaluating  the  whole  ensemble.  Stigmata,  in  addition 
to  being  divided  into  mental  and  physical,  may  also  be  divided  into  intrinsic  and 
extrinsic,  some  being  much  more  significant  than  others.  The  list  of  physical 
stigmata  are  innumerable,  though  but  a  few  may  occur  in  each  individual,  and  in- 
clude the  various  types  of  ear  deviations  and  defects,  the  various  cleavage  stigmata 
such  as  hare-lip,  cleft  palate,  exstrophy  of  bladder,  hypo-  and  epispadias,  hernias, 
etc.;  also  malalignment  of  teeth  and  malformations  of  palate,  color  anomalies  of 
irides,  etc. 

As  a  rule,  however,  the  amoral  dementia  praecox  case  does  not  exhibit  these 
in  any  larger  number  than  any  other  psychopath  of  similar  intelligence  level.  An 
opposite,  correlated,  though  rarer,  type  also  occurs,  Folic  du  scruptde,  in  which 
hyperscrupulousness,  overconscientiousness,  an  exactiousness  occurs,  which  later 
tends  to  be  used  as  the  censor  of  the  action  of  others  as  well  as  one's  own.  In  con- 
trast to  the  amoral  type  who  is  very  vain,  the  scrupulous  type  shows  a  tendency  to 
self-disparagement  in  excess,  an  inverted  ego,  and  it  could  be  readilj'  assumed  that 
should  such  types  develop  such  psychoses  as  paresis,  etc.,  that  the  sj-mptom  kom- 
plex  of  the  one  would  be  colored  bj'  the  dementia  praecox  makeup  and  in  the  first 
instance  wo  would  have  grandiose  ideas  and  boastfulncss  and  in  the  second  self- 
reproach  and  self-abnegation  respectively. 

It  also  is  a  species  of  dementia  praecox,  a  t\-pe  in  which  the  ideas  of  right  are 
overloaded,  overcharged  with  complemental  feeling-tone.  Here,  too,  various  de- 
grees occur  from  such  light  grades  that  they  are  almost  inappreciable  to  the  casual 
observer,  becoming  exaggerated  at  physiological  and  other  stress  periods,  espec- 
ially at  puberty,  senesence,  or  the  senium,  up  to  degrees  so  bad  that  it  becomes  a 
typical  obsession  and  they  are  a  burden  to  themselves  and  others,  and  ofttimes  find 
their  way  into  asylums.  Their  exactiousness  may  be  carried  over  to  an  inordinate 
order  and  discipline  komplex  (designated  by  certain  psychoanalysts  as  the  anal  kom- 
plex)  and  in  some  ways  overlap  the  quernlans  type. 

Another  type  of  the  hyperbulic  class  closely  related  to  the  paranoid  types  is 
the  querulous  form  known  as  dementia  praecox  querulans,  which  is  regarded  by 
some  writers  as  an  entity  sui  generis  and  termed  by  them  litigious  insanity.  It 
occurs  in  males  and  females,  though  among  the  cases  getting  into  the  court  the 
males  predominate.  A  sufficiency  of  heredity  is  never  lacking.  It  occurs  in  all 
degrees  from  simple  social  incompatability,  pedantisni,  peevishness,  preciseness, 
contentiousness,  doctrinarianism,  exactiousness  up  to  paranoid  forms. 

The  principal  symptoms  are  manifested  in  a  supersensitiveness  and  overesti- 
mation  concerning  the  usurpations  of  one's  rights  and  privileges.  They  are  highly 
sensitized,  acrimonious  individuals  when  their  real  or  imaginary  prerogatives  are 
invaded  in  fact  or  imagination.  Very  often  real  paranoid  delusions  are  super- 
added. They  are  suspicious  of  everyone  where  their  touchy  spot  is  involved. 
They  cleave  to  form  rather  than  content,  especially  when  it  suits  their  purpose. 
Like  paranoiacs,  they  cannot  be  convinced  of  their  errors,  and  everything  becomes 
secondary  to  redressing  their  imaginary  wrongs.  They  regard  every  means  of 
righting  their  wrongs  as  legitimate — to  them  any  and  all  means  justify  the  end. 
They  resort  to  the  most  unusual  legal  processes  to  gain  their  end  as  they  see  it. 
These  cases  are  generally  of  fair  average  intelligence,  but  like  the  other  praecox 
cases  their  reasoning  processes  become  erratic  where  their  Komplex  is  involved, 
which  only  permit  them  to  evaluate  what  is  to  their  advantage  and  ignore  as  well 
as  twist  and  turn  any  logical    facts   against  their  claims,   lying  and   defaming  as 

—  43  — 


suits  their  purpose,  showing  presence  of  ethical  defect.  Like  other  praecoxes,  they 
arc  often  sex  delicts. 

The  least  injustice,  be  it  merited  or  unmerited,  will  be  sufficient  to  start  end- 
less processes,  which  will  be  carried  through  the  courts  to  the  highest  tribunal. 
Such  cases  during  the  trial  constantly  interject  promptings  into  the  proceedings, 
seize  on  every  possible  technicality,  complain  about  the  judges  and  their  own  at- 
torneys, of  favoring  the  other  side,  lodge  complaints  with  higher  authorities  against 
the  judges  trying  their  cases,  and  try  to  see  such  authorities  and  appellate  judges 
to  lodge  complaint  in  the  first  instance  and  influence  the  judge  in  the  second.  He 
sacrifices  Iiis  business,  savings  and  family  in  his  pursuit  of  justice,  his  case  being 
lost  for  want  of  sufficient  grounds  or  the  laws  not  covering  the  case. 

When  all  court  proceedings  are  finally  exhausted  he  may  take  the  law  into 
his  own  hands  or  may  content  himself  with  simply  threatening  all  those  involved. 
As  an  illustration  wc  may  refer  to  one  of  our  cases.  He  is  age  56,  in  the  United 
States  30  years,  diagnosis  higli  grade  borderland  sociopath  plus  dementia  prcseox 
querulans.  He  has  had  three  different  lawyers  in  this  one  instance,  all  of  whom 
withdrew  from  the  case. 

Without  the  least  semblance  of  a  case  he  persists  in  seeking  satisfaction,  and 
now  threatens,  since  he  cannot  get  it  through  the  court,  to  take  matters  in  his  own 
hands,  and  he  and  his  friends  will  resort  to  guns  and  by  this  means  bring  the  vil- 
lainy of  the  court  to  the  attention  of  the  people,  the  higher  authorities,  and  at  the 
same  time  secure  satisfaction.  His  business,  that  took  years  of  patient  toil  to  es- 
tablish, has  been  lost  through  neglect.  The  legal  processes  have  cost  him  his 
savings  of  years  as  well  as  his  property  and  all  the  money  he  was  able  to  raise 
among  his  friends. 

It  is  interesting  to  observe  how  often  these  cases  can  secure  champions  through 
appealing  in  the  name  of  justice,  for  the  righting  of  wrongs,  through  their  tales  of 
mistreatment  and  malpractice.  Cases  of  this  type  often  succeed  in  enlisting  the 
services  and  active  support  of  prominent  professional  and  business  men  over  ex- 
tended periods  until  the  denouement  when  they  in  turn  are  generally  drawn  in  and 
lined  up  with  the  rest  as  plotters  and  conspirators. 

Our  experience  with  the  heredity  of  dementia  praecox  cases  with  their  as- 
cendants and  descendants  practically  convinces  us  that  the  condition  is  always 
hereditary,  that  one  can  always  find  sufficient  evidences  to  account  for  it  in  the 
ascendants  beyond  what  is  customarily  found  in  the  average  famiiy.  This  test  has 
never  failed  us.  When  one  has  a  case  of  dementia  praecox  they  can  maintain 
without  fear  of  contradiction  that  in  the  immediately  preceding  relationship  there 
has  been  evidence  of  psychopathy,  if  not  recognized  outright  as  cases  of  dementia 
praecox,  yet  indirectly  under  various  combinations,  such  as  chronic  alcoholics,  ne'er- 
do-wells,  criminals,  suicides,  wife  beaters  and  deserters.  The  hereditary  laws 
involved  here  appear  to  be  practically  similar  to  those  found  among  the  feeble- 
minded, a  most  significant  fact  in  its  bearing  on  other  similarities  between  the  two 
conditions. 

The  transmission  of  mental  defectiveness  seems  to  be  unusually  intense  both 
in  the  direction  of  time  as  well  as  space,  not  only  manifesting  itself  through  gen- 
erations, but  being  at  the  same  time  widely  distributed  throughout  the  lateral 
branches. 

The  majority  of  systematic  writers,  however,  regard  dementia  praecox  as  only 
inheritable  in  from  twenty  to  eighty  per  cent  of  their  cases.   Some  wTiters  systematic- 

—  44  — 


Aly  insist  that  it  is  an  acquired  disease  and  due  to  disturbance  of  the  ductless 
glands,  auto-intoxication,  etc.,  which  theory,  after  all,  seems  to  be  but  one  step 
removed  from  direct  heredity ;  the  latter  theory,  like  the  one  that  the  condition  is 
always  hereditary,  has  at  least  the  merit  of  consistency,  whereas  the  theory  that 
claims  it  is  sometimes  hereditary  and  sometimes  acquired  finds  itself  on  the  horns 
of  a  dilemina  with  two  irreconcilables.  We  must  always,  of  course,  keep  the  dis- 
tinction clear  in  mind  between  transmission  that  is  congenital,  as,  for  instance, 
acquired  lues  transmitted  from  parent  to  offspring,  and  that  which  is  hereditary, 
as,  for  instance,  where  we  see  dementia  praecox  running  through  generation  after 
generation,  including  not  only  the  parents  and  their  grand  and  great  grandparents, 
etc.,  on  one  or  both  sides,  but  also  the  uncles,  aunts  and  cousins  through  similar 
generations.  In  case  history  taking,  all  diseases  and  diatheses  appearing  through- 
out the  family  should  be  recorded  and  appear  on  the  heredity  charts  except  in 
special  case  studies.  Such  data  would  no  doubt  enhance  our  information  in  this 
field  materially.  Tuberculosis,  for  instance,  is  especially  conspicuous  in  our  his- 
tories. 

We  become  more  and  more  convinced  that  instead  of  calling  dementia  praecox 
a  disease  it  should  rather  be  called  a  condition  like  feeble-mindedness,  and  that  it, 
like  feeble-mindedness,  is  present  practically  at  birth.  Certain  forms  of  praecox 
in  comparison  to  feeble-mindedness  of  the  intellectual  side,  might  be  considered 
forms  of  feeble-mindedness  of  the  affective  side.  Feeble-mindedness  of  the  in- 
tellectual side  and  dementia  praecox  may  exist  in  the  same  individual,  in  various 
degrees,  when  it  is  called  pfropfhebephrenia,  or  they  may  exist  independently.  In 
our  opinion  pfropfhephrenia,  which  means  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia  grafted 
on  feeble-mindedness  of  the  intellect,  is  a  misnomer;  as  we  feel  they  are  coinci- 
dental, and  the  idea  of  dementia  prrecox  being  grafted  as  erroneous,  however, 
the  word  has  gone  into  the  literature  and  it  would  only  lead  to  confusion  to  change 
it  now  or  introduce  a  new  designation,  and  our  theories  also  await  further  accept- 
ance. We  would  only  add,  however,  that  we  should  also  speak  of  pfropfkatatonia, 
pfropfparanoides,  etc.,  though  the  paranoides  cases  are  seldom  seen  at  all  well 
developed  in  individuals  below  the  low  grade  sociopath  group  as  there  is  not  suffi- 
cient mentality  below  this  level  with  which  to  elaborate  and  work  up  delusions  and 
systematize  them  to  any  extent.  In  the  light  paranoid  forms  we  see  the  pressure 
of  the  dementia  praecox  komplexes  working  out  the  premises  in  which  the  wish  is 
father  to  the  thought  with  a  finesse  in  proportion  to  their  intelligence,  adding  a 
point  here,  leaving  one  out  there  with  what  would  be  regarded  by  the  uninitiated 
as  arrant  cupidity  and  moral  callousness  beyond  ordinary  belief — twisting,  omit- 
ting, adding  half-truths,  innuendos,  etc.,  all  besmirched  with  praeco.x  komplexes  of 
the  most  resistless  urge,  to  support  conclusions  which,  as  far  as  the  premises  go, 
are  quite  logical.  The  work  of  such  wish  building  is  clumsy  or  fine  according  to 
the  intellectual  capacity  and  the  pressure  of  the  komplexes.  Such  praecoxes,  where 
there  is  no  especial  intellectual  defect  and  a  not  too  outspoken  praecox  defect,  re- 
main unrecognized  as  such  b}'  the  uninitiated,  and  they  leave  a  trail  after  them 
throughout  their  lives,  as  unfortunate  for  themselves  as  for  others  whose  paths 
they  cross.     They  manage  pretty  well  to  keep  just  within  the  law. 

Paranoia  may  be  regarded  as  a  more  refined  form  of  paranoides,  the  same 
mental  mechanisms  seeming  to  be  at  play  in  both  forms.  The  intelligence  is 
usually  higher  and  the  komplexes  are  more  circumscribed,  thus  increasing  in  in- 
tensity and  decreasing  in  extensity. 

—  46  — 


In  this  connection  it  nii^lit  lurthcr  be  found  helpful  to  rearrange  the  various 
symptoms  now  subsumed  under  the  head  of  katatonia,  into  two  groups,  the  akinetic 
and  tiic  hyperkinetic.  I'or  the  former  we  could  reserve  the  designation  of  kata- 
tonia (catatonia)  and  would  continue  to  include  such  symptoms  as  katalepsy, 
stupor,  mutism,  negativism,  passive  melancholia,  attonita,  etc.,  for  the  hyperkinetic 
wc  c<iiild  designate  l)y  some  such  word  as  kataclonia  (from  Kara  K\ovi  w 
strengthening)  which  would  take  over  such  symptoms  as  impulsiveness,  stereotypy, 
nianntrisnis,  spontaneous  automatism,  cchopraxia,  echolalia,  active  negativism,  mel- 
ancholia agitata,  etc.,  up  to  mania. 

The  field  of  interplay  between  the  intellect  and  affectivity  opened  up  by  the 
positive  methods  of  the  psychological  approach  to  mental  diseases  or  conditions 
is  of  the  most  elucidating  import,  clarifying,  as  it  does,  much  doubtful  material  and 
confusion  in  the  realm  of  symptomatology,  ensuing  dementia,  prognosis,  behavior, 
possibilities,  etc.  The  hereditary  factors  here  in  the  various  combinations  also  ofTer 
a  most  promising  field  of  study. 

Since  fceble-mindedness  and  dementia  praeco.x  are  the  result  of  an  hereditary 
mechanism  and,  therefore,  constitutional,  and  since  we  may  assume  in  general 
terms  the  cortex  to  be  the  part  of  the  brain  involved  in  the  first  case  and  the  basal 
ganglia  as  the  part  involved  in  the  second,  it  is  only  natural  to  suppose  that  both 
the  above  divisions  would  be  subject  more  or  less  equally  to  deleterious  hereditary 
influence,  and  consequently  we  would  be  more  apt  to  get  cases  as  typified  in 
pfropfhcbephrenia,  katatonia,  etc.,  than  either  strictly  alone.  The  fact  that  the 
cortex  is  phylogenetically  younger  and  more  unstable,  and  consequently  more  sus- 
ceptible to  certain  deleterious  influences,  must  be  considered ;  on  the  other  hand, 
the  fact  that  the  basal  ganglia  are  older,  render  this  part  of  the  brain  more  ex- 
posed to  degenerative  processes  or  even  to  the  evolution  of  new  types.  That  the 
various  mental  and  other  pathological  conditions  are  always  degenerative  in  the 
sense  of  atavistic  is  not  so  certain,  the  possibility  of  the  evolutions  over  the  years 
of  new  types  impresses  itself  on  one  sufficiently  to  suspend  final  judgment  in  the 
matter  for  the  present.  It  would  seem,  at  all  events,  whether  it  is  a  matter  of 
atavism  or  evolution,  that  everything  should  be  done  to  anticipate  the  heredity  of 
the  mass  of  such  individuals. 

The  fact  that,  in  mental  defectives  with  combined  defect  of  both  intellectual 
side  and  affective  side,  as  pfropfhebephrenia,  for  example,  the  condition  remains 
static  in  the  vast  majority  of  cases,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  is  a  further  proof 
that  both  conditions  are  often  of  common  origin — that  it  is  a  constitutional  condi- 
tion, both  cortex  and  basal  ganglia  having  suffered  in  the  common  underlying  in- 
terference with  development  or  other  deleterious  action. 

According  to  this,  also,  we  would  expect  to  find  a  high  percentage  of  mental 
defectives  with  only  intellectual  defect  to  be  acquired  feeble-mindedness  and  due 
to  trauma,  inflammation,  etc.,  on  account  of  the  exposed  position  of  cortex  and 
affected  during  developmental  years,  and  we  might  also  regard  somewhat  similarly 
disease  of  the  basal  ganglia,  though  in  a  high  percentage  of  cases  disease,  inflamma- 
tions, trauma,  etc.,  would  be  as  apt  to  affect  both  seats  more  or  less,  making  due 
allowance  for  probable  earlier  ripening  of  the  affective  elements.  The  influence  of 
hereditary  paucity  of  factors  of  safety  in  terms  of  lessened  resistance  must  also  be 
considered.  In  feeble-mindedness  the  neurological  findings  help  us  to  place  its 
advent  ontologically. 

It  would  be  helpful  if  writers  discussing  the  transmission  of  unit  characters 

—  46  — 


would  try  to  remember  that  if  they  were  not  organically  based  they  could  not  be 
hereditary  and  that  there  must  be  some  physical  basis  on  which  to  transmit  these 
characters,  which  most  obviously  would  be  the  nervous  system,  and  if  they  would 
discuss  the  two  together  in  the  relationship  of  transmission  of  characters,  it  would 
be  much  more  clarifying.  As  it  is  now,  they  leave  us  with  the  belief  that  there 
is  another  state  beyond  the  nervous  system  existing  and  transmitting. 

The  influence  of  transmitting,  instead  of  positive  defects,  negative  defects,  i.  e., 
lessened  factors  of  resistance  or  safetj-,  with  their  ensuing  proclivity  to  disease  or 
trauma,  is  also  worth  attention.  Such  brain  conditions,  however,  are  not  analogous 
to  the  myopathies. 

In  separating  mental  defectiveness  into  the  two  great  classes,  namely,  intelligence 
defect,  subdivided  into  idiots,  imbeciles,  morons,  sociopaths,  etc.,  as  well  as  other 
organic  diseases  primarily  affecting  the  cortex,  as  paresis,  senile  dementia,  arter- 
iosclerosis and  other  degenerative  processes,  as  well  as  the  effects  of  the  narcotics, 
and  into  affective  defect,  under  which  is  included  the  majority  of  the  insanities, 
certain  of  the  defects  of  the  affective  side  of  the  personality,  such  as  dementia 
praecox,  may  be  well  classified  in  the  same  way  that  we  do  intelligence  defect,  or 
subnormality,  with  corresponding  quantitative  or  qualitative  lack  of  development, 
which  may  be  compared  in  degree  to  idiots,  imbeciles,  etc.,  of  the  intelligence  side, 
such  difference  here  as  there  manifesting  itself  quite  clearly  in  the  resulting  be- 
havior. Like  feeble-mindedness  of  the  intelligence  side,  they  show  on  the  whole 
a  relative  invariabilit}-,  except,  perhaps,  that  it  is  more  manifest  in  the  earliest  days 
of  life  than  intelligence  defect,  except  in  the  most  outspoken  cases  of  the  latter, 
the  low-grade  idiots,  for  instance,  and  tending,  if  at  all,  in  certain  forms  towards 
aggravation,  whereas  those  with  intelligence  defect  alone  show,  on  the  contrary, 
over  relatively  long  periods  of  time  a  slight  improvement  through  long  repetition 
of  simple  acts,  by  the  processes  of  accretion  rather  than  assimilation,  or  the  actual 
working  up  of  such  knowledge  through  analysis  and  sj^nthesis  as  part  of  the  web 
and  woof  of  their  general  intelligence  fund.  Intelligence  and  affectivity  may  be 
regarded  respectively  as  our  mental  capital  and  credit.  The  effects  of  our  strengths 
and  weaknesses  here  are  cumulative  in  their  scope. 

Bleuler  says,  in  his  monograph  discussing  the  differential  diagnosis  between 
the  various  degrees  of  feeble-mindedness  and  dementia  praecox,  that  all  degrees 
of  feeble-mindedness  have  the  following  in  common: 

"It  begins  intrauterine,  or  in  early  life,  and  is  substantially  non-progressive. 
Affectivity  very  irregular,  though  in  principle  not  departing  from  the  normal. 
The  extent  of  the  variation  appears  where  possible  still  greater  than  with  normals. 
Absence  of  stifling  of  the  affectivity.  Associations  restricted  intellectually  to  the 
immediate,  nearest  at  hand  reactions.  Dementia  praecox  shows  association  dis- 
turbance of  different  nature,  as  well  as  typical  disturbance  of  the  affectivity." 

It  will  be  seen  throughout  that  there  is  practically  an  interdependence  between 
the  mental  age,  representing  the  basic  intelligence  and  chronological  age  after  the 
early  developmental  stages,  showing  that  the  mental  level  when  reached  remains 
static.  It  represents  our  mental  capital  and  when  it  is  too  low  it  inevitably  leads 
to  socio-economic  bankruptcy.  The  affective  side  of  our  mentality  represents  our 
credit,  our  enterprise,  and  stands  in  more  or  less  interdependence  to  the  amount  of 
capital ;  when  it  has  shortcomings  it,  too,  leads  to  inevitable  socio-economic  bank- 
ruptcy, even  though  the  mental  capital  should  be  high. 

By  the  psychological  approach  to  mental  disease  we  have  an  excellent  control 

—  47  — 


„f  s.imilatiun  as  well  as  dissimulation,  which  is  and  can  be  so  readily  attempted 
where  the  ordinary  clinical  diagnostical  mcliiods  alone  have  to  be  relied  upon.  We 
have  liad  a  few  cases  attempt  simulation  of  clinical  symptoms  which  we  promptly 
uncovered  by  the  psychological  tests.  We  have  had  the  same  experience  with  a 
larRcr  number  of  dissimulators  who  suspected  all  was  not  right  with  them,  and 
who  did  not  want  to  be  committed  to  an  asyUim.  Several  paranoid  cases  with  good 
intclliKcncc  attempted  this.  Several  of  our  cases  attempted  dissimulation  of  their 
insanity,  preferring  to  take  a  sentence  in  the  penitentiary  to  a  commitment  to  an 
asylum,  which  meant  permanent  custodial  care.  Regardless  under  which  heading 
one  is  disposed  to  subsume  the  various  psychopathological  signs  or  symptoms  that 
Bleuler  has  analyzed  out  and  grouped  under  the  heading  of  "Die  Gruppe  der 
Schi/ophrenien,"  we  must  acknowledge  his  great  service  to  psychopathology,  as  well 
as  the  fact  of  the  undisputed  existence  of  such  psychopathic  states  and  intelligence 
defects  and  their  correlation  to  crime. 

Furthermore,  no  matter  what  name  one  chooses  to  subsume  the  various  symp- 
toms under,  one  thing  remains  certain,  and  that  is  that  in  general  terms  the  de- 
linquent is  a  defective  according  to  the  tests  which  show  beyond  all  cavil  that  his 
mental  processes  are  abnormal  and  his  abnormal  behavior  is  but  a  sign  or  symptom 
of  his  abnormal  mental  makeup. 

At  present  the  future  of  psychiatry  lies  in  the  psychological  approach,  just  as 
we  find  our  ability  to  detect  functional  change  in  other  organs  in  a  large  percentage 
of  disease  is  within  reach  much  earlier  than  detection  of  anatomical  changes.  We 
know  that  in  paresis,  for  instance,  the  anatomical  and  even  serological  changes  are 
quite  far  advanced  before  the  ordinary  clinical  signs  are  available  for  diagnosis, 
while  the  psychological  or  functional  signs  are  practically  not  only  co-existent  with 
them,  but  offer  some  immediate  and  practical  prospects  of  securing  early  definite 
detection  through  further  refinement  of  methods. 

We  have  been  calling  latent  dementia  praecox,  simple  and  pre-dementia  prae- 
cox,  not  that  in  any  of  these  cases  the  process  is  actually  latent,  for  if  it  was  we 
could  not  diagnose  it,  as  our  tests  are  made  on  the  patient's  thinking  and  acting 
processes,  and  it  is  these  processes  which  make  up  his  daily  behavior,  consequently 
where  dementia  praecox  is  diagnosable  we  must  also  say  that  his  behavior  is  in- 
fluenced by  it,  and  that  the  dementia  praecox  is  not  latent.  However,  there  are 
quantitative  differences,  from  almost  normal  to  extreme  mania. 

The  regular  neurological  examinations  of  our  patients  have  furnished  much 
information  of  the  most  positive  nature;  a  fairly  high  percentage  of  our  cases 
showing  qualitative  and  quantitative  alterations  of  the  neurological  reactions  which 
furnish  quite  concrete  corroboration  of  our  other  findings.  Where  available,  we 
include  such  findings  in  our  written  reports  to  the  judges. 

The  space  is  not  available,  nor  is  this  the  place  for  such  technical  discussions 
which  do  not  appeal  to  the  general  interest,  and  we  will  publish  and  discuss  such 
findings  elsewhere.  The  same  is  also  true  of  a  considerable  collection  of  anthro- 
pological, anthropometrical  and  heredity  data  we  have  made. 

The  following  statistics  and  analyses  will  afford  a  view  behind  the  scenes  of 
what  is  being  daily  staged  in  our  courts. 


48  — 


Mrs.  \|  \|{1K   K.    IIICKSON 

Assistant 
Psychopathic  Laboratoiy 


THE  BOYS  COURT. 

The  Boys  Court  of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago  was  inaugurated  April  1, 
1914,  through  the  instrumentality  of  Chief  Justice  Olson  and  the  Associate  Judges 
of  the  court,  of  whom  the  following  formed  the  committee:  chairman,  Chief 
Justice  Olson,  and  Associate  Judges  Hopkins,  Scully,  Goodnow  and  Caverly.  With 
the  co-operation  of  interested  social  workers  who  had  assisted  in  the  introduction 
of  the  Juvenile  Court  with  its  psychopathic  institute  for  the  study  of  problem 
cases,  and  actuated  by  the  same  motives,  namely,  to  segregate  boys  from  older 
and  hardened  ofifenders,  they  worked  for  the  establishment  of  the  Boys  Court 
and  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory.  The  director  of  the  laboratory,  however,  through 
having  had  experience  in  the  clinics  of  Ziehen,  Bleuler,  Kraepelin  and  others  on 
the  continent  with  cases  of  all  ages  from  the  juvenile  to  the  senile  delinquents, 
male  and  female,  sent  for  diagnoses,  decided  with  the  consent  of  Chief  Justice 
Olson  and  his  associates,  to  institute  the  same  system  here  in  order  to  include 
cases  from  all  the  various  branches  of  the  court,  especially  the  Morals,  Domestic 
Relations,  with  its  bastardy  branch,  and  the  outside  criminal  branches,  in  order  to 
all  the  better  study  the  problem  of  the  delinquent,  both  in  its  individualistic  and 
general  aspects,  thereby  considerably  enlarging  the  scope  of  the  laboratory.  We 
also  adopted  the  continental  idea  of  concentration,  carrying  it  in  this  particular 
beyond  anjlhing  abroad,  in  that  we  devoted  the  work  of  the  laboratory  exclusively 
to  the  study  and  examination  of  delinquents,  whereas  abroad  such  cases  are  taken 
care  of  in  the  general  clinics  and  formed  but  a  relatively  small  part  of  the  daily 
examinations,  and  while  we  were  cognizant  abroad  that  we  could  rarely  submit  a 
report  to  the  court  in  which  we  could  certify  to  a  delinquent's  normality  and 
responsibility,  yet  we  were  not  able  to  realize  this  fact  in  its  full  significance  until 
we  handled  the  cases  en  masse  as  the  specialized  courts  with  specialized  laboratory 
permitted  us  to  do  and  when  these  two  were  brought  together  the  true  situation 
was  at  once  laid  bare.  We  therefore  had  to  cut  out  our  own  path  of  procedure 
largely  as  there  were  no  other  similar  institutions  in  operation  from  which  we 
could  pattern. 

The  Boys  Court  affords  us  a  strong  focus  on  the  whole  criminal  situation  for 
practically  all  criminals  begin  their  careers  before  the  age  of  21.  Practically  all 
those  who  have  already  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court  eventually  get  into  the  Boys 
Court  too,  as  well  as  later  into  the  Criminal  Court,  consequently  a  study  of  the 
findings  in  this  court  orients  us  pretty  thoroughly  on  the  whole  subject  of  crim- 
inality. The  fact  that  most  criminals  begin  their  careers  in  these  early  years  and 
are  not  scattered  indefinitely  over  different  ages  is  significant  in  more  ways  than  one. 
It  shows  that  the  tendency  to  conflict  with  environment  is  laid  down  in  him  from 
the  beginning  and  as  soon  as  he  has  occasion,  as  he  develops,  as  he  is  called  upon 
in  the  struggle  of  life  to  test  out  his  strengths  and  weaknesses  on  his  environment, 
he  fails.  This  is  clearly  shown  by  our  cases  in  their  very  earliest  trials,  and  it  is 
but  a  further  confirmation  of  the  findings  of  the  laboratory  in  regard  to  their 
underlying  defectiveness  as  well,  that  in  spite  of  all  the  efforts  to  reform  these 
cases  by  special  schools,  homes,  probation,  isolation  from  older,  hardened  crim- 
inals— in  the  Juvenile  Court  from  the  Boys  Court  and  in  the  latter  from  the  other 
criminal  courts — they  continue  their  careers  unabated. 

—  49  — 


Ill 


i)i  the  specialized  courts  the  Boys  Court  deals  essentially  with  criministic 
...atcrial  and  it  is  therefore  of  special  interest  from  the  viewpoint  of  crime, 
criminals  jurisprudence,  socio-economics  and  abnormal  psychology  in  this  rela- 
tionship. '  In  the  matter  of  crime  it  is  in  contrast  with  the  other  specialized  courts 
in  that  it  deals  proportionately  more  largely  with  what  are  known  as  the  funda- 
mental crimes,  such  as  burglary,  larceny,  hold-ups,  homicide,  etc.,  in  contrast,  for 
instance,  to  the  Domestic  Relations  Court,  where  family  disturbances,  such  as 
non-support,  abuse,  desertion,  bastardy,  contributing  to  the  delinquency  of  children, 
etc..  arc  disposed  of,  or  the  Morals  Court,  where  prostitution  plays  the  chief  role, 
or  the  outside  criminal  branches,  where  disorderly  conduct  and  the  like  forms  the 
bulk  of  the  work,  tliough  there  is,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  much  direct  and  collateral 
relationship  and  fundamental  equivalency,  running  through  all  these  various 
branches,  the  type  of  cases  in  one  court  being  but  the  expression  in  its  own  terms 
for  the  others,  dependent  upon  such  secondary  factors  as  age,  sex,  etc.  Many  of 
our  male  and  female  Domestic  Relations  Court  cases  hark  back  to  the  Boys  and 
Morals  Court,  the  girls  in  the  Boys  Court  as  complaining  witnesses  and  both  in 
the  Morals  Court,  where  often  they  have  been  married,  in  most  instances  more 
or  less  forced,  or  they  are  recruited  from  the  forced  marriage  ranks  of  the 
bastardy  court.  The  Morals  Court  connects  up,  as  partially  explained  above,  di- 
rectly in  handling  boys  who  have  been  also  in  the  Boys  Court  and  also  indirectly 
by  the  fact  that  many  of  the  girls  in  the  Morals  Court  are  the  sisters  and  ofttimes 
the  mothers  of  our  Boys  Court  cases.  Many  of  our  bastardy  cases  eventually 
turn  up  again  either  in  the  Morals  Court  or  the  Domestic  Relations  Court.  The 
outside  criminal  branches  dispose  preliminarily,  on  numerous  charges  of  disorderly 
conduct  and  the  like,  of  a  great  many  of  the  cases  that  finally  come  into  the 
Domestic  Relations  Court  when  the  patience  of  the  wife  and  family  has  been  finally 
worn  out.  It  is  quite  remarkable  how  long  and  how  intensely  these  men  and 
women,  where  thej-  are  the  respective  complainants,  will  suffer  before  they  complain 
to  the  court,  many  times  because  both  are  to  blame,  often,  however,  through  their 
helplessness,  many  times,  though,  through  sheer  patience. 

Then  we  find  a  certain  number  of  our  graduates  from  the  Boys  Court,  when 
they  come  to  be  beyond  the  Boys  Court  age,  turning  up  in  our  outside  criminal 
courts.  Their  sisters  furnish  much  of  the  material  of  the  bastardy  court.  It  will 
be  seen  then  that  there  is  a  family  unity  which  comes  out  so  regularly  in  our 
family  histories  in  all  of  these  courts  and  they  treat  but  separate  sides  of  it.  This 
iinitariness  is  further  emphasized  in  the  high  degree  of  recidivism  they  all  show. 

As  a  corollary  to  what  has  been  said  above  in  relation  to  crime  in  the  Boys 
Court,  we  deal  here  essentially  with  criminals,  that  is,  those  committing  the  so-called 
fundamental  crimes,  and  from  this  standpoint  alone  offer  much  subject  for  study 
as  well  as  food  for  thought.  We  find  all  such  apprehended  daily  in  a  city  of  two 
and  a  half  million  population,  as  well  as  similar  individuals  from  all  the  smaller 
communities  who  tend  to  congregate  in  the  larger  cities  where  detection  is 
diminished  and  opportunities  greater.  We  thus  see  them  en  masse,  which  offers 
unusual  opportunities  for  detecting  common  mental  and  physical  traits.  We  study 
them  medicallj',  including  their  physiology,  nutrition,  psjxhology,  etc. ;  anthropo- 
logically, such  as  stigma  of  degeneration,  nationality,  etc. ;  and  anthropometrically, 
such  as  stature,  weight,  and  other  measurements ;  educationallj- — their  school 
records,  truancj",  subnormal  classes,  grade,  etc. ;  and  economical!}- — we  have  seen 
that  in  the  life  of  the  individual  we  have  physiological  and  psychological  critical 

—  50  — 


periods,  so  also  do  we  have  economic  critical  periods,  one  of  which  comes  within 
the  ages  covered  by  the  Boys  Court.  It  is  in  these  j^ears  that  he  must  find  himself 
and  be  about  his  work.  He  is  expected  to  become  self-sustaining  or  mostly  so, 
and  therefore  has  to  measure  his  abilities  with  the  world. 

Perhaps  one  of  the  most  impressive  features  about  our  cases  is  the  matter  of 
recidivism,  all  the  way  from  our  bastardy  court  up  to  the  Boys  and  Morals  courts. 

The  bastardy  cases  repeat  in  that  court  a  certain  number  of  times  and  then 
appear  in  the  Domestic  Relations  and  Morals  courts.     Their  children  follow  fast 
in   their   footsteps.     Domestic   Relations   Court   cases    repeat   and   repeat,   receivejlj: 
assistance,    advice,    admonition,    continuations,    probation.    House    of     Correction!, 
sentences.     Thej'  gravitate  in  a  large  proportion  of  cases  into  the  divorce  court.'  ■ 
separations,  alms  house,  insane  asylum,  feeble-minded  institutions,  penitentiary,  etc. 
Their  children  on  the  whole  repeat  the  Municipal  Court  cj'cles. 

It  is  difficult  to  determine,  as  there  are  no  identification  records  kept  of  sufficient 
control,  exactly  how  much  repeating  there  is  in  the  Morals  Court,  but  it  is  no  doubt 
even  higher  than  in  the  Boys  Court,  as  prostitution  is  of  necessity  more  or  less 
openly  and  frequently  carried  on.  An  insignificant  few  are  first  offenders ;  most 
have  already  had  Juvenile  and  other  court  records.  These  cases  terminate  largely 
in  the  alms  house,  insane  asylum,  feeble-minded  institutions,  etc.  Many  of  them, 
almost  all,  have  given  birth  to  children  in  their  earlier  days,  who  keep  up  the 
traditions. 

Recidivism 

Recidivism  is  much  the  crux  of  the  whole  criminological  situation,  while  at 
one  and  the  same  time  it  is  the  most  illuminating  and  also  most  discouraging 
symptom  in  that  it  shows  the  hopelessness  of  our  present  methods  of  dealing  with 
crime,  and  that  therefore  there  must  be  something  fundamentally  wrong  because 
it  confirms  our  findings  that  the  underlying  cause  in  the  vast  majority  of  cases  is 
an  incurable  hereditary  constitutional  mental  defectiveness.  In  the  following  pages 
two  sets  of  statistics  bearing  on  this  are  given,  one  compiled  by  us  from  the  Boys 
Court  records,  in  the  Bureau  of  Social  Service,  and  the  other  from  the  laboratory 
records,  and  while  necessarily  incomplete,  nevertheless  they  show  with  sufficient 
clearness  this  feature  of  the  subject.  The  statistics  compiled  from  the  Boys  Court 
records  are  only  approximate,  since  there  is  no  system  of  identification  in  operation 
there  beyond  what  recognition  is  possible  for  the  social  worker  who  fills  in  such 
data  on  cards  as  name,  address,  etc.,  each  morning,  and  what  admissions  of  previous 
arrests  the  boys  choose  to  make.  Another  big  defect  in  the  control  of  repeaters  is 
the  fact  that  the  Bo\'s  Court  only  handles  cases  between  the  ages  of  17  and  21, 
and  since  there  are  a  large  number  of  these  boj's  reaching  the  age  of  21  each  j-ear 
and  dropping  out  of  the  Boj'S  Court  supervision,  we  lose  track  of  them.  Another 
reason  for  lack  of  control  is  the  fact  that  the  court  is  only  three  years  old  and 
we  have  no  records  on  that  large  group  of  cases  that  were  of  the  Boys  Court  age 
and  committed  crimes  before  the  Boys  Court  was  established.  We  also  have  no 
control  beyond  their  own  admissions  as  to  whether  they  have  ever  been  in  the 
Juvenile  Court  and  the  number  of  times,  nor  their  criminal  careers  after  they  are 
beyond  the  Boys  Court  age.  There  is  another  group  we  lose  track  of  who  have 
been  in  Pontiac  and  other  reformatories  and  who  broke  their  parole  and  are 
returned  to  be  re-reformed  without  going  through  the  Boys  Court.  There  is 
another  group  at  both  extremes  of  the  Boys  Court  age  who  have  records  in  the 

—  51  — 


t..url  an. I.  U.  bidc-.stci)  llicin,  lie  about  their  age  to  evade  the  Boys  Court  with  its 
records.  Another  group  is  made  up  of  those  serving  sentences  who  might  be  sent 
away  for  several  years,  say  from  age  18  to  21  to  Pontiac,  for  instance,  and  we 
would  therefore  only  have  them  under  control  for  one  year.  A  certain  percentage 
die  violent  or  natural  deaths.  The  court  will  have  to  be  at  least  four  years  in 
operation  before  it  can  control  its  minimum  record,  that  is,  delinquents  reaching 
ages  17  up  to  21. 

I  l-'rom  the  opening  of  the  Boys  Court  April  1,  1914,  to  July  1,  1917,  a  period  of 

iliirty-ninc  months,  there  appeared  18,696  defendants,  credited  with  24,424  arrests, 
an  average  of  1.31  arrests  to  a  boy  in  the  Boys  Court.  This  latter  index  is  bad 
enough  as  it  is,  but  it  hardly  even  approximates  the  true  condition  of  affairs,  for 
in  the  first  place  the  court  has  not  been  running  long  enough  to  control  statistically 
the  extent  of  repeating  done  by  our  cases,  as  before  the  inauguration  of  the  court, 
April  1,  1914,  we  had  no  records  at  all  kept  on  them  and  many  of  those  coming 
before  the  court  had  already  received  more  or  less  extended  sentences.  Second, 
the  age  span  covered  by  the  Boys  Court  is  rather  short,  namely,  age  17  to  21,  and 
consequently  in  the  beginning  a  certain  percentage  of  our  cases  were  passing 
beyond  our  jurisdiction  and  statistical  control,  above  the  average  which  will  remain 
more  or  less  static  after  the  court  is  four  years  old.  And,  thirdly,  we  have  no 
means  of  identification  other  than  memory  of  the  judges,  who  change  more  or 
less,  or  the  memory  of  the  social  worker  in  charge  of  preparing  the  cards  on  the 
boys  coming  up  for  trial  daily,  or  the  frankness  of  the  boys  themselves.  Quite  a 
few  repeaters  slip  through  as  first  offenders,  some  being  known  to  have  as  many 
as  half  a  dozen  aliases.  There  are  a  certain  percentage  of  boys  on  parole  from 
Pontiac  and  other  reformatories  who  commit  crime,  but  are  transferred  back  to 
such  institutions  and  consequently  do  not  go  through  the  Boys  Court  as  they  should, 
and  the  record  is  therefore  not  kept  up.  Ultimately  we  will  find  that  the  average 
arrests  to  a  boy  in  the  Boys  Court,  to  say  nothing  of  those  before  and  after,  will 
be  much  higher  when  we  overcome  the  present  obstacle  of  short  existence  of  the 
court  and  control  of  this  group  and  lack  of  exact  methods  of  identification,  though 
the  former  rather  than  the  latter  is  more  responsible  for  the  deficiencies  here. 
We  have  only  had  full  track  since  the  opening  of  the  court  of  the  small  group  of 
boys  who  were  then  aged  seventeen.  Those  over  that  age  were  lost  for  our 
statistical  control  sooner  or  later  as  they  approached  the  age  limit  of  twenty-one. 

It  would  be  very  elucidating  if  we  could  control  the  statistics  on  our  cases 
throughout  their  careers,  both  before  and  after  the  Boys  Court  age,  as  we  know 
indirectly  that  they  appear  in  very  large  numbers  both  in  the  Juvenile  Court  before 
they  come  to  us  and  in  the  Criminal  Court  after  theyjeave  us.'  The  curve  of  arrestg^ 
starts  at  about  age  six  and  rapidly  rises.  Since  there  is  a  certain  percentage  of 
cases,  relativefy  small  though  it^sTthat  begin  their  criminal  career,  or  rather  are 
first  arrested,  at  or  shortly  beyond  age  21,  it  might  be  advisable  to  extend  the 
Boys  Court  age  a  year  or  two  to  take  these  in,  and  thus  extend  to  these  also 
whatever  beneficent  influences  the  Boys  Court  stands  for,  not  that  we  can  discern 
any  tangible  results  from  such  influence  on  mental  defectiveness  from  which,  we 
are  convinced,  the  vast  majority  of  our  delinquents  are  afflicted,  with  the  exception 
of  a  small  group  of  borderland  cases  that  might  be  amenable  to  such  influences. 
Such  an  attitude  is  quite  consistent  with  the  average  court  and  its  objective  attitude 
towards  crime  an,l  criminals,  though  here  again  we  find  that  the  specialized  courts 

—  52  — 


r- 


\ 


of  the  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago  do  not  blindly  hold  to  this  theory  and  do  not 
hesitate  to  deviate  from  it  to  do  a  piece  of  constructive  work. 

The  above  figures  give  an  average  of  628.71  arrests  per  month  represented  by 
479.38  respondents.  The  above  is  only  the  average,  which  exhibits  slight  seasonal 
variations,  but  is  static  from  year  to  year,  relatively  to  population. 

We  have  also  compiled  statistics  from  these  records  which  show  that  in  this 
period  there  were  1,538  sentences  to  the  House  of  Correction,  represented  by  1,462 
delinquents  or  an  average  of  1.05  sentences  to  a  case  for  the  short  period  covered 
by  our  records.  This,  of  course,  does  not  include  those  put  on  probation,  committed 
to  Pontiac  or  held  to  Criminal  Court,  fined  or  discharged.  We  have  further 
computed  the  statistics  on  the  Juvenile  Count  history  of  our  group  and  find  a 
total  of  2,071  arrests  credited  to  1,392  boys,  or  an  average  of  1.49  arrests  to  a  boy. 
We  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  this  is  quite  under  the  reality,  but  the 
recorder  had  to  depend  entirely  on  the  frankness  of  the  boys  for  this  data. 

\^Tien  we  -figure  otrtth^e  percentage  of  repeaters  in  onr  t:ourts,"everi  though 
we  have  very  little  direct  control  after  all  of  the  really  great  extent  of  recidivism 
that  we  know  to  exist  through  our  daily  experience  in  touch  with  the  cases,  the 
number  of  crimes,  amount  of  prostitution,  number  of  desertions,  beatings,  etc., 
committed  by  the  cases  from  the  Boys,  Morals,  Domestic  Relations  and  other 
courts,  respectively,  before  they  are  apprehended,  is  not  recorded,  though  we  know 
it  is  very  high.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  a  boy  to  have  perpetrated  ten,  fifteen  or 
twenty  thefts,  hold-ups,  etc.,  before  he  is  caught.  The  years  from  17  to  21  of  the 
Boys  Court  allow  of  but  a  very  small  span  in  which  to  get  data  on  this  subject, 
since  if  a  boy  is  caught  when  he  is  19  and  given  a  sentence  that  runs  two  years, 
we  have  only  had  him  under  observation  from  age  17  to  19;  if  at  the  same  time 
he  is  finishing  a  term  begun  before  he  was  of  Boys  Court  age,  gets  out  when  he 
is  18  or  19  and  is  soon  rearrested  and  given  another  sentence,  sent  back  to  Pontiac, 
for  instance,  we  have  practically  had  him  but  a  very  short  time. 

If  we  compute  the  average  in  the  Boys  and  Juvenile  courts  our  cases  show 
an  average  of  2.80  arrests  to  a  boy.  This  does  not  include  the  numerous  arrests 
which  these  boys  have  undergone  after  they  passed  beyond  the  Juvenile  Court 

age  and  before  the  establishment  of  the  Boys  Court.  - — 

— --inhese  hoys  were  curable,  one  dose  of  such  medicine  as  commitment  to  any 
of  the  juvenile  and  other  custodial  and  reform  institutions  would  be  enough,  as 
they  have  an  antipathy  toward  them  and  toward  recommitments  quite  pitiable  to 
behold,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  they  fortunately  do  not  always  have  the  same 
degree  of  sensitiveness  about  it  that  normals  would,  but  neither  does  one  dose  nor 
several  make  any  impression,  regardless  of  how  well  equipped  such  institutions 
may  be  for  their  work  where  the  case  is  defective.  All  such  institutions,  just  like 
our  schools,  should  have  defective  classes,  though  here  the  relations  would  be 
reversed.  In  the  schools  the  normals  make  up  the  majority,  in  the  reformatory 
schools  and  institutions  the  defectives  make  up  the  bulk.  However,  some  provision 
should  be  made  to  separate  those  above  the  outspoken  defective  grade,  such  as 
the  borderland  cases. " 

Several  of  our  boys  who  have  committed  murder  have  either  been  hanged  or 
are  serving  life  sentences.  Most  of  these  cases  had  been  examined  and  diagnosed 
by  us  on  occasions  of  arrest  previous  to  the  murder  and  all  found  defective  and 
they  could  easily  have  been  isolated  and  the  homicides  anticipated.  All  these  cases 
Iiave  extensive  previous  criminal   records. 

—  53  — 


In. Ill  May  Ist,  19\A,  to  April  3()tli,  1^17,  there  were  2,026  cases  examined  from 
the  boys  Court,  siihdividcd  into  the  following  groups: 

Hoys,  age  17  to  21 l-^^ 

Males  over  Boys    Court  age ^^ 

Males  under  Hoys   Court  age,  3,  and  one  female 4 

Female  accomplices  of  boys ^ 

Miscrllancous    ^^ 

2,026 

The  intelligence  rating  follows: 

The  boys'  group,  age  17  to  21,  was  as  follows : 

Number 

of  Cases.  Percentage. 

Average  Intelligence  183  9.19 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 177  .   8.88 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 102  5.12 

Low  Grade   Sociopaths 138  6.96 

High   Grade    Morons 1,082  54.32 

Middle  Grade   Morons 235  11.80 

Low  Grade  Morons 73  3.66 

Imbeciles 2  0.1 

Total   .^^^_^^^,,,,_^^ 1,992 


J 


Average  Intelligence  Group 
Mental  diagnoses  and  arrests. 

.Av'ge  arrests 
Total  No.  of  Average  chron-    .\verage  basal    Average  total        in  Boys 
cases.  ological  age.  ago.  mental  age.  Court. 

183      18.83     10.36     12.59      1.6 


Average     previ- 
ous  arrests   in  Average  .Juve- 
Municipal  nile   Court 
Court.*  arrests. 


.29 


.18 


In  the  above  group  of  183  cases,  we  have  arrest  records  on  171.  From  the 
whole  group  of  171  cases,  the  average  arrest  in  outside  criminal  branches  of  the 
Municipal  Court  per  boy  was  .29.  The  average  computed  only  on  boys  arrested 
was,  per  boj',  1.58.  Juvenile  Court  records  of  average  intelligence  group  computed 
on  171  cases  gives  average  arrest  per  boy  for  whole  group  of  .18.  In  all  courts 
the  average  arrest  per  boy  was  1.31. 

One  boy  sent  to  Pontiac  had  twentj^-three  indictments  against  him,  of  hold-up 
and  larceny.  He  had  fair  average  intelligence,  with  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia. 
His  history  is  given  in  appendix. 

In  this  group  of  171  cases,  six  have  been  in  St.  Charles  Reform  School,  one 
also  in  John  Worthy  School ;  one  had  been  in  Juvenile  Court  three  times ;  two  spent 
seventeen  months  in  St.  Charles ;  one  eighteen  months  in  Huntington  Reformatory ; 
one  was  in  Dunning  three  times,  and  committed  by  us  the  fourth  time. 

In  a  group  of  57  cases  of  average  intelligence,  but  with  some  form  of  psycho- 


•Average  previous  arrests  does  not  include  Juvenile  Court,  and  covers  arrests  of 
these  boys  In  our  outside  criminal  branches  prior  to  establishment  of  Bovs  Court.  This 
Js  consequently  gradually  decreasing,  and  in  another  year  will  have  disappeared. 

The  longer  the  Poy.s  Court  is  in  ope-ation,  the  lower  wlU  be  the  average  indices  of 
arrests  in  these  branches,  as,  for  example,  in  computing  the  report  in  1915,  we  found 
the  average  for  high  grade  sociopaths  was  .57,  as  against  .20  in  this  report,  or  average 
arrest  to  a  boy  of  1.66  in  1915  report,  to  1.28  in  this  report.  For  middle  gi-ade  socio- 
paths, it  was  0.20.  as  against  0.52  in  1915,  or  an  average  arrest  to  a  bov  of  1.25  in  1915, 
to  1.0  m  this  report.  As  is  quite  obvious,  this  feature  will  be  practicallj-  entirely  elimi- 
nated when  the  Boys  Court  is  in  existence  four  rears. 


54  — 


pathy   (with  the  exception  of  two,  who  were  arrested  only  once,  and  then  in  the 
Roys  Court — they  both  had  single  basal),  the  number  of  arrests  ran  as  follows: 

B.  C.  P.  A.  Juv.  Ct. 

One  arrest 39  5                       6 

Two  arrests   8  1                      2 

Three  arrests  8  1                      1 

Four  arrests    

Five  arrests  2  2 

Average   Intelligence   Group — Psychopathy 
In  this  group  of  183  cases,  we  had  a  total  of  seventy-five  cases  of  dementia 
prsecox   of   various    forms,    such    as   hebephrenia,    katatonia   and   paranoides.      Of 
these  cases : 

Eight  were  complicated  by  alcoholism. 
Eleven  were  complicated  by  moral  defect. 
Two  were  complicated  by  homosexuality. 
One  was  complicated  by  juvenile  paresis. 
One  was  complicated  by  drug  addiction. 
One  was  complicated  by  hysteriform  seizures. 

Of  the  above  cases,  three  were  outspoken  paranoides.  One  was  a  katatonic, 
and  one  was  dementia  praecox  querulans.  The  number  of  basal  years  in  a  group 
of  57  cases  of  dementia  praecox  and  psychopathic  constitution  were  computed,  and 
it  was  found  that  11  or  19.3%  had  double  basals,  and  10  or  19.3%  had  triple  basals. 

In  this  group  of  183  cases,  we  had  sixteen  cases  of  psychopathic  constitution 
of  an  outspoken  nature.     Two  of  these  cases  were  complicated  by  drug  addiction. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopath 

Mental  diagnoses  and  arrests. 
In  this  group  were  177  cases. 

Average  arrests 
in  otlier  crim- 
Total  No.  of  Average  chron-    Average  basal   Average  total  Average  arrests    inal  branches    Average  arrests 
cases.  olog^cal  age.      mental  age.       mental  age.       in  Boys  Court        Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

177  18.62  9.90  12.31  1.55  .36'  .30 

Out  of  this  group,  49  boys,  or  27.68%,  admitted  79  arrests  previous  to  establish- 
ment of  Boys  Court  in  other  criminal  branches  of  the  Municipal  Court,  or  an  average 
of  1.62  arrests  to  a  boy;  39,  or  22.03%,  admitted  50  arrests  in  the  Juvenile  Court, 
or  an  average  of  1.28  arrests  to  a  boy.  In  the  group  there  were  44,  or  24.86% 
cases  of  dementia  praecox.     They  were  complicated  as  follows : 

Eight  were  alcoholics;  one  of  these  also  drug  addict. 

Twelve  were  moral  defects;  one  of  these  was  effeminate;  one  excessive  mastur- 
hator.^ 

Four  were  drug  addicts. 

One  was  a  moral  pervert. 

One  was  eflfeminate. 

One  had  active  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

One  of  these  was  "the  cave  man,"  a  boy  of  19;  he  is  a  high  grade  borderland 
sociopath,  plus  dementia  praeco.x  hebephrenia.     He  was   arrested  three   different 

'This  grows  less  and  less  as  the  Boys  Court  is  longer  in  operation,  until  it  is  four 
years  old,  when  they  will  be  eliminated  entirely.  In  our  last  report  it  averaged  .56  and 
1.7  respectively. 

-Most  dementia  prsecox  cases  are  given  to  masturbation  to  excess,  carried  on  to 
older  years,  also  other  sex  aberrations. 

—  55  — 


times  ill  the  liuys  Court  for  commilling  rape,  and  once  in  the  Alorals  Court  for 

the  same  charge.     Another  boy  of  the  group  was  arrested  as  a  beggar,  soliciting 

alms   in  office  buildings,  claiming  he  was   totally  deaf.     The  examination   in  the 

laboratory  disclosed  tliat  lie  was  a  simulator.     We  have  had  several  simulators  of 

this  nature  in   the   Boys   Court.     One  boy  tried   to   simulate   amyotrophic   lateral 

sclerosis,  through  knowledge  he  had  picked  up   in  his   experience   in  clinics   for 

nervous  and  mental  diseases. 

In  this  group  of  177  cases,  there  were  13  cases  of  psychopathic  constitution. 

In  tliis  group  there  was  one  epileptic,  who  was  also  alcoholic.     Seventeen  had  been 

in  institutions— six  of  them  had  been  committed  to  John  Worthy  School — one  had 

been  in  Pontiac  Reformatory  eighteen  months — one  had  been  in   St.   Charles   for 

seven  months— one  boy  had  been  in  both  the  John  Worthy  School  and  Parental 

School. 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 

Mentality  and  arrests 

Average  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
No.  of     Average  chron-      Average  basal     Average  total   Average  arrests     inal  branches    Average  arrests 
cases.        ological  age.  age.  mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

102  18.52  9.9  12.21  1.6  .37  .33 

Fifty-one,  or  50%  of  these  cases,  admitted  having  been  in  other  criminal 
branches  of  the  Municipal  Court  before  the  establishment  of  the  Boys  Court,  with 
an  average  arrest  of  1.3.  Forty-six,  or  45.09%  of  this  group  of  102  cases,  admitted 
having  been  in  Juvenile  Court,  with  an  average  arrest  of  1.5.  This  gives  a  combined 
average  arrest -for  the  group  of  2.3,  or  a  combined  average  of  arrests  per  case  of  4.4. 

In  this  group  we. have  41  cases,  or  40.19%  of  dementia  praecox,  principallj' 
of  the  hebephrenic  forms;  one  was  katatonic.  Five  of  these  cases  were  complicated 
with  alcoholism ;  one  was  a  drug  habitue ;  one  was  epileptic  and  effeminate ;  one 
was  a  moral  defect ;  one  was  a  simulator ;  one  had  hydrocephalus  and  pulmonary 
tuberculosis ;  one  out-spoken  katatonic  case  was  colored. 

In  this  group  of  102  cases,  8,  or  7.84%,  had  psychopathic  constitutions ;  one 
had  juvenile  paresis. 

Thirteen  of  the  group  had  been  in  institutional  homes;  three  boys  had  been 
in  the  John  Worthy  School,  one  also  in  Pontiac  for  two  years ;  another  had  been 
in  the  Parental  School  three  times,  St.  Charles  one  year,  and  Pontiac.  The  last 
two  cases  were  dementia  praecox  cases. 

Low   Grade   Sociopath 
Mentality  and  arrests 

Average  arrests 
,      -      .  in  other  crim- 

No.  of       Average  chron-     Average  basal     Average  total   Average  arrests    inal  branches    Average  arrests 
cases.  ological  age.  age.  mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

138  18.82  9.51  12.0  1.65  .25  .45 

Twenty-three,  or  16.66%,  admitted  arrests  in  other  branches  of  the  Criminal 
Court  before  the  establishment  of  the  Boys  Court,  with  an  average  arrest  of  1.1. 

Thirty- four,  or  24.63%,  admitted  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court,  with  an  average 
arrest  of  2.02. 

In  this  group  of  138  cases,  67,  or  48.55%,  were  cases  of  dementia  praecox, 
principally  hebephrenic  form,  with  a  few  katatonics;  these  Avere  further  complicated 

—  56  — 


in  five  cases  by  alcoholism;  one  was  a  moral  defect;  one  was  effeminate;  one  had 
juvenile  paresis. 

In  the  group  of  138  cases  there  were  18,  or  13.04%,  with  psycopathic  con- 
stitutions, three  of  which  were  complicated  with  alcoholism. 

In  the  group  of  138  cases,  one  had  epilepsj-,  petit  vial  forvi.  There  were 
six  colored  boys. 

Twenty  admitted  having  been  in  custodial  institutions,  such  as  Parental  School, 
John  Worthy  School,  St.  Charles,  etc. ;  in  one  case  six  times,  in  another  five 
times,  and  seven  w'ere  in  twice  that  we  know  of ;  one  boy,  a  dementia  praecox 
case,  was  in  Pontiac  eight  years.  He  was  no  sooner  out  than  he  was  re-arrested 
in  a  strong  arm  assault,  in  which  he  was  educating  his  cousin,  also  a  praecox. 
They  were  both  found  guilty  and  sentenced.  One  boy,  a  dementia  praecox  case, 
has  been  in  the  Boys  Court  four  times,  and  broken  probation  twice. 

Eighteen  boys  admitted  thirt^^-three  commitments  to  custodial  institutions, 
such  as  Parental  School,  John  Worthy  School,  St.  Charles,  etc.,  distributed  as 
follows : 

Two  had  been  in  Juvenile  Home  once. 
One  had  been  in  Juvenile  Home  twnce. 
Two  had  been  in  John  Worthy  once. 
One  had  been  in  John  Worthy  twice. 
One  had  been  in  John  Worthy  three  times. 
Two  had  been  in  Parental  School  once. 
Two  had  been  in  Parental  School  and  John  Worthy  twice. 
Two  had  been  in  Parental  School  and  St.  Charles  once. 

One  had  been  in  Parental  School  and  St.  Charles  twice,  and  John  Worthy 
once. 

One  had  been  in  St.  Charles  and  Pontiac  once. 
One  had  been  in  Pontiac  once. 
Two  had  been  in  homes  once. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia,  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  six  in  Juvenile 
Court,  was  in  Parental  School  twice,  four  and  six  months,  St.  Charles  twice,  fifteen 
months  and  three  months,  and  John  Worthy  School  three  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia,  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  three  in  Juvenile 
Court;  Parental  School  six  montlis,  St.  Charles,  five  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia,  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  three  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  St.  Charles,  eighteen  month.s ;  Pontiac,  one  year,  and  $500.00  fine. 

Case,  age  24,  pfropfhebephrenia,  Juvenile  Court  record,  four  arrests  in  Boys 
Court,  last  for  murder.  On  one  of  his  previous  arrests  he  was  quite  katatonic, 
committed  to  the  Psychopathic  Hospital,  from  whence  he  was  committed  to  one  of 
the  state  asylums  for  insane,  from  which  he  was  paroled  to  his  mother  after  a 
few  months. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia,  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  six  in  Juvenile 
Court;  Parental  School  tliree  times  (four  months,  eight  months,  three  months); 
St.  Charles,  five  months;  John  Worthy  twice  (seven  months  and  three  months). 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia,  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court;  St.  Charles,  fifteen  montlis;  Parental  School,  three  and  one-half  months. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia,  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  two  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  John  Worthy  School. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenin,  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  five  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  John  Worthy  twice. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  Juvenile  Home. 

Case,  age  23,  pfropfhebephrenia,  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court ;  one  in  Juvenile 
Court;  eight  years  in  Pontiac;  nine  months  in  jail.  He  was  a  valedictorian  at 
Pontiac,  and  committed  a  "strong  arm"  hold-up  shortly  after  release  from  Pontiac. 

—  57  — 


Ca.sf.  a^c  A),  psychopalliic  and  alcoholic;  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  one  in 
Juvenile  Court. 

Casi-.  aKc  19,  pfropflicbcphrcnia,  nine  arrests  in  Boys  Court ;  one  ni  other  crim- 
nal  hranclu-s ;  one  in  Juvenile  Court. 

Case.  aKC  19,  pfropfhehcphrenia ;  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  one  in  Juvenile 
Court;  once  in  Juvenile  Home. 

Case,  ape  21,  pfropflubephrcnia.  Juvenile  Court  record,  had  been  committed  to 
St.  Charles  and  John  Worthy  schools,  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  last  for  murder, 
since  been  hung.  His  younger  brother,  who  has  exactly  the  same  diagnosis,  is  now 
arrested  for  murder. 

Case,  age  21,  pfroi)fhebephrenia;  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfliebephrenia;  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  one  in  Juvenile 
Court. 

Case,  age  16  (misstated  age  in  Boys  Court). 

In  the  above  93  cases,  28  had  double  basal  ages,  4  had  triple  basal  ages,  1  had 

quadruple  basal  ages. 

High    Grade    Borderland   Morons 

Mental  level  and  ai'rcsts 

Average  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
No.  of     Avprapc  chron-      Average  basal     Average  total   Average  arrests    inal  branches    Average  arrests 
cases.         ological  age.        mental  age.         mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

31  18.68  9.0  11.8  1.35  .22  .93 

In  this  group,  four  admitted  previous  arrests  in  other  criminal  branches  of 
the  Municipal  Court  before  the  establishment  of  the  Boys  Court,  with  average 
of  1.75  arrests  to  a  boy. 

In  the  group  of  31  cases,  nine  admitted  having  been  in  Juvenile  Court,  with 
average  of  3.22  arrests  to  a  boy. 

Psychopathy  of  High  Grade  Borderland  Moron  Group 

In  this  group  there  were  twentj--one  cases  with  diagnoses  of  dementia  praecox ; 

two  of  these  were  complicated  with  alcoholism,  and  another  a  confirmed  sodomist. 

In  this  group  of  31  cases,  there  were  seven  with  diagnoses  of  psychopathic 

constitution ;  one  of  these  complicated  with  alcoholism ;  one  was  effeminate ;  one 

was  a  colored  boy. 

In  this  group  of  31  cases,  the  following  data  were  obtained  in  regard  to  com- 
mitments to  custodial  institutions,  such  as  John  Worthy  School,  St.  Charles, 
Parental  School,  etc.  Seven  boys  are  credited  with  seventeen  commitments,  an 
average  of  2.43  commitments  to  a  case. 

2  boys  were  in  once. 
1  boy  was  in  two  times. 
'    1  boy  was  in  three  times 
1  boy  was  in  four  times. 
1  boy  was  in  five  times. 

1  boy  was  in  Criminal  Court,  aged  16,  for  hold-up  and  burglary.  He  had  two 
Juvenile  arrests,  and  four  in  Boys  Court.  He  is  a  dementia  praecox  case.  One  boy 
was  in  St.  Charles  twice,  serving  three  years  in  all.  Another  boy  was  in  Glenwood 
for  two  and  a  half  years.  His  first  arrest  was  at  age  of  9.  Another  boy  was  in 
St.  Charles  twenty-nine  months.  Another  boy  had  four  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court, 
served  four  terms  in  St.  Charles,  had  two  arrests  in  criminal  branches  of  Municipal 
Court,  and  one  in  Boys  Court.  This  was  his  record  to  age  eighteen.  He  is  a 
dementia  pr.Tcox  case. 

—  .58  — 


High  Grade   Morons 

(Mental  age  10.1—12.0) 

Mental  level  and  arrests. 

ATerago  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
No.  of        Average  chron-    Average  basal     Average  total  -Average  arrests    inal  branches    Average  arrests 
cases.  ological  age.        mental  ago.        mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

1,051  18.41  8.71  11.08  1.8  .43  .58 

In  this  group,  261  or  24.85%  of  the  boys  admitted  482  previous  arrests  in  other 
criminal  branches  of  the  Municipal  Court;  an  average  of  1.85  arrests  to  a  boy.    * 

In  this  group  of  1,051  cases,  287,  or  27.33%  of  the  boys,  admitted  521  arrests 
in  the  Juvenile  Court,  or  an  average  of  1.81  to  a  boy. 

Psychopathy  of  High  Grade  Morons 
In  this  group  of  1,051  cases,  there  were  303  diagnosed  as  dementia  praecox 
(pfropfhebephrenia).  Thirty-five  of  these  were  complicated  by  alcoholism;  eight 
by  drug  addiction;  four  by  moral  defect;  one  was  a  sex  pervert;  one  was  effemi- 
nate; one  by  juvenile  paresis;  one  was  a  pederast,  and  had  active  lues  with  sj-philitic 
condylomata  of  anal  region.     One  was  an  urning  (a  passive  pederast). 

In  the  group  of  1,051  cases,  there  were  forty-two  diagnosed  as  psychopathic 
constitution;  twelve  were  complicated  b}'  alcoholism;  one  was  effeminate;  one  had 
juvenile  paresis. 

In  this  group  of  1,051  cases,  seven  liad  epilepsy;  two  had  out-spoken  tubercu- 
losis ;  one  had  congenital  lues. 

In  a  group  of  322  high  grade  moron  cases  tabulated,  there  were  fourteen 
colored  boys,  one  full-blooded  Indian,  one  half  Indian  and  half  colored.  One  boy 
had  been  a  snuff  addict  since  age  6. 

In  the  group  of  1,051  cases,  the  following  rather  incomplete  data  were  obtained: 
146  boys  admitted  commitment  to  custodial  institutions,  such  as  Parental  School, 
John  Worthy  School,  St.  Charles,  Pontiac,  Feehanville,  Lincoln  State  School  for 
Feeble-AIinded,  etc.,  before  coming  into  the  Boj's  Court. 

In  a  tabulation  of  322  consecutive  cases,  77  admitted  having  been  in  custodial 
institutions  before  coming  into  the  Boys  Court,  with  a  total  of  135  commitments, 
or  an  average  of  1.75  to  the  case ;  they  were  distributed  as  follows : 
51  committed  one  time. 
16  committed  two  times. 
4  committed  three  times. 
3  committed  four  times. 
1  committed  five  times. 
1  committed  eleven  times. 
1  committed  twelve  times. 
The  following  notes  on  a  few  of  these  cases  give  a  side  light  on  their  careers  : 

One  boy  was  in  the  Juvenile  Court  eight  times,  and  once  in  the  Boys  Court. 
Seven  of  his  Juvenije  Court  arrests  were  for  truancy.     He  was  a  high  grade  moron. 

One  boy,  age  17,  a  case  of  pfropfhebephrenia  (17,  three  basals,  total  mental  age 
11.8),  in  Boys  Court  six  times,  in  Juvenile  Court  ten  times;  was  in  Parental  School 
three  times,  and  once  in  John  Worthy  School.  He  was  in  Juvenile  Court  eight 
times  for  truancy,  and  twice  for  burglary. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia,  arrested  fourteen  times  in  all,  three  times  in 
Juvenile  Court,  once  in  Boys  Court,  and  other  arrests  in  criminal  branches  of 
Municipal  Court. 

—  59  — 


Case  age  1*>,  pfroi.flicbcphiLiiia ;  svas  in  Lincoln  six  years;  ran  away;  arrested 
for  burRlary;  rc-ccmmittcd  to  Lincoln;  ran  away  again.  His  father  is  a  high  grade 
moron  plus  chronic  alcoholism.  His  mother  is  a  pfropfhebephrenic,  deserted  her 
family  to  live  with  a  colored  man,  and  is  also  a  chronic  alcoholic. 

Case  age  17,  pfropfhebcphrenia;  in  Parental  School  one  year;  St.  Charles  twice, 
for  a  total  of  tlirec  years ;  and  in  John  Worthy  six  months ;  was  in  Juvenile  Court 
four  times. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Juvenile  Court  three  times;  in  Boys  Court 
nine  times ;  was  in  St.  Charles ;  within  nine  months  he  ran  away  four  times,  and 
was  returned  each  time.    He  has  also  been  in  John  Worthy  and  Feehanville. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  twice  in  Boys  Court;  four  times  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  St.  Charles  twice;  and  in  John  Worthy  twice. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia  ;  started  twenty  different  fires. 

Case  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  alcoholic;  was  in  State  Insane  Asylum  at 
Dunning  one  year. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia,  in  Juvenile  Court  once;  Boys  Court  once;  and 
thirteen  times  in  other  criminal  branches  of  Municipal  Court.  On  six  of  thirteen 
arrests  was  held  to  Criminal  Court,  and  discharged  on  all  but  one,  on  which  he  was 
found  guilty  and  sent  to  Pontiac,  served  seventeen  months. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  two  in  other 
criminal  branches;  one  in  Juvenile  Court;  was  in  Reform  School,  Plainfield, 
Indi.'ina,  two  years  and  four  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  four  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  in  St.  Charles  ten  times ;  Parental  School  once. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia ;  nine  arrests  in  Boys  Court ;  one  in  other  crimi- 
nal branches  of  the  Municipal  Court,  and  four  in  Juvenile  Court;  was  in  St. 
Charles.  John  Worthy,  Parental  School,  and  Feehanville. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  six  in  Juvenile 
Court;  in  St.  Charles  twice,  John  Worthy  once. 

Case,  age  17,  high  grade  moron;  psychopathic;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court; 
three  in  Juvenile  Court;  served  fourteen  months  in  St.  Charles;  twice  in  John 
Worthy  School ;  once  six  months,  another  time  four  months. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  seven  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  was  in  Parental  School  and  John  Worthy  School. 

Case,  age  21,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  three  in  other 
criminal  branches;  was  in  Pontiac  Reformatory  twenty-three  months. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  Parental  School  twice. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  once  in  Boys  Court;  once  in  other  criminal 
branches;  three  times  in  Juvenile  Court;  was  in  Parental  School  twice. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia;  once  in  Boys  Court;  twice  in  Juvenile  Court; 
St.  Charles  fourteen  months;  Pontiac  Reformatory  one  year. 

Case,  age  18,  psychopathic,  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court,  two  in  Juvenile  Court; 
twice  in  St.  Charles,  eighteen  months  each  time. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  Parental^  School  four  months ;  St.  Charles  eighteen  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court;  ten  in  other  criminal 
branches;  three  in  Juvenile  Court;  arrested  for  singing  and  begging  on  street  cars 
each  time. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court;  six  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  Parental  Home  one  year. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  two  arrests  in 
Juvenile  Court;  was  in  St.  Mary's  two  years;  St.  Charles  eighteen  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  ten  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  four  in  other 
criminal  branches;  six  in  Juvenile  Court. 

Case,  age  17.  pfropfhebephrenia;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  was  in  St.  Charles  once ;  Parental  School  twice. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfliebephrenia;  two  arrests  in  Bovs  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  in  John  Worthy  once. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfliebephrenia ;  five  arrests  in  Bovs  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  St.  Charles  twice. 

—  60  — 


Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia ;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court;  in  Parental  School  twice. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  St.  Charles  one  and  one-half  years. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  eight  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  St.  Charles  fifteen  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court;  four  in  Juvenile 
Court;  once  in  John  Worthy  School. 

Case,  age  18,  propfhebephrenia ;  one  arrest  in  Boys  Court;  three  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  was  in  Juvenile  Home  and  Glenwood  School. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  three  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  John  Worthy  School. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  nine  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  six  in  other  crimi- 
nal branches ;  and  two  Juvenile  Court  arrests. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  six  in  other  crimi- 
nal branches ;  and  one  in  Juvenile  Court. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  one  in  Juvenile 
Court;  St.  Charles  eight  months;  Pontiac  one  year. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  four  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  four  in  Juvenile 
Court. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  four  in  other  criminal 
branches ;  one  in  Juvenile  Court. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  five  in  Juvenile 
Court ;  was  in  John  Worthy  three  months ;  St.  Charles  eighteen  months. 

Case,  age  20,  psychopahic  plus  alcoholism ;  nine  arrests  in  Boys  Court. 

Case,  age  19,  propfhebephrenia;  seven  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  one  in  Juvenile 
Court;  was  in  Parental  School. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia;  eight  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  one  in  Juvenile 
Court. 

Case,  age  17,  psychopathic;  six  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  one  in  Juvenile  Court; 
was  in  Parental  School. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  one  in  Juvenile 
Court. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court;  St.  Charles  eighteen  months;  Parental  School  nine  months. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia;  colored;  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia  plus  alcoholism;  seven  arrests  in  Boys  Court; 
committed  to  feeble-minded  institution  at  Lincoln. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia ;  five  arrests  in  Boys  Court ;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia  plus  alcoholism;  six  arrests  in  Boys  Court; 
one  in  other  criminal  branches. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Boys  Court  seven  times. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Boys  Court  five  times. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia ;  two  arrests  in  Boys  Court ;  two  in  Juvenile 
Court.  His  brother  was  also  in  Boys  Court  at  age  of  17;  also  pfropfhebephrenia; 
was  sent  to  Pontiac  Reformatory. 

Case,  age  18,  tests  11  years  mentally,  snuff  addict  since  age  6.  Four  arrests  in 
Boys  Court;  one  in  Juvenile  Court;  was  in  St.  Charles. 

Case,  age  20,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Boys  Court  eight  times. 

Case,  age  18,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Boys  Court  six  times. 

Case,  age  21,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Boys  Court  five  times;  in  Juvenile  Court 
once. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia;  in  Boys  Court  six  times;  Pontiac  one  year. 

Case,  age  19,  pfropfhebephrenia ;  in  Boys  Court  seven  times. 

—  61  — 


Middle   Grade   Morons 

(Mental  age  9.1—10.0) 

Mental  level  and  arrests 

Average  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
No  of      Avrrngcchron-     AvcrBge  basal     Average  total   Average  arrests    inal  branches    Average  arrests 
CRBcd.         olngical  age.        nioiitul  ago.         mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

2.15  18.41  7.8.3  9.69  1.73  0.37  0.45 

In  this  group  49,  or  20.857o,  admitted  77  previous  arrests  in  the  other  criminal 
brandies  of  the  Municipal  Court,  an  average  of  1.57  arrests  to  a  boy. 

In  this  group  of  235  cases,  59  or  25.1%,  admitted  98  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court, 
or  an  average  of  1.66  arrests  to  a  boy. 

Psychopathy  of  Middle  Grade  Morons 

In  this  group  there  were  68  cases  diagnosed  as  dementia  praecox  (pfropfhe- 
bephrenia)  ;  ten  of  these  were  complicated  by  alcoholism,  one  by  drug  addiction; 
one  was  a  simulator;  one  had  out-spoken  tuberculosis. 

In  the  group  there  was  one  case  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution ;  two 
epileptics ;  one  case  of  hysteria. 

In  this  group  of  235  cases  the  following  data,  necessarily  quite  incomplete, 
were  obtained  on  commitments  to  custodial  institutions,  such  as  Parental  School, 
John  Worthy  School,  St.  Charles,  Pontiac,  Lincoln  State  School  for  the  Feeble- 
Minded,  etc.  Thirty-four  admitted  having  been  in  such  institutions.  In  a  tabula- 
tion of  22  cases  we  found  34  commitments,  an  average  of  1.55  to  a  case.  They 
were  distributed  as  follows :  14  in  once,  4  in  twice,  4  three  times.  In  addition, 
nine  of  this  latter  group  were  committed  to  the  Feeble-Minded  Institution  at 
Lincoln,  Illinois. 

In  the  group  of  thirty-four  cases,  ten  had  been  in  John  Worthy  School,  seven 
had  been  in  St.  Charles,  two  boys  were  both  in  St.  Charles  and  John  Worthy, 
two  in  dependent  homes,  one  was  in  John  Worthy,  Parental  School  and  Lincoln, 
one  was  in  St.  Charles  and  Lincoln,  three  were  in  Parental  School,  two  had  been 
in  John  Worthy  School  and  Lincoln,  five  had  been  in  Lincoln. 

Low  Grade  Morons 

(Mental  age  7.1—9.0) 

Mental  level  and  arrests 

Average  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
No.  of         A\  or.ngo  chron-     Average  basal     Average  total  Average  arrests    inal  branches   Average  arrests 
case*.  Illogical  age.        mental  age.         mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

73  17.95  7.01  8.55  1.76  0.36  0.46 

In  tliis  group  fifteen  boys,  or  20.54%,  admitted  26  arrests  in  the  other  criminal 
branches  of  the  Municipal  Court,  an  average  of  1.73  arrests  to  a  boy. 

In  this  group  of  seventy-three  cases,  nineteen  boys,  or  26.037o,  admitted  thirty- 
one  arrests  in  the  Juvenile  Court,  an  average  of  1.63  arrests  to  a  boy. 

—  62  —  ' 


Psychopathy  of  Low  Grade  Morons 

In  tliis  group  there  were  fourteen  cases  diagnosed  as  dementia  prsecox  (pfropf- 
hebephrena),  three  were  compHcated  with  alcoholism. 

In  this  group  of  seventy-three  cases  we  had  two  diagnosed  as  psychopathic 
constitution,  one  of  these  was  complicated  with  alcoholism.  In  a  tabulation  of 
twenty-one  cases  there  were  two  colored  boys. 

In  the  group  of  seventj'-three  cases  the  following  data,  necessarily  quite  incom- 
plete, were  obtained  on  commitment  to  custodial  institutions,  such  as  Parental 
School,  John  Worthy  School,  St.  Charles,  Pontiac,  Lincoln,  etc.  Seven  admitted 
having  been  committed  to  such  institutions. 

In  a  tabulation  of  twenty-one  cases  we  found  four  boys  had  been  in  once, 
one  boy  twice,  one  boy  three  times.  Two  of  these  were  in  the  Parental  School, 
one  was  at  St.  Mary's  as  a  dependent,  one  was  in  Lincoln  twice,  another  was  in 
Lincoln  twice  and  also  committed  to  Working  Boys'  Home  for  ninety  days,  another 
also  committed  to  Working  Roys'  Home. 

Imbeciles 

(Mental  age  3.0--7.0) 
Mental  level  and  arrests 


No.  of 
cases. 

2 

Chron.  age. 

19 

Basal  mental 
age. 

5 

Total  mental 
age. 

6.4 

Arrests  in 
Boy.s  Court 

1 

21 

3 

4.8 

1 

The  first  boy,  age  19,  was  committed  by  us  to  the  feeble-minded  institution 
at  Lincoln.  The  second  boy,  age  21,  had  been  in  Lincoln  feeble-minded  institution 
four  years  and  was  recommitted  by  us   from  the  Boys  Court. 

Imbeciles  School  Records 

The  boy  age  21  never  attended  school  and  the  boy  age  19  began  school  age  9, 
left  age  14  and  never  got  out  of  the  first  grade. 

Cases  Over  Boys  Court  Age:   All  High  Grade  Morons 
(Mental    age    10.1-12.0) 

Average  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
No.  of       Average  chron-    Average  basal     Average  total   Average  arrests    inal  branches    Average  arrests 
cases.  ological  age.        mental  age.        mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

12  25.25  8.75  11.44  1.33  1.33  0.41 

Eight  cases,  or  66.66%,  admitted  sixteen  arrests  in  other  'branches  of  the 
Municipal  Court,  or  an  average  of  two  arrests  per  case. 

Three  cases  admitted  five  arrests  in  the  Juvenile  Court,  or  an  average  of  1.66 
arrests  per  case. 

In  this  group  of  twelve  cases,  fwc  admitted  seven  commitments  to  custodial 
institutions,  such  as  Parental  School,  John  Worthy  School,  etc.,  or  an  average  of  1.4 
commitments  to  a  case.     One  of  these  cases  liad  been  arrested    fom-  times ;   first 

—  63  — 


arrest  in  Boys  Court  was  for  rubbery;  had  been  in  Pontiac  for  carrying  concealed 
weapons ;  had  three  other  arrests,  once  violating  parole  and  twice  for  drunkenness ; 
he  was  a  case  of  dementia  praecox.  Another  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholic 
case  was  under  arrest  once  in  Boys  Court  for  robbery;  had  f^ve  previous  arrests 
in  other  criminal  brandies,  all  for  robbery.  He  was  also  in  Juvenile  Court  twice 
and  served  the  following  sentences— three  to  the  House  of  Correction,  one  year, 
six  months,  three  months,  respectively.  Another  dementia  praecox  case  has  had 
one  arrest  in  I5oys  Court  for  stealing  auto  tire— sentenced  to  House  of  Correction; 
he  had  two  previous  arrests  in  other  courts,  once  for  drunkenness,  once  in  Naval 
Prison  in  Haiti  for  one  year. 

Another  dementia  praecox  case  had  three  arrests  in  Boys  Court,  all  for  dis- 
orderly conduct,  for  figiiting;  in  other  courts  one  arrest  for  larceny;  was  sent  to 
the  House  of  Correction ;  he  was  twice  in  the  Juvenile  Court  from  which  he  was 
sent  once  to  St.  Charles,  the  other  time  to  the  John  Worthy  School. 

Psychopathy 

Of  the  group  of  twelve  cases,  nine  were  diagnosed  as  cases  of  dementia 
praecox ;  two  of  these  were  complicated  by  alcoholism. 

As  an  interesting  corollary  to  the  above,  we  give  the  results  of  examination 
of  four  of  the  wives  of  cases  in  the  above  group,  all  of  whom  are  high  grade 
morons,  and  two  were  also  cases  of  dementia  praecox  and  one  psychopathic: 

Average  arrests 
in  other  crim- 
Xo.  of         .\vcrage  cliron-    Average  basal     Average  total  Average  arrests    inal  branches   Average  arrests 
cases.  ological  age.        mental  age.        mental  age.      in  Boys  Court  Mun.  Ct.  in  Juv.  Ct. 

4  29.0  8.5  11.0  0.75  0.50  0.25 

Of  the  group  three  were  also  under  arrest  in  Boys  Court  with  their  husbands, 
with  three  arrests,  or  an  average  of  one  per  case.  Two  admitted  two  arrests  in 
other  criminal  branches,  or  an  average  of  one  arrest  per  case.  One  was  also  in 
Juvenile  Court,  is  a  dementia  praecox  and  was  arrested  as  an  accomplice  to  her 
husband  in  a  hold-up.  Another  was  a  colored  woman,  psjxhopathic,  arrested  for 
slashing  her  husband  with  a  razor.  Another  woman  was  arrested  for  going  to 
cabarets  with  other  men,  once  in  Boys  Court  with  a  minor,  and  once  in  another 
court. 

Cases  Under  Boys    Court  Age:     All  High  Grade  Morons 

'       No.  of  Average  chron-        Average  basal         Average  total      Average  arrests      Average  arrests 

cases.  ological  age.  mental  age.  mental  age.         in  Boys  Court  in  Juv.  Ct. 

3  14.33  8.33  10.86  1.0  3.66 

Two  of  the  ^bove  were  cases  of  dementia  praecox  (pfropf hebephrenia).  One 
of  these  boys  was  in  a  reformatorj-  for  one  and  one-half  years  for  stealing  money 
from  his  father.  From  age  four  to  twelve  he  was  committed  for  incorrigibility 
to  a  juvenile  home.  Was  in  Juvenile  Court  four  times;  escaped  once  by  boldly 
walking  out  of  a  court  detention  room;  later  recaptured.  The  other  boy  was  in 
Juvenile  Court  six  times  and  once  in  Boys  Court.  He  has  been  in  St.  Charles: 
also  sentenced  to  Pontiac  for  a  year  and  a  fine  of  $100:  has  also  served  a  sentence 
in  the  House  of  Correction. 

—  64  — 


There  was  one  female  under  Boys  Court  age.  She  was  age  9,  qualitatively  a 
low  grade  sociopath  plus  dementia  praecox  (highly  sexed).  She  had  one  brother 
in  Joliet  Prison,  one  in  Pontiac  Reformatory,  and  her  sister  was  in  Morals  Court. 
They  all  are  low  grade  sociopaths  plus  dementia  praecox.  The  brother  who  was 
in  Joliet  later  suicided  and  the  father  is  suspected  of  having  suicided. 

Other  Cases  in  Boys  Court 

The  following  is  an  additional  group,  comprising  fourteen  cases  with  the 
following  mental  classification :  two  were  high  grade  borderland  sociopaths,  one 
age  19,  one  age  20,  both  psychopathic  and  alcoholic ;  two  low  grade  sociopaths,  one 
age  19,  dementia  praecox,  one  21,  dementia  praecox  and  alcoholic ;  five  were  high 
grade  morons,  four  of  whom  were  cases  of  dementia  praecox  of  which  one  was 
complicated  with  alcohol ;  one  was  psychopathic.  In  the  group  of  fourteen  cases 
there  were  also  two  cases  of  dementia  praecox,  one  age  16,  one  age  20.  There 
was  a  man,  age  35,  dementia  praecox  and  sex  pervert.  One  man,  age  41,  was 
epileptic  and  alcoholic ;  one  boy,  age  17,  idiot. 


Synopsis  of  Psychopathy  of  779  Cases  in  Boys'  Court 

Number 

of  Cases.            Percentage. 

Dementia  praecox    509  65.34 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism 79  10.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  drug  addiction 1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  moral  defect 28  3.59 

Dementia  praecox  plus  moral  defect  plus  excessive  masturba- 

bation  1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  homosexual 2  0.28 

Dementia  praecox  plus  juvenile  paresis 3  0.42 

Dementia  praecox  plus  drug  addiction 15  1.92 

Dementia  praecox  plus  hysteriform 1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  sex  pervert 3  0.42 

Dementia  praecox  plus  effeminate 3  0.42 

Dementia  praecox  plus  tuberculosis 2  0.28 

Dementia  praecox  plus  epileptic  plus  effeminate 1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  simulator 2  0.28 

Dementia  praecox  plus  hydrocephalus  plus  tuberculosis 1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  sodomist 1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  urning  (passive  pederast) 1  0.14 

Dementia  praecox  plus  pederast  plus  active  lues  plus  syphilitic 

condylomata  of  anal  region 1  0.14 

Psychopathic  constitution   83  10.65 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  alcoholism 19  2.43 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  alcoholism  plus  drugs 2  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  juvenile  paresis 2  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  efifeminate 2  0.28 

Epilepsy    10  1.41 

Epilepsy  plus  alcoholism 1  0.14 

Idiot  (one  bov,  age  17) 1  0.14 

Hysteria    ". 1  0.14 

Snuff  addict   (since  6  years  old) 1  0.14 

Congenital  lues    1  0.14 

Tuberculosis    2  0.28 


—  65 


School   Records 


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No.  cases  

Average  chron. 

Age    

Average  basal 

mental  age  . . 
Average  total 

mental  age  . . 
Average  age 

began  school 
Average  age 

left  school   . . 


Average  grade 


166 
18.83 
10.36 
12.58 

6.28 
14.93 

8.33 


158 
18.58 

9.95 
12-.28 

6.19 
14.79 

7.81 


101 

133 

18.4 

18.8 

9.9 

9.5 

12.2 

12.06 

6.1 

6.2 

14.5 

14.7 

7.4 

7.2 

31 
18.68 

9.0 
11.8 

6.22 
14.06 

6.5 


977 
18.42 

8.71 
11.08 

6.56 
14.29 

6.18 


304 

18.37 
7.84 
9.69 
6.96 

13.9 
4.86 


44 

18.23 
7.13 
8.6 

7.57 

13.62 

3.45 


3 
14.33 

8.33 
10.86 

7.66 
13.33 

6.33 


12 
25.25 

8.75 
11.44 

7.25 
14.50 

5.66 


It  must  always  be  borne  in  mind  that  many  boys  with  good  average  intelligence 
make  a  poor  school  showing  because  of  psychopathy,  such  as  psychopathic  consti- 
tution, dementia  praecox,  etc.,  a  rather  severe  reflection  on  our  school  systems  in 
their  handling  of  these  cases. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  statistics  that  the  mental  age  and  school 
grade  correspond  very  closely;  for  instance,  that  the  boy  with  the  nine-year-qld 
mentality  gets  as  far  as  the  fourth  grade  and  no  farther  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
he  continues  in  school  to  age  fourteen  or  fifteen ;  the  same  is  true  for  the  case 
with  a  ten-year-old  mentality,  the  fifth  grade  is  the  limit;  the  same  for  the  case 
with  an  eleven-year-old  mentalitj',  the  sixth  grade  is  reached  and  no  higher,  in  spite 
of  all  efforts  of  special  teachers,  special  classes,  etc.,  and  the  number  of  years  the 
case  attends. 

The  non-understanding  of  such  patent  and  clear-cut  facts  and  the  significance 
of  it  by  many  in  the  pedagogical  field  who  propose  to  eliminate  such  defectiveness 
by  prolonging  the  school  age  to  sixteen  years  is  quite  incomprehensible,  in  fact, 
legislation  along  such  lines  has  already  been  instituted,  which  is  another  lesson 
admonishing  us  that  legislation  along  these  and  similar  lines  should  only  be  based 
on  scientific  investigation  and  data. 

We  are  not  criticizing  this  extension  of  the  school  age  in  the  least  from  the 
additional  standpoint  that  the  cases  would  also  lose  two  years  in  learning  a  bread- 
winning  occupation,  for  our  experience  teaches  us  only  too  forcibly  that  our  cases 
on  the  whole  make  no  better  showing  here  than  in  school. 


gradut^ed  reached   third   and   two   reached   fourth   year   high    school;    none 


—  66  — 


Special  classes  should  only  be  under  supervision  of  a  psychologist  who  is  also 
a  psychiatrist  and  neurologist.  Many  feeble-minded  experts  without  these  latter 
qualifications  have  thrown  together  all  abnormal  cases  into  one  group  which  they 
in  their  naivete  believed  to  be  all  feeble-mindedness,  to  the  prejudice  of  all  involved, 
for  such  misunderstanding  and  inappropriate  treatments  and  maladjustments  as 
the  psychopaths  and  dementia  praecox  cases  get  under  these  conditions  are  very 
often  responsible  for  katatonic  accesses  and  even  typical  hysteriform,  epileptoid 
and  continued  katatonic  attacks,  the  latter  often  quite  prolonged.  Since  we  are. 
beginning  to  realize  that  much  of  the  secondary  dementia  in  dementia  praecox  and 
epilepsy  is  due  to  repeated  attacks  of  katatonia  in  the  former  and  convulsions  in 
the  latter,  we  should  proceed  here  with  more  circumspection.  Teachers  of  special 
classes  have  consulted  us  concerning  their  troublesome  cases,  sent  to  them  with 
the  diagnosis  of  feeble-mindedness  by  feeble-minded  experts,  when,  as  a  matter 
of  fact,  they  were  cases  with  normal  mentality,  but  suffering  from  psychopathic 
constitution,  dementia  praecox  or  juvenile  paresis. 

It  is  imperative  that  the  feeble-minded  and  psychopathic  cases  should  be  handled 
in  special  classes,  just  as  much  so  for  reformatories  as  schools,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
throughout  their  whole  school  career.  Those  with  combined  defect  should  be  placed 
in  the  psychopathic  class  and  the  curriculum  should  only  be  arranged  in  consulta- 
tion with  a  psychopathologist  after  a  thorough  examination  of  the  cases  and  such 
classes  should  be  under  the  direct  supervision  of  psjxhopathologists.  These  latter 
should  be  conscientious  enough  to  prepare  themselves  properly  for  the  important 
mission  they  will  be  entrusted  with,  bearing  so  directly  on  the  welfare  of  the  indi- 
vidual as  well  as  society,  for  it  will  be  here,  too,  that  cases  for  isolation  in  colonies» 
will  be  weeded  out.  The  following  should  be  the  minimum  requirements  for  such  a 
position :  five  years  in  the  general  practice  of  medicine  with  correlated  clinical  and 
laboratory  work,  specialization  in  psychiatry  and  neurology,  with  at  least  six  months' 
service  in  an  institution  for  the  feeble-minded  and  six  months  in  an  institution  for 
the  insane,  including  as  well  sufficient  psychological  preparation  and  laboratory 
work,  with  correlated  subjects  such  as  educational  psychology,  etc.  For  this  will 
be  the  place  eventually  in  which  our  defectives,  our  potential  criminals,  will  be 
detected  and  committed  directly  to  an  appropriate  custodial  institution  and  thus 
anticipate  their  delinquent  careers  to  the  ultimate  advantage  of  themselves  as  well 
as  society,  and  at  the  same  time  through  isolation  remove  the  most  prolific  source 
of  their  reproduction. 

The  vast  majority  of  our  boys  and  a  certain  percentage  of  our  girls  have  been 
chronic  truants  from  school,  especially  those  with  the  intelligence  of  morons  or 
lower.  Truancy  is  what  brings  quite  a  number  of  them  for  the  first  time  into  the 
Juvenile  Court.  According  to  their  mentality  they  begin  to  play  truant  when  the 
class  work  grows  bej'ond  their  capacit3\  Since  a  high  percentage  of  our  cases  test 
around  eleven  years  mentally,  we  find  as  a  correlate  these  begin  their  truancy  in 
the  sixth  and  seventh  grade.^jt* 

The  psychopath  and  praecox  are  also  given  to  running  away  and  truancy, 
though  on  the  whole  not  so  systematically  as  where  there  is  combined  defect. 

The  schools  harbor  about  two  per  cent  of  outspoken  defectives,  feeble-minded 
and  psychopathic.  These  two  per  cent  of  defectives  of  the  departing  class  of  the 
schools  are  thrown  out  upon  the  streets  each  year,  the  majority  sooner  or  late.* 

—  67  — 


to  be  thrown  on  their  own  resources.     We  all  know  that  such  defectives  cannoYx 
c. II form  to  normal  standards,  cannot  sustain  themselves,  and  that  they  will  conflict    ) 
with  environment,  with  the  law,  therefore  under  present  conditions  we  must^^e/ 
prepared  to  contend  with  tliis  static  influx  on  the  community  each  ytary^t  is 
practically  static,  whether  we  view  it  from  the  angle  of  the  schools,  tKe  drafted 
army,  criministically,  or  from  any  other  socio-economic  focus.     It  ofTers  no  more 
differences  in   this   respect  than  the  birth   and  death  statistics   do  to  actuaries   in 
computing  their  vital  statistics  and  predictions,  as  the  ranks  o£  the  defective  are 
recruited  each  year  by  this  influx.     It   shows  up   in  the  school,   in   the  Juvenile 
Court,  in  the  Boys,  Morals  and  bastardy  courts,  and,  in  fact,  in  all  socio-economic 
behavior. 

Formal  tests  for  general  diagnostic  purposes  in  many  respects  are  quite  super- 
fluous, as  after  all,  the  "world  test,"  the  ability  to  conform  in  general  behavior  to 
the  relatively  broad  margins  of  environment,  is  the  one,  in  the  last  analysis,  "worth 
in  terms  of  service  to  the  community,"  that  the  man  in  the  street  will  measure 
one's  fitness  or  unfitness  by.     The  "world  test"  is  a  test  of  the  socio-economic 
actions  and  reactions  of  the  individual  to  his  environment,  which  is  subjectively 
psychological  and  objectively  socio-economic.     It  takes  an  account  of  his  behavior 
from  birth  to  the  grave,  as  well  as  before  and  after,  of  his  heredity  through  his 
ascendants  and  descendants,  a  sort  of  debit  and  credit,  profit  and  loss  account  of 
his   worth   to   the   community.     This    takes    account   of    his    infancy,    school    and 
pconomic  preparatory  period,  and  employability  and  productivity.    The  vast  majority"^ 
of  the  cases  that  go  later  to  make  up  the  army  of  the  unemployable,  dependents    ' 
and  delinquents,  could  be  detected  and  isolated  in  their  early  years,  practically  all 
could  be  detected  not  later  than  the  school  years  and  segregated  at  this  time  to  the  ^ 
incalculable  advantage  of  all  concerned,  and  thus  anticipate  the  trials  and  tribula-   \ 
tions  of  the  Juvenile  Court,  the  various  specialized  courts  of  the  Municipal  Court,     | 
the  Criminal  Court,  and  finally  simplify  our  custodial  institutions  such  as  the  reform 
schools  and  reformatories,   work  houses,  alms   houses,  and  such   other  penal  and 
eleemosynary  institutions  and  organizations,  thus  reducing  their  number,  standard- 
izing the  work,  and  eliminating  much  of  the  secondary  wastefulness  of  time,  energj' 
and  money  and  disconnectedness  inherent  in  the  present  system.     It  would  also 
release  a  considerable  number  of  workers  in  medicine,  the  law,  ministry,  teaching^ 
profession,  and  social  service  work.     „_ —     ' 

If  any  other  machine  required  as  many  reparateurs  as  the  social  machine  does, 
necessitated  by  its  human  seconds,  it  would  be  quickly  changed. 

The  following  statistics  were  computed  from  the  records  on  file  in  the  Boys 
Court  and  only  approximate  actualities,  the  real  seriousness  of  conditions,  as  there 
is  no  system  of  identification  nor  checking  up  and  the  boy's  word  had  to  be  taken.      ' 
Almost  invariably,  where  we  have  been  able  to  check  up,  as  might  be  expected,      i 
the  records  were  much  worse  than  admitted  by  the  defendant.    They  cover  a  period      ' 
of  thirty-nine  months,  from  the  opening  of  the  court  on  April  1,  1914,  to  July  1, 
1917. 

Number  of  arrests  in  Boys  Court 24,524 

Number  of  defendants 18!696 

Average  number  of  arrests  for  each  defendant  in  Boys  Court 1.31 

Number  of  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court. " 2,071 

Number  of  defendants 1,392         ' 

Average  number  of  arrests  for  each  defendant  in  Juvenile  Court 1.49    I, 

Combined  average  individual  arrests,  both  courts 2.80     t 

Percentage  of  boys  admitting  having  been  in  Juvenile  Court 7.44 

—  68  — 


Number  of  commitments  to  Parental  School  before  becoming  of  Boys 

Court  age 264 

Number  of  individuals  committed 233 

Average  commitments  per  individual  to  Parental  School 1.13 

Number  of  commitments  to  John  Worthy  School 263 

Number  of  individuals  committed  238 

Average  commitment  per  individual 1-12 

Combined  average  individual  arrests,  Parental  School  and  John  Worthy 

School   2.25 

Number  of  commitments  to  St.  Charles  Reform  School 221 

Number  of  individuals  committed 196 

Average  commitment  per  individual 113 

Combined    average    individual    commitments,    Parental    School,    John 

Worthy  School  and  St.  Charles  Reform  School 3.38 

Number  of  commitments  to   Pontiac  Reformatory 242 

Number  of  individuals  committed 238 

Average  commitment  per  individual 1.02 

Combined   average   individual   arrests,    Parental    School,   John   Worthy 

School,  St.  Charles  Reform  School  and  Pontiac  Reformatory 4.30 

Average  arrests  monthly  in  Boys  Court 628.79 

Average  defendants  monthly  in  Boys  Court 479.38 

(No  records  are  kept  here  of  arrests  on  our  cases  beyond  the  Juve- 
nile Court  age  and  before  the  opening  of  the  Boys  Court.) 

Sentences  to  House  of  Correction 1,538 

Number  of  defendants 1,462 

Average  sentence  per  defendant 1.05 

Approximate  cost  to  the  city  of  those  sentenced  to  House  of  Correction 

at  estimate  of  twelve  hundred  dollars  per  conviction $1,845,600.00 

(This  does  not  include  those  sent  to  Pontiac  Reformatory,  receiving 
jail  sentences,  held  to  Criminal  Court,  placed  on  probation,  fined, 
committed  to  feeble-minded  institutions,  insane  asylums,  etc.) 
Arrests  in  outside  criminal  branches  of  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago 
before  Boys  Court  was  opened,  based  on  admissions  on  boys  them- 
selves           2,531 

Number  of  defendants 1,867 

Average  arrests  for  each  defendant 1.36 

Combined    individual    arrests   or   commitments.    Parental    School,   John 

Worthy  School,  St.  Charles  Reform  School,  Pontiac,  Outside  Courts  5.66 
Number  of  commitments   to  other  institutions  not  included   in  any  of 
foregoing,   such   as   Reform    Schools,    Glenwood,    Feehanville,    Lin- 
coln, St.  INlary's,  Insane  Hospitals,  Cook  County  School,  etc 125 

Number  of  individuals  committed 118 

Average  commitment  per  individual 1.06 

Combined    individual    arrests   or   commitments,    Parental    School,    John 
Worthy  School,   St.  Charles  Reform  School,  Pontiac  Reformatory, 

Outside  Courts,  Miscellaneous 6.72 

As  a  matter  of  interest  we  append  herewith  the  summary  of  a  random  selection 
of  117  cases  from  the  Boys  Court  that  were  either  sentenced  to  Pontiac  Reformatory 
directly  from  the  court  or  held  to  the  Grand  Jury  and  then  sentenced  from  the 
Criminal  Court. 

Some  of  these  cases  had  been  examined  when  under  arrest  on  a  previous  occa- 
sion, some  at  the  time  of  the  arrest,  which  occasioned  their  being  sent  to  Pontiac, 
others  after  they  had  served  time  in  Pontiac,  been  released  and  rearrested. 

Records  of  arrest  on  Pontiac  cases  are  more  or  less  incomplete  because  many 
reach  their  twenty-first  birthday  and  are  therefore  beyond  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
Boys  Court  and  because  many  Pontiac  boys  who  break  their  parole  are  sent 
directly  back  to  Pontiac  without  going  through  the  court  and  having  a  trial  on 
their  new  charges. 

—  69  — 


Records  of  Arrests 


Ca»e     Age 


Date  in 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


A.  L. 


W.  K. 


18 


J.  A. 


B.  A. 


B.N. 


20 


17 


J.I. 


17 


ll-9-'l5 


2-8- '15 


l2-2-'I4 


II-20-'l7 

In.  Lab. 

from  M.  C. 


6-30-' 14 


IO-7-'I4 


[igli  grade  moron  plus 
dementia  orsecox  . . 


of 


Ct. 


re- 
of 


High  grade  sociopath: 


High  grade  moron 
plus  alcoholic' 
abuse   


High    grade    border- 
land moron,  demen- 
tia    prsecox     hebe- ' 
phrenia   


Fair  average  intelli- 
gence plus  psycho- 
pathic   


High  grade  moron. 


9-28-'14  2012  (disorderly),  disch. 
10-7-'14   Larceny,   10  days   House 

Cor.,  $1  and  costs. 
6-3-'15   2012,   disch. 
6-24-'15    Larceny,   held   to    Crim. 

bond  $1500,  6  mo.  County  Jail. 
ll-24-'16    Stole   stolen   auto   and 

turned  it  to  owner   for  reward 

$100;    held    to    Crim.    Ct.,    $1500, 

Pontiac. 
,ll-28-'17  Stole  auto.  House  of  Cor.  2 

mo. 

'l0-7-'14  Burglary,  held  to  Crim  Ct. 
1-11-'15  2012,  disch. 
S-4-'15    Larceny,    held    to    Crim    Ct. 

$500,   Pontiac. 

jl  arrest  in  Juv.  Ct. 

7-9-'14  2012.  disch. 

10-9-14  2012,  drew  a  knife  on  a  man, 
fined  $15  and  costs,  House  of  Cor. 
42  days. 
12-2-'14  Robbery,  held  to   Crim.   Ct., 

Pontiac. 
3-7-'17  Larceny,  disch.  for    want    of 

prosecution. 
4-3-'17  2012,  disch. 
5-21-17  2012,  disch. 

11-12-17  Robber}',    accused    of    jack- 
rolling,  disch. 
,1  arrest  in  Juv.  Ct. 
'7-21-'15  Larceny,  disch. 
9-15-16  Caught    at    Fox    Lake    with 

stolen  auto;  Pontiac. 
1  arrest  in  Juv.  Ct. 

6-30-'14  Burglary,  prob.  1  yr.,  restitu- 
tion $10. 

7-21-'16  Burglary,  broke  in  store  and 
opened  safe  with  hammer ;  Crim. 
Ct.  $3,000,  Pontiac. 

f  10-7-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct,  Pontiac. 

6-ll-'17  2012,  disch. 

10-1-17  Susp.  robbery,  disch. 

12-3-17  2012.  fined  $25. 

12-17-'17  2012,  $15  and  costs,  House 
of  Cor. 

12-22--17  2012,  disch. 

2-13-;i8  Vag.,  3  mo.   House  of  Cor. 

Previous  arrests  9. 
l^Also  Juv.  Ct.  arrest. 


—  70  — 


R  0. 


10-20-' 15 


Middle  grade  moron, 


T.N, 


17 


12-2-'14 


T.  E. 


19 


3-15-*15 


Pligh  grade  moron  . 
plus  dementia  prse-"^ 
cox    


High  grade  moron. 


J.T. 


17 


4-14-'I5 


S.  R. 


16 


10-5-'14 


High  grade  moron. 


1 


High  grade  moron, 


f4-22-'l4  Larceny,  Juv.  Ct,  disch. 
7-27-14  2012,  disch. 
5-22-15    Burglary,    broke    into    tailor 

shop,   Crim.   Ct.,   $1,000,   found   not 

guilty. 

10-19-'15      Burglary,      stole       auto, 

Crim.  Ct.,  Pontiac. 
10-19-'15  Crimes  against  nature. 

'l2-2-'14  2012,  disch. 
12-14-'14  2012,  was  drunk.    House  of 

Cor.,  $10  and  costs. 
3-20-'15  Mother  had  him  arrested,  his 

brother  also,  fined  $100,  prob.  6  mo. 
4-10-'l§  Burglary  (2),  disch. 
4-17-'15  Stole  brass.  House  of  Cor.  3 

mo.,  $1  and  costs. 

7-21-'15  2012,  disch. 

7-31-'15  2012,  sitting  in  vacant  flat, 
disch. 

8-18-'15  Stole  a  Ford,  disch. 

3-ll-'16  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct,  $2,000. 

5-23-'17  2012,  $25  and  costs.  House  of 

Cor.,  motion  to  vacate,  disch. 
6-7-'l 7    Burglary,    Crim.    Ct,    $2,000, 

Pontiac. 

Juv.  Ct  3  times;  18  mo.  in  St. 
Charles. 

3-15-'15  Stealing  lead  pipe,  prob.  1 
yr.,  restitution  $10. 

10-21-'16  Robbery  and  hold-up,  ar- 
rested in  saloon  during  shooting  in 
hallway;    Crim.    Ct,  $500,    Pontiac. 

4-13-'14  Larceny,  prob.  6  mo. 

8-3-'14  Larceny,  House  of  Cor.  30 
days. 

9-14-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct,  $2,000. 
j  12-23-'14  Robbery  (3),  Crim.  Ct, 
l^     $1,000  each  charge,  Pontiac. 

^4-2-'14,  Larceny,  disch. 

I0-5-'14  Robbery,  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,500. 

l-25-'16  Burglary  and  larceny;  bur- 
glary 1  yr.  in  House  of  Cor.,  $200 
and  costs;  larceny,  prob.  1  yr. 

l-2-'17  2157  (disobeying  traffic  regu- 
lations), $1,  paid. 

2-10-'17  Larceny,  stole  $64  from  drug- 
gist Crim.  Ct.  $1,500,  Pontiac. 

Juv.  Ct,  John  Worthy  School,  St. 
Charles  1  vr. 


—  71  — 


Case 


Age 


E.  I. 

W.  E. 
J.L. 

V.  L. 

A.  A. 

J.N. 

B.  E. 


J.E. 


LH. 


B.E. 


17 

17 
19 

17 
17 
20 


17 


17 


18 


Date  in 
Ub. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


6-7-' 16  Iligli  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prae- 
cox   


10-27-' 14  High  grade  moron... 

9-14-' 14  Borderland  sociopath 
plus  dementia  pr^e-- 
co.x   hebephrenia... 

12-6-'16  High  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  pre- 
cox   hebephrenia. . . 


5-2-' 16  High  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  pras- 
co.x    hebephrenia... 


5-29-' 14  High  grade  moron. 


ll-8-'16 
ll-20-'14 


5-25-'14 


6-14-'15 


ll-8-'16 


Low  giade  sociopath 
plus  dementia  prse^ 
co.x 


High  grade  moron. 


High    grade    moron 
plus    psychopathic. 


6-29-' 16  2012,  prob.  1  yr. 

8-26-' 16  2012,  disch. 

1-19-'17  2012,  accused  of  burglary. 
1  4-20-'17   Burglary,    Crim.   Ct.,   $1,000, 
I       Pgntiac. 
Ljuv.  Ct.  6  times;  St.  Charles  twice. 

10-27-'14  Burglary,  sent  to  Pontiac. 

r8-3-'14     Larceny,      violated      parole, 

J      House  of  Cor.  30  days. 

i  9-14-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,000. 

Ll2-23-'14  Robbery  (3),  Pontiac. 

r  12-6-16  Robbery  (2),  held  up  2  men 
<  with  gun,  Crim.  Ct.,  $6,000,  Pon- 
(      tiac. 

r4-25-'16   Larceny    (2),   climbed   poles 
and  cut  copper  wire,  prob.  1  yr. 

J  8-5-' 16     Attempt     robbery,     $25     and 
costs. 
11-1-'16   Burglary,    riding    in    stolen 
cars,  Crim.  Ct.  $1,500,  Pontiac. 

2-17-'15,  Crim.  Ct.,  Pontiac. 

ll-20-'14  Assault,  Crim.  Ct,  $10,000, 

Pontiac. 
ll-8-'16  Robbery,  held  up  saloon  with 

gun,  Crim.  Ct.,  $5,000. 
Juv.  Ct.  3  times,  John  Worthy  School 

3  times. 

5-25-'14  2012,  disch. 

9-18-'15   rec.   stolen   property;     Crim. 

Ct,  $1,500,  Pontiac. 
l-26-'18  2012,  taken  out  of  pool  room. 
Juv.  Ct  once. 
r5-14-'15  2012,  disch. 
6-14-'15  2012,  $25  and  costs,  House  of 

Cor. 

9-24-'15    Burglary,    Crim.    Ct.,   $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  twice,  John  Worthy  School 

twice. 


J 


I 


Low  grade  sociopath 
plus  dementia  prx- 
cox    


^11-20-14  Assault,    deadly   weapon   to 

commit  murder,  Crim.  Ct.,  $10,000, 

Pontiac. 
l-7-'15  Rec.  stolen  property  (2),   (1) 

disch.,    (2)    fined    $10    and     costs, 

paid. 
ll-8-'16   Held    up    saloon,    had     gun, 

Crim.   Ct.,  $5,000,   Pontiac. 
Juv.  pt  3  times,  John  Worthy  School 

3  times. 


—  72  — 


Case 


Age 


Date  in 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


H.  R. 


17 


6-5-'14 


M.S. 


17 


6-28-' 15 


J.I. 


19 


-20-17 


R.  E. 


A.  L 


W.  E. 


2-5-'17 


Middle    grade    moron 
plus   dementia   prse-  ^ 
cox  hebephrenia. . , 


f6-S-'14  2012,  disch. 
7-6-'14  2012,  fined  $10  and  costs. 
10-22-'14  2012,  fined  $5  and  costs. 
10-26-'14  2012,  disch. 
ll-5-'14  2012,  fined  $5  and  costs. 
12-5-'14  Out  of  House  of  Cor.  1  week, 

2012,  fined  $100  and  costs. 
7-12-'15  Hold-up,  told  man  to  hold  up 

hands,  man  refused,  case  shot  him ; 

Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000,  Pontiac. 
John  Worthy  School  2  months. 
'^IS  previous  arrests. 


Middle    grade    moron 
plus    dementia  nrae-^ 
cox    


prse- 


High  grade  border- 
land sociopath  plus- 
psychopathic    


High    grade    moron 
plus   dementia  prae-< 
cox  


11-12-*I5 


9-14-14 


High  grade  moron. 


High  grade  moron... -i 


^6-28-'15  Larceny  by  bailee,  prob.  1  yr., 
restitution  of  $1. 
10-17-'16   Robbery,   held   up   man    in 
Consumer's  Co.,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,500, 
Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  once. 
^2  previous  arrests. 

8-31-'16  Larceny,  stole  auto,  prob.  1 
yr. 

l-20-'17  Robbery,  accused  of  hold-up, 
"^  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500  on  each  charge, 
I       Pontiac. 

(^Juvenile  Court  once. 

''4-3-'16  Stole  3  Fords,  6  mo.  House 
of  Cor.,  motion  to  vacate. 

l-20-'17  Shooting  in  city  limits,  $5 
fine  paid. 

2-5-'17  Robbery,  in  on  3  stick-up  jobs 
with   gun,   Crim.   Ct.,   $2,500,   Pon- 

.     tiac. 

'll-2-'15  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500, 
prob.  1  yr. 

4-12-'16  Burglary  and  larceny,  Crim. 
Ct,  $1,500,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  plus  $100 
and  costs. 

12-29-'17  2012,  was  in  car  not  belong- 
ing to  him,  boy  with  him  had  gun, 
$200  and  costs. 

r8-12-'14  66  ch.  S.  P.  O.,  2012  in  park, 
House  of  Cor.,  $25  and  costs.  Out 
of  work  3  mo.,  mother  in  epileptic 
hospital  at  St.  Charles. 

9-14-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,000. 

12-23-'14  Robbery  (3),  Crim.  Ct, 
$1,000  each  charge,  Pontiac. 


73  — 


Case 


Arrests 


J.  C. 


l-6-'16 


E.  E. 


19 


7-7-'l6 


J.  L 


F.  S. 


17 


5-I4-'15 


I-I3-'15 


W.  A. 


20 


6-15-'I4 


F.  K. 


7-22- 


n  i  g  h  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prse- 
cox    


High  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prse- 
cox    


High  grade  moron. 


High  grade  moron.., 


Middle  grade  moron. 


High     grade     moron  > 


^S-19-'1S    Tried    to    hold     up    grocery 

clerk,  House  of  Cor.  3  mo.,  $1  and 

costs. 
9-16-'15    Broke    into    grocery    store, 

caught  in   store,   Crim.   Ct,  $1,500, 

Pontiac. 
Previous  arrests,  1  for  robbery,  2  for 

larceny. 

/^1-16-'14  Larceny,  disch. 
3-12-'15  Larceny  (2),  House  of  Cor., 

$1  on  one  charge,  other  disch. 
9-23-'lS  Stealing  grain  from  railway. 

House  of  Cor.    30    days,    $1    and 

costs. 
7-7-'16  Larceny,  stole  a  horse,  Crim. 

Ct,  $2,000,  Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  3  times,  St.  Charles  18  mo., 
1^     2  mo.  and  IJ^  yrs. 

r3-31-'17  Held  up  man   7  p.  m.   with 
J       gun,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500,  Pontiac. 
I  Placed  on  prob.  3-6-17  for  larceny. 
I  Juv.  Ct.  4  times. 

ri-13-'15   Burglary,    Crim.   Ct.,    $1000, 
J       Pontiac. 
I  Previous    arrest    larceny,    served    15 
t     days. 

5-24-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000. 
6-15-'14   Accused   of   following   man, 

disch. 
8-8-'14  2012,  prob.  6  mo. 
ll-24-'14  Larceny,   Crim.   Ct.,   $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
Previous  arrest  for   larceny;   House 

of  Cor.  8  mo. 
Juv.  Ct.  once;  served  3  mo.  in  John 

Worthy  School. 

7-22-'14  Larceny,  disch. 

10-17-'14    Burglary,   House   of    Cor., 

$25  and  costs. 
3-30-'15  Larceny,  stole  2  hams  off  a 

wagon,  disch. 
4-24-'15  Stole  tools  from  railway  car, 

returned    them,    6    mo.    House  of 

Cor.,  $1  and  costs. 
5-22-'15   2059,   trespassing   on   R.   R., 

fined  $25  and  costs.  House  of  Cor. 
l-7-'16  Poolroom  raid,  disposition  un- 
known. 
l-25-'16  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct,  Pontiac. 
Two  or  3  previous  arrests,  once    in 

Juv.  Ct,  sent  from  there  to  John 

Worthy  School. 


—  74  — 


Case 


Age 


Date  in 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


J.  I. 


2-2I-'l6 


High  grade  moron ^ 
plus  dementia  pr^s-"^ 
cox    


P.N. 


19 


6-8-. 16 


High    grade    moron 
plus    psychopathic.    "^ 


E.  A. 


19 


7-31-'14 


Average      Intelligence 
plus   dementia  pr2e--< 

cox     


E.  U. 


17 


12-13-*16 


Hiffh     grade    border- 
land     moron     plus^ 
psychopathic   


B.N. 


17 


11-1-'16 


Fair  average  intelli- 
gence plus  psycho- 
pathic     


^l-23-'15  Signed  employer's  name  to 
$3.63  check,  2  charges  of  forgery 
and  1  false  pretense,  prob.  1  yr. 

2-4-'16  Conspiracy  to  rob,  picked  up 
in  poolroom,  accused  of  trying  to 
rob  minister,  disch. 

3-21-'16  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $3,000, 
Pontiac. 

'6-8-' 16  Tried  to  break  into  junk  deal- 
er's, Crim.  Ct,  $2,000,  prob.  1  yr. 
8-21 -'16  Assault  with  deadly  weapon, 

$100  and  costs. 
4-26-'17   Burglary,   Crim.   Ct.,   $1,500, 

Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  3  times;  St.  Charles  15  mo., 
,     Parental  School  twice. 

'7-6-'14  2012,  disch. 

7-31-'14  Larceny,  disch. 

12-28-'14  Larceny,  House  of  Cor.,  6 
mo.,  $1  and  costs. 

4-24-'lS  Burglary,  disch. 

8-13-'lS  Accused  of  stealing  auto, 
disch. 

9-14-'16  Robbery.  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000,  8 
mo.  County  Jail. 

10-29-'17  Attempt  rape  and   robbery, 
woman    complainant    33    yrs.    old, 
Crim.  Ct.  $1,500  each  charge,  Pon- 
tiac. 
^Juv.  Ct.  once;  John  Worthy  3  mo. 

^10-30-'15  Broke  into  3  stores,  out  of 
1  got  $17,  2d  $5  and  3d  $52,  disch. 

8-28-'16  Had  gun,  $100  and  costs. 

12-5-'16  On  street  3  a.  m.,  disch. 

l-8-'17  Robbery,  rec.  stolen  property, 
on  one  disch.,  on  other  House  of 
Cor.,  3  mo.,  $1  and  costs. 

S-5-'I7  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.  $1,000,  not 
guilty. 

10-9-'17  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500, 
Pontiac. 

Juv.  Ct.  twice ;  St.  Charles.  1  yr.,  and 
18  mo.,  larceny. 

4-25-16  Larceny  (3),  stole  copper 
wire  from  telephone  poles.  House 
of  Cor.  6  mo.,  motion  to  vacate, 
prob.  1  yr. 

11-1-'16  Burglary,  broke  into  auto 
.     garage,   Crim.   Ct.,  $1,500,    Pontiac. 


75  — 


Caie 


Age 


Date  in 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


CD. 


l2-7-'l5 


J.  E. 


J.  A. 


20 


17 


10-24-16 


8-10-'16 


F.  T. 


20 


4-10-'l7 


G.  H. 


F.  0. 


J.E. 


21 


17 


17 


5-27-14 


l2-4-'l4 


lI-20-'15 


(married) 


G.  L 


19 


3-9-' 17 


Average      intelligence 
plus   dementia  prae-^ 

cox    


r9-22-'14  2012,  disch. 
12-7-'15  Robbery  (2),  held  up  2  men 

with   gun,    Crim.    Ct,    $2,000    each 

charge. 
12-13-'15  Burglary   (2),  broke  into  2 

flats,   stole    clothing    and    jewelry, 

Crim.  Ct,  $2,000  each  charge,  Pon- 

tiac. 
Has  since  left  Pontiac  and  been  killed 

in  hold-up. 


High  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prae- 
cox   

Average  intelligence 
plus  dementia  prae-- 
cox  plus  alcoholic. . 


I  11-1-' 
I      Cri 


16     Crimes     against     children, 
im.  Ct,  $1,500,  Pontiac. 


High  grade  moron. 


High    grade    moron 
plus   dementia  prae-- 
cox    


High  grade  moron. 


Middle  grade  moron. 


High     grade    moron 
plus   dementia  prse-^; 
cox    


'8-15-'16  Burglary,  assault  to  kill, 
broke  into  house  at  night  was 
caught,  Crim.  Ct,  $400,  Pontiac. 

^Previous  arrest  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

'8-19-'14     Burglary     (2)      Crim.     Ct, 

$1,000  each  charge,  1  yr.  prob. 
12-1-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,000. 
l-27-'lS  Poolroom  raid,  disch. 
2-16-'15   Burglary,    Crim.    Ct,   $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
4-10-'17    Burglary,    Crim.    Ct.,   $1,000, 

House  of  Cor.  9  mo. 
^In  Parental  School. 

'2-14-17  Robbery,  held  up  3  Marshall 
Field  drivers  with  gun,  got  $57, 
Crim.  Ct,  $1,000  each  charge,  Pon- 
tiac. 

'10-29-14  2012,  prob.  6  mo. 

12-4-'14  2012,  disch. 

4-26-'15  Stole  auto,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500, 
.     Pontiac. 

'6-26-'16  Robbery,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,500. 
7-14-'16   Robbery,   hold-up  with  gun, 

Pontiac. 
.Juv.  Ct.  twice. 

'l-4-'17  2012,  prob.  6  mo. 
l-30-'17  2012,  on  street  2  a.  m.,  disch. 
3-9-' 17  Robbery,   10    or    11    stick-up 
jobs.  9  charges   held   to   Crim.   Ct. 
on   $3,000   each,    others    disch.    for 
want  of  prosecution,   Pontiac. 
2  previous  arrests  Ft  Wayne. 
Served  2  yrs.   7  mo.  in  reformatory, 
^     Plainfield,  Ind. 


76 


Age 


Date  in 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


20 


19 


19 


17 


T.  K. 


17 


9-8-' 16 


l-26-'I6 


I-5-*15 


Middle  grade    moron 
plus    acute    syphilis : 
and  cerebral  lesion. 


8-9-'15  Larceny,  prob.  1  yr. 

9-8-'16  2012,  fight,  disch. 

3-30-'17   Burglary,   stole    brass    from 

boat  house,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,500,  Pon- 

tiac. 


High  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  pre- 
cox   

High  grade  moron. . . 


!' 


-26-' 16  Robbery,  held  up  2  men  with 
gun,  Crim.  $6,000,  Pontiac. 


7-22-*14 


1-14-'15 


12-3-'I4 


6-8-' 14 


2-10-'lS  Burglary  (3),  disch.  on  one. 
on  other  2  held  to  Crim.  Ct.  $1,000 
each.  Pontiac. 

7-22-'14  Larceny,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000, 
paroled. 

7-18-'14   2012,    hanging    round    pool- 
room, disch. 
High  grade  moron...  "^  4-l5-'l5    Larceny,    Crim.    Ct.,    $1,000, 
Pontiac. 

7-25-'17  Larceny,  turned  over  to  pa- 
role agent  from  Pontiac. 

(^9-29-'14  Larceny,  House  of    Cor.  20 
days. 
1-14-'1S    Burglary,    Crim.   Ct,   $1,000, 
<^       Pontiac. 
I  5-24-'17  2012,  disch. 
2  previous  arrests;  has  been  in  Juv. 


High  grade  moron... 


Middle  grade  moron. 


Ct. 

12-3-'14     Burglary      (5),    Crim. 
$1,000  each,  Pontiac. 


Ct.. 


9-8-'16 


High     grade    border- 
land moron. . . , 


High    grade    moron  ^ 
plus    ps3^chopathic. 


f  6-8-'14  2012,  discharged. 
4-23-'l5  2012,  disch. 
4-26-'15  Broke  into  restaurant,  Crim. 
Ct.,  $1,500,  Pontiac. 
^  Previous    arrest,    served    6    mo.    in 
House  of  Cor. 
Has     been     in     St.     Charles,     John 
V,     Worthy  School  and  Feehanville. 

^4-3-'16  2012,  disch. 
9-l-'16  Burglary,  disch. 
9-27-'16    2012    Sleeping    in    basement, 

disch. 
12-15-'16  Burglary,  broke  into  house. 

got  clothes,  watch  and  ring,  Crim. 

Ct.  $1,000,  Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  3  times. 
St.   Charles    14    mo.,    John    Worthy 

School  twice,  6  mo.  and  4  mo. 


—  77  — 


Ca*e 


Age 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


S.  T. 


19 


I2-II-'I6 


T.  W. 


19 


6-8-'I6 


E.  0. 


20 


I2-9-'I6 


J.I. 


18 


5-24-' 17 


Migli  grade  moron. 


High    grade    moron 
plus    psychopathic. 


Low    grade    sociopath 
plus   dementia  prae-^ 
cox  


High  grade  sociopath, 
plus   psychopathic. 


12-24-'15  2012   Sleeping    in    hallway, 

disch. 
3-20-'15  2012,  disch. 
7-29-'15   Burglary,   stole  bicycle  from 

3  boys  who  had  previously  stolen 

it,  disch. 
8-30-'15     Burglary      (3),    Crim.    Ct, 

$1,500  each  charge. 
l-3-'16  2012  Watchman  caught  him  in 
•X      alley  2:30  a.   m.,    fined    $200    and 

costs. 
8-4-'16  2012,  disch. 
8-10-'16    Burglary,    broke   into   house 

and  got  caught,  $25  and  costs. 
12-11-'16    Burglary,    assault     to    kill, 

Crim.  Ct,  $1,000  each  charge,  Pon- 

tiac. 
Juv.  Ct.    twice;    has    been    in    John 

Worthy  School. 


S-ll-'lS    2012    Sleeping   in    barn,    $25 

and  costs,  paroled  6  mo. 
1-10-'16  2012,  disch. 
3-14-'16  2012  In  alley  1  a.  m.,  $10  and 

costs. 
6-8-'16  Attempt  burglary,   Crim.   Ct, 

$5,000,  prob.  1  yr. 
1-19-'17  Larceny,   30   days   House  of 

Cor.,  $1  and  costs. 
4-26-' 17   Burglary,   broke   into   Edee- 

brook    Station,     Crim.    Ct,    $1,500, 

Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct  once. 
^Has  been  in  Glenwood  as  dependent. 

^7-20-'14  Larceny,  prob.  1  yr. 
12-14-'14  2012,  $10  and  costs.  House 
of  Cor. 

10-20-'15  2012  on  railroad  property, 
disch. 

12-31-'15  Trespassing  on  railroad, 
trying  to  beat  way  out  of  town, 
prob.  1  yr. 

12-9-'16  Robbery,  robbed  a  junk  man, 
took  him  into  barn  to  hold  him  up, 
Crim.  Ct,  $1,000,  Pontiac. 

5-24-'17  False   pretense,   got   suit    of 
clothes,    3    silk    shirts,    ties,    shoes 
and  hat  on  account,  prob.  1  j'r. 
"I  7-12-'17  Con  game,   forged  and  tried 
I       to  pass  check  of  $100,  Crim.  Ct. 
i2,S00  each  charge,  Pontiac. 


L$^ 


—  78  — 


Gise 


Age 


J.u.  I 


P.  K. 


17 


19 


F.  K. 


20 


T.  C. 


19 


J.C. 


17 


Date  in 
Ub. 


10-29-*  15 


1I-1-'I6 


(brother 


W.  T. 


18 


(colored) 


F.E.       18 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


High  grade  moron. . 


5-28-'14 
1-13-'16 


9-14-'17 


l-20-'15 
to  T.  C.) 


'2-26- U  2012,  disch. 
S-2-'14     Larceny,     stealing      lumber, 
House  of  Cor.  5  days,  $1  and  costs. 
7-9-'15  2012,  disch. 
10-29-'15  Larceny,  Crim.  Ct.,  $500. 
9-28-'16  2012,  fined  $1. 
ll-8-'16  Robbery  and  stick-up,  Crim. 

Ct.,  $1,500,  Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  once,  stole  a  football,  prob. 

f  4-18-'16  2012,  disch. 
High    grade    moron  J   jQ_3j.,jg     Robbery,      Crim.      Ct.     2 
plus   dementia  prs-<(      charges,   $2,000   each   charge,   Pon- 
tiac. 


r4-24-'14  2012,  disch. 

5-28-'14  2012,  disch. 

2-17-'15  Larceny,  House  of  Cor.  30 
days,  $1  and  costs. 

4-24-'15  2031,  vagrancy,  disch. 

8-10-'15  Vagrancy,  disch. 

1-13-'16  Robbery,  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,000, 
'^     Pontiac. 

12-2-'16  Larceny,  prob.  1  yr. 

10-14-'17  Burglary,  larceny  and  con 
game,  disch.  on  con  game  and  bur- 
glary, on  larceny  charge  House  of 
Cor. 


Middle  grade  moron.  ^ 


High  grade  moron. 


U 


uv.  Ct.  once. 


High  grade  moron. 


4-19-'l5 


5-24-15' 


■l-20-'15  2012,  disch. 

l-26-'15  Larceny  (2),  one  disch., 
other  House  of  Cor.  30  days,  mo- 
tion to  vacate,  prob.  6  mo. 

3-ll-'15  2012  In  vacant  lot  2  p.  m., 
disch. 

4-23-'15  Larceny,  House  of  Cor.  30 
days,  $1(X)  and  costs. 

5-3-'16  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct..  $3,000, 
Pontiac. 

Juv.  Ct.  3  times. 

Parental  School  Syl  mo.,  John 
Worthy  School  4  mo.  and  3  mo. 


.A.verage  intelligence 
plus  dementia  prse- 
cox    


i; 


4-29-'15  Rape,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000,  Pon- 
tiac. 
previous  arrest,  disch. 


„.  ,  ,  I  5-24-'15     Cr 

High  grade  moron...  <^       q^-^^    q 


$2,000,  Pontiac. 


79 


Case 


Age 


Date  in 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


P.  C. 


E.O. 


W.  F. 


A.  T. 

H.  D. 
G.T. 


J.  M. 


18 


II-I2-'I4 


19 


I0-13-'I4 


I2-4-'I7 


17 


19 


19 


(colored) 


F.K. 


19 


1  ligli  grade  moron. 


Low  gradf   moron. 


High     grade    border- 
land moron  plus  de-  = 
mcntia  prsecox 


10-17-'14  2012,  disch. 
ll-27-'14  2012,  $10and  costs. 
,  J  12-7-'14  Robbery  and  larceny,  House 
of  Cor.  6  mo. 
7-31-'l5  Robbery    (8)    and   1   larceny, 
v_     Crim.  Ct.,  Pontiac. 

^10-13-'14  Larceny,  disch. 
2-19-'l5  Larceny,  prob.  6  mo. 
5-20-'15  2012,  $25  and  costs. 
-=^  7-30-'15   Larceny,   House   of  Cor.    10 
days. 
9-9-'15    Burglary,     stole    5    bicycles, 
~     Crim.  Ct,  Pontiac. 

'10-20-'14  Larceny  and  burglary,  Crim. 

Ct,  $1,000,  Pontiac. 
12-4-'17   Accused    of   robbery,     Crim. 

Ct,  $1,000. 
Twice  in  Juv.  Ct  2012. 


6-14-'14 


6-9-' 
9-17- 


14 


•14 


High  grade  moron... -< 


3-20-' 15 


2-4-' 16 


6-lS-'14  Larceny,  prob.  1  yr. 

8-ll-'14  2012,  disch. 

8-9-'15  Burglary  (2)  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000 

each,  Pontiac. 
2  previous   arrests   for    burglary,   on 

one  disch.,  other  $100  and  costs. 

,r.  ,  ,  i  l-3-'l5    Robbery,    Crim.    Ct.,    $3,000, 

High  grade  moron. . .  \      jdiet  from  1  to  14  yrs. 

r3-24-'14  2012,  disch. 
High    grade    border- J  9-17-'14  2012,  disch. 

land   moron "S  2-16-'15  Held  up  5  men  with  toy  gun, 

L     Crim.  Ct,  Pontiac. 

^3-18-'15  Burglary,  broke  into  butcher 
shop,  disch. 
ll-25-'15  Larceny,  disch. 
3-9-'16  Larceny,  Crim.  Ct.,  House  of 

Cor.  6  mo. 
7-7-'16  2012  and   larcenv,    Crim.    Ct., 
-    $1,000,  Pontiac. 

'3-19-'14  2012,  dich. 
12-14-'14  2012,  disch. 
12-17-'14  Larceny,  House  of  Cor.  $1 

and  costs. 
6-7-'15  2012,  disch. 
ll-6-'lS   Stole  pocketbook.   House  of 

Cor.  2  mo.,  $1  and  costs. 
2-4-'16  Assault  attempt  to  kill,  Crim. 

Ct,  Pontiac. 


High  grade  moron...  <; 


High    grade    moron 
plus   demei  tia  prae--< 

CO.K     


—  80  — 


Case 


Age 


Date  in 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


I.  R. 


H.  U. 


A.E. 


R.  B. 


19 


19 


17 


J.  B 


15 


5-27-'14 


High  grade  moron. 


2-19-'15 


2-9-' 15 


i2-7-'15 


1-4-'!^ 
10-30-'17 
(baby  bandit) 
(brother  to  R.  B.) 


f  5-27-'14  2012,  disch. 
8-14-'14  2012,  House  of  Cor.,  $50  and 

costs. 
8-22-'14  2012,  $25  and  costs. 
ll-28-'14  Robbery,  disch. 
l-2-'15  Robbery,  disch. 
l-9-'15  2012,  disch. 
4-5-'15   Attempt  burglary,   Crim.    Ct., 

$1,000. 
4-23-'15  2012,  disch. 
5-13-'l5  Robbery,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,000. 
1-10-16  Burglary,  rec.   stolen  proper- 
ty, House  of  Cor.  6  mo.,  $100  and 

costs. 
3-l-'16     Accused     attempt     burglary, 

Crim.  Ct,  $3,000. 
2-17-'17   Burglary,   Crim.    Ct.,   $1,500, 

jumped  bond,  caught  3-29-'17,  Pon- 

tiac. 
Juv.  Ct. 

2-26-'15  Robbery,  five  charges,  Crim. 
Low   grade    sociopath  J       Ct,    Pontiac.     Held    up    four    men 
plus   dementia  prs-A       with  a  gun. 


cox    hebephrenia, 

Average      intelligence 
plus   psychopathic. 


High  grade  moron.. 


High     grade    border- 
land   sociopath   plus-< 
dementia    pra;cox. 


Was  hanged  2-15-'18,  age  22,  for  kill- 
ing policeman. 

2-9-'lS  Burglary,  broke  into  jewelry 
store,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,000,   Pontiac. 

'12-7-'15     Joy-riding     in     stolen     car, 

prob.  1  yr. 
12-27-'15    Robbery     (2),    Crim.     Ct, 

$2,000  each.  Pontiac. 

12-30-'15  Robbery  (2)  and  Larceny 
(2),  prob.  1  yr. 

5-24-'16  Larceny,  accused  of  trying 
to  ride  in  auto  without  owner's 
consent,  House  of  Cor.  for  violat- 
ing his  probation. 

6-6-'16  Larceny  and  violating  prob., 
7  mo.  23  days  House  of  Cor.,  $1(X) 
and  costs. 

10-30-' 17  Larceny,  disch. 

12-20-'17  Larceny,  robbery,  burglary, 
Crim.  Ct.  on  4  charges,  $4,000,  Pon- 
tiac. 

Juv.  Ct.  3  times. 

St.  Charles  School  7  mo. 

Charged  with  having  stolen  60  or 
more  automobiles  in  1915. 


—  81  — 


Case 


Age 


Arrests 


K.  T. 


F.  U. 


20 


4-IO-'l7 


liKli  j^r;ulc  moron. 


l2-22-'I5 


(red  pepper  bandit) 


J.T. 


J.  E. 


F.JE. 


L  M. 


19 


10-28-'l4 


6-28-15 


9-l-'14 


3-22  -'17 


Average      intelligence 
plus   dementia  pras-^ 


n  i,t>h  grade  moron . . .  "> 


"8-19-'14    Burglary     (2),     Crim.     Ct, 

$1,000  each,  prob.  1  yr. 
12-1-'14  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,000. 
l-27-'15  Poolroom  raid,  disch. 
2-16-'lS    Burglary,    Crim.    Ct,   $1,000, 

Pontiac. 
4-10-'17   Burglary,    Crim.    Ct,   $1,000. 
Previous   arrest  2012,   served   House 

of  Cor.  43  days. 
^Several  Juv.  Ct  arrests. 

'12-22-'15  (1)  Assault  with  intent  to 
rob.  (2)  Robbery  9  charges  and  2 
charges. 

JTeld  to  Crim.  Ct.  on  4  charges,  $1,000 
each ;  2  disch.  for  want  of  prosecu- 
tion, Pontiac. 

Previous  arrest  Paris,  III.,  vagrancy, 
served  20  days. 

'^5-3-'15  Broke  into  restaurant,  caught, 
Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500,  Pontiac. 

6-6-' 17  2012  $5  and  costs. 

2  previous  arrests.  House  of  Cor.,  $50 
and  costs  for  each. 


Low  grade    sociopath 
plus   dementia  pr3e-=\ 
cox    


II  i  g  Ii    grade    morons 


r7-l-'15  2012,  disch. 

7-14-'15  Robbery,  liold-up,  Crim.  Ct., 
$2,000. 

10-26-'16  (1)  Attempt  robbery,  (2) 
Robbery,  2  charges,  held  up  man 
with  gun,  Crim.  Ct.,  $7,500,  Pon- 
tiac. 

Juv.  Ct.  once,  has  been  in  St.  Charles. 

'5-23-' 15    Larceny,   House   of   Cor.   30 

days,  $10  and  costs. 
8-24-'14  2012,  House  of  Cor.,  $50  and 

costs. 
3-ll-'16  Held  up  man  with  gun,  Crim. 

Ct.  $3,000,  Pontiac. 
3  previous  arrests,  2  for  2012.  on  one 

disch.,   other   fined   $50   and   costs ; 

another  arrest,  selling  stolen  goods. 


High    grade    moron 
plus  dementia   pr32-<^ 
cox    hebephrenia.. 


''3-22-' 17  Larceny,  Pontiac  11  months. 

Out  of  Pontiac  two  months,  stole  two 
wagon  loads  of  fruit  Held  to 
Criminal  Ct. 

Juvenile  Ct.  twice.  Parental  School 
6  mos.  Lincoln  F.  M.  Institution, 
ran  away  three  times,  was  sent 
liack  once  from  Boys  Court 


—  82 


J.  A. 


17 


7-3I-I6 


A.  K. 


17 


1-16-'17 


M.  E. 


20 


3-16-18 


f.  R. 


19 


l-29-'18 


E.  G. 


18 


3-19-15 


High    grade    moron 
plus    alcoholic    plus>^ 
psychopathic    


M  i  g  h    grade    moron 
plus   dementia  prae-  , 
cox    "^ 


High    grade    moron 
plus    dementia  prse-^ 
cox    ^ 


II  igli    grade    moron ^ 


High  grade  border- 
land moron  plus 
dementia  praecox  . . 


Arrests 


f  4-13-'14  2012,  disch. 
7-21-'14  2012,  disch. 
7-27-'14  2012,  disch. 
l-2-'15  2012,  disch. 
8-2-'15  2012,  disch. 

8-9-'15,  Fighting  in  restaurant,  disch. 
12-14-'15    Burglary,    drinking,    Crim. 

Ct.,  $2,500,  Pontiac. 
3  previous   arrests  2012,   fined   on  2, 

disch.  on  1. 
>^Juv.  Ct.  once. 

^ll-20-'16   Had    loaded   gun,    said    he 

was    holding    it    for    another    boy, 

prob.  6  mo. 
1-16-'17   Larcenj',     stole    brass    from 

railroad,  sold  it  for  $3.     Bond  for 

capias  ordered. 
6-11-17    Burglary,    broke    into    drug 

store,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,500,   Pontiac. 
Juv.  Ct.  twice. 

^1-19-'15  Larceny  2  charges.     Stealing 
brass.    House  of  Cor.  5  mo. 
6-12-'15  2012  disch. 
6-12-'16  Burglar\-,  Pontiac  1  yr. 
3-15-'18    Broke    into   junk    store,   got 
200  lbs.  of    brass.     Pontiac    1   yr., 
$100  and  costs. 
vJuv.  Ct.  (2),  John  Worthy  3  mo. 

.ll-22-'17  2012,  with  boy  who  had 
gun,  did  not  know  it ;  $25  and  costs, 
House  of  Cor.,  motion  to  vacate ; 
disch. 

1-26-18  Malicious  mischief,  2012: 
disch. 

2-19-'18  Burglary  (3).  Broke  into  2 
drugstores;  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,500  each, 
Pontiac. 

Juvenile  Ct.  twice;  St.  Charles  and 
V.     Parental  School. 

2-5-'15  2059,  disch. 

3-19-'15    Burglary,    disch.      2012.    $25 

and  costs. 
7-2-'15  2012  On  R.  R.  property,  had 

fight  with  officer,  disch. 
7-9-'15   2012   On    street    12:30   a.    nr. 

disch. 
l-29-'16     Burglary.       Conspiracy      tc 

rob,  disch. 
12-15-'17    Robbery    (5)    on    street    11 

p.  m. 
Larceny    (1),   Crim.   Ct.,  $2,500  each. 

Pontiac. 


—  83 


Case 


Date  in 
Ub. 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


J.E 


17 


I-I4-'I8 


H.  A. 


17 


6-2-"l5 


I,o\v   grade    sociopath 
plus  dementia  kata-' 
tonia    


II  igh     grade 
cocainist  . . 


moron, 


M.  E 


19 


4-17-'17 


G.  L 

(coIo 


19 
red) 


5-27-'16 


High  grade  border-; 
land  moron  plus 
predementia    p  r  ae- 

cox    


Low   grade   sociopath 
plus   psychopathic.    ^ 


I  1-14-18  Burglary,  broke  into  cafe 
j  coach ;  says  he  wanted  something 
.       to    eat;     accused     stealing     silver, 

Crim.  Ct.,  $800,  Pontiac. 
i^Juv.  Ct.  twice,  prob. ;  larceny,  auto. 

^6-2-'l5  Larceny,  stole  bicycle,  prob.  6 

mo. 
12-23-'15  2807  (had  a  gun),  $100  and 

costs. 
l-8-'18  Burglary,  broke  into  house  in 

daytime,   got    jewelry,    4    watches, 

Crim.  Ct.,  $2,000,  Pontiac. 

4-17-'17  2012,  disch. 

6-ll-'17  2012  Walked  around  Chicago 
all  night,  picked  up  6  a.  m.,  disch. 

8-16-'17  2012  $15  and  costs.  House  of 
Cor.     Larceny,  disch.     In  an  alley. 

10-8-'17   2012,     accused    of    robbery, 
disch. 

ll-2-'17  Burglary,  stole  8  mfg.  covers, 
disch. 

ll-30-'17  Burglary,  broke  into  furni- 
ture store,   got   rugs,  tried   to    sell 
them.     Crim.  Ct,  $1,000,  Pontiac. 
\^]uv.  Ct.  once,  St.  Charles  17  mo. 

10-2-'l5  Robbery,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,000. 

5-23-'16  Robbery,   Crim.   Ct.,    $3,000, 
disch. 

7-24-'16  Robbery,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $1,000 
and  costs. 

11-19-'17   Robbery,   accused    of   hold- 
up, Crim.  Ct,  $1,000,  Joliet. 
V Morals  Court  once,  $1  and  costs. 


—  84  — 


Boys  sentenced  directly  to  Pontiac  from  Municipal  Court 


Case 


Age 


Date  in 
Ub. 


Diagnosis 


ArresU 


J.  A. 


19 


6-3-' 15 


E.  0. 


4-28-' 15 


D.  C. 


J.E. 


17 


7-l8-'l6 


17 


9-l-'l5 


C.  S. 


17 


5-28-' 17 


Average      intelligence-^ 

plus   psychopathic..^ 


High    grade    border 
land     moron     plus< 
dementia   pr^ecox.. 


'6-3-'15  (1)  Larceny,  (2)  Forgery, 
(3)  Larceny.  Father  had  him  ar- 
rested; stole  $105  from  father,  left 
home;  disch.  for  want  of  prosecu- 
tion. 
5-16-'t6  (1)  Larceny,  (2)  Embezzle- 
ment; stole  $16  from  Thompson's. 
(1)   Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and  costs; 

-     (2)   disch. 

'4-28-'14  Burglary,  disch. 

4-28-'l5    Mother    had    him    arrested 

staying  out  late  nights,  disch. 
7-7-'15  2012,  prob.  6  mo. 
10-19-'15  2012,  disch. 
10-22-'15  2012,  disch. 
11-1-'15  Walking  on  street  11  p.  m., 

disch. 

11-12-'15  2012  On  street  late,  disch. 
2-28-'16  2012  Drunk,  $25,  paid. 
5-25-'16  Larceny,  riding  in  stolen  car; 

Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and  costs. 
2-ll-'18    Receiving     stolen    property, 

jury  trial. 
Juv.  Ct.,   St.   Charles  7  mo.,  staying 

away  from  home. 


High  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prse- 
cox   


Average      intelligence 
plus    pre-dementia- 
praecox    


M8-'16  Robbery 
gun ;  Pontiac  1 
.IV.  Ct.  once,  St. 


and  larceny,  had 
yr.,  $100  and  costs. 
Charles  18  mo. 


'9-l-'15   Took  lead  out  of  basement; 

House  of  Cor.  6  mo. 
l-8-'17  Obtaining  money  under   false 
pretenses ;   got  meat  on  some  one 
else's  name,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $300  and 
costs, 
vjuv.  Ct.  once,  St.  Charles  15  mo. 


High  grade  moron. 


I' 


-28-17  Larceny,  worked  around 
movie  theater,  took  $50  out  of  cash 
box,  went  to  Scranton,  Iowa, 
caught  there;  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $1  and 
costs. 


—  85  — 


Case 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


N.  0. 


S.  E. 


T.  C. 


16 


G.    I. 


17 


4-11-17 


2-23-'16 


7-l8-*16 


6-17-'14 


Middle    grade    moron 
plus     predementia<: 
prrecox    


High  grade  moron...  < 


M  i  g  h    grade    moron 
plus     predementia: 
prKCOx    


Luw    grade   sociopath 
plus   dementia  prae-<^ 
cox    


6-29-'16  2012,  disch. 

4-ll-'17  Larceny,  "found"  pocket- 
book  ;  sent  to  Lincoln,  ran  away 
several  times. 

6-4-'17  Burglary,  lead  pipe,  Crim.  Ct., 
$1,000. 

6-27-'17  Larceny,  "found  a  bike,"  $50 
and  costs. 

8-24-'17  Burglary,  receiving  stolen 
shoes,  Crim.  Ct,  $1,000. 

12-7-'17  Larceny,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $50 
and  costs.    2012,  2029,  disch. 

Juv.  Ct.  3  times ;  Parental  School  1 
yr.,   St.  Charles  26  mo.,  ran  away. 

2-23-'16  Received  stolen  property, 
forgot  to  return  pair  of  shoes  sto- 
len by  younger  brother.  House  of 
Cor.  60  days,  $25  and  costs. 

7-10-'16  Burglary,  broke  into  garage, 
got  7  tires  and  2  bathing  suits, 
Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and  costs. 

Juv.  Ct.  twice,  John  Worthy  School 
3  months. 

'l0-30-'15  Burglary  (2).  Broke  into 
saloon,  got  $52,  disch.  Broke  into 
2  butcher  shops,  got  $17  and  $5, 
disch. 
7-18-'16  Robbery  and  larceny,  had 
gun,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and  costs. 
Juv.  Ct.  6  times ;  St.  Charles  1  mo., 
ran  away ;  House  of  Cor.  4  mo. 

^6-17-'14  Larceny,  bicycle,  prob.  1  yr. 

7-3-'14  Larceny,  2  pipes  from  Fair, 
House  of  Cor.  10  days. 

9-8-'14  2012,  disch. 

12-22-'14  Larceny   (2),  disch. 

6-8-'15  978,  disch. 

1-10-'16  2012,  disch. 

Larceny,  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,000,  dismissed. 

4-1-16  Assault  deadly  weapon,  Pon- 
tiac 1  yr.,  $500  and  costs. 

Larceny,  disch. 

6-ll-'17  2012,  disch. 

6-18-'17  2012,  $200  and  costs.  House 
of  Cor. 

l-25-'18  2012,  trans,  jury  branch. 
LJiiv.  Ct. 


—  86 


Cas 


J.  L. 


Age 


Date  i 
Lab. 


Diagnosis 


M.  N. 


17 


W.  0. 


W.  L 


W.  E. 


19 


10-29-' 15  Average  intelligence 
plus  dementia  prae- 
cox  moral  defect. . . 


4-7-'16 


II-29-'l5 


2-25-'l5 


6-18-'14 


Arrests 


ri0-29-'15     Obtaining     money     under 
false  pretenses    (2).     Took   watch, 
House  of  Cor.  2  mo. 
4-10-'16    False   pretenses,     Pontiac     1 

yn,  $500  and  costs. 
Previous    arrest    1,    2012,    House     of 
,     Cor.  30  days. 


High  grade  moron 


High  grade  moron < 


r  7-24-'14  2012,  disch. 
..  }  11-12-'14  2012,  disch. 

(  4-10-'16  Larceny,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100. 


ll-29-'15  Larceny,  took  toys  from  10- 
cent  store  and  $5.75  from  10-cent 
store  belonging  to  scrub  woman ; 
prob.  1  yr. 

12-8-'15  Larceny,  prob.  1  yr. 

4-18-'16  Burglary  (2).  Broke  into 
barn  where  candy  was  stored,  Pon- 
tiac 1  yr.,  $100  and  costs. 

Juv.  Ct.  twice,  St.  Charles. 


.Middle  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prae-: 
cox  


High  grade  moron...  <; 


4-22-'14  Larceny,  disch. 

2-25-'15  Burglary,  disch.  Mai.  mis- 
chief. House  of  Cor.  90  days. 

7-l-'15  Larceny,  accused  of  stealing 
harness,  disch. 

4-22-'16  Larceny,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100 
and  costs. 

12-21-'16  2012,  going  home  11:30, 
House  of  Cor. 

7-21-'17  Burglary,  accused  of  break- 
ing into  saloon,  Crim.  Ct.,  $2,500, 
prob. 

Previous  arrest  larceny,  disch. 

Juv.  Ct,  stealing  lead  pipe,  John 
Worthy  School   IJ^  mo. 


5-8-'14  Burglary,  breaking  into  gar- 
age, Grand  Jury  $1,000,  House  of 
Cor.  1  yr. 

2-7-'16  Burglary,  disch. 

4-24-'16  Stole  auto,  went  joy  riding, 
sent  to  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and 
costs. 

Previous  arrest  9-29-'13  burglary, 
auto,  House  of  Cor.  6  mo. 


—  87- 


Diagnosis 


J.R. 


17 


6-17-'l6 


Low   grade  sociopath 


A.  0. 


12-1-'I4 


P.I. 


D.  0. 


17 


17 


5-3-'l6 


2-28-' 18 


Arrests 


1-13-'16    Burglary,    trying    to    break 

into   show   case  on   street,   shot   in 

leg  by  officer,  prob.  1  yr. 
6-1 7-' 16  Mai.  mischief,  Pontiac  1  yr., 

$500  and  costs. 
8-23-'17  Picked  up  in  alley  at  2  a.  m., 

$25  and  costs. 
Juv.  Ct.  3  times,  St.  Charles  18  mo. 

Sent   to   Lincoln   by   Juv.    Ct.,    ran 

away. 


High  grade  moron. 


High  grade  moron. 


I 


L 


High  grade  moron 
plus   dementia   pras 
cox    hebephrenia. 


M.W. 


17 


I-I3-'I5 


^!; 


12-1-'14  2012,  $200  and  costs,  prob.  6 

mo. 
2- 16-' 15  2012,  $100  and  costs. 
7-31-'15  2012,  violating  prob.,  com.  to 

probation  officer. 
ll-8-'15  2012,  $10  and  costs. 
5-9-'16  2012  Taken   off   12th  st.  car, 

disch. 
5-12-'16  2012,  Pontiac. 
5-15-'16  Attempt  larceny,   1  yr.,  $100 

and  costs. 
Juv.  Ct.  twice. 

4-29-'16  Sec.  15,  M.  V.  L.,  disch.  2690 
ch.  121  R.  S.,  prob.  1  yr. 

5-3-'16  Larceny,  accused  stealing  mo- 
tor cycle,  disch. 

6-1 3-' 16  Larceny,  stole  gun  from  bak- 
ery, Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and  costs. 

2-28-'18  Larceny,  broke   windows    in 
hay  loft,  Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100. 
uv.  Ct.  twice,  Cook  Co.  School. 


Middle   grade   moron 
has  had  scabies "^ 


1-13-'15  2012,  $10  and  costs. 

7-10-'15  2012,    Stealing    bread    from 

boxes,  disch. 
2-25-'16   2012    Sleeping    in     hallway, 

$2  and  costs. 
2-26-'17  2807   (had    gun),    $100    and 

costs. 
9-29-'17  2012   On   street  3:30  a.   m., 

$200  and  costs.  House  of  Cor. 
Accused  of  burglary,  disch. 
4-29-'18  Burglary    (5),   Larceny    (1). 

Broke  into  jewelry  store  at  night, 

got  grip  full  of  goods,  Pontiac  1  yr., 

$18  and  costs. 
Juv.  Ct. 


—  88 


Case 


Age 


Diagnosis 


Arrests 


F.K. 


4-9-'17 


II  i  g  h    grade    moron 
plus     predementia-> 
prrecox    


J.  I- 


17 


2-24-' 16 


K.  R. 


21 


7-30-'l4 


High    grade   moron 
plus     predementia"* 
prscox    


f  10-2O-'15  2012,  fined  $10. 

12-11-'16  2012,  disch. 

12-30-'16  Larceny,  accused  of  bur- 
glary, disch. 

2-20-'17  2012,  disch. 

4-9-'17  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500. 

ll-7-'17  2807,  $100  and  costs,  House 
of  Cor. 

S-7-'18,  Larceny.  Broke  into  freight 
car,  got  12  boxes  of  soap,  Pontiac 
1  yr.,  $18  and  costs. 

Juv.  Ct.  3  times,  John  Worthy  School 
3  mo.  and  2  mo.,  St.  Charles  11 
mo. 


2-24-'16  Larceny,  had  fight  with  boy, 

prob.  1  yr. 
6-10-*16  Larceny,   broke   into  bakery, 

Pontiac  1  yr.,  $100  and  costs. 
9-25-'17  2012  Walking  on  street  3  p. 

m.,  disch. 
10-2-'17  Larceny,  was  drunk,  accused 

of  stealing   Buick,   Crim.   Ct.,   $800 

(no  bill). 
10-31-'17   2012    Fight    about    wages, 

disch.  , 

ll-5-'17  2012,   $10  and   costs,   House 

of  Cor. 
12-19-'17  Burglary,  Crim.  Ct.,  $1,500, 

House  of  Cor.  3  mo. 
6-31-'18  2012,  Accused  stealing  water 

melon,  disch. 
Juv.  Ct.  4  times,  John  Worthy  School 

3  mo. 


r^ 


Low  grade  sociopath, 
plus  dementia  prae-" 
cox  hebephrenia — 


7-30-'14  Had  Juvenile  Court  Record 
and  other  court  records  previous  to 
the  establishment  of  the  Boys 
Court,  breaking  parole.  Had  spent 
fifty-two  months  in  Pontiac  for  as- 
sault and  robben-.  He  shot  his  vic- 
tim. 

22-22-'15  Disorderly  conduct. 

S-22-'15  Disorderly  conduct.  On  this 
occasion  we  committed  him  and  he 
was  sent  to  State  Hospital  for  the 
Insane. 

7-15-'18  Murder. 


—  80  — 


a*e 

Age 

Date  in 
Ub. 

Diagnosis 

Arrests 

r 6-9-14  2012,  disch. 

6-18-'14  2012,  disch. 

2-17-'lS  Larceny,  stealing  bag  of  oats 

from  barn.  House  of  Cor.,  10  days. 

R.  A. 

19 

6-9-' 14 

High  grade  moron. . .  < 

$1  and  costs. 
6-28-'16  Sodomy,  contributing  to  de- 
linquency    of     children,    $200    and 
costs,  Pontiac  1  yr. 
^Juv.  Ct.  once,  2012,  disch. 

1-31-'17  Larceny,  burg,  grocery  store, 

prob.  1  yr. 
3-14-'17   2012    Sleeping    in    basement, 

disch. 
6-22-'17  2012  Coming  from  swimming 

pool,  disch. 

S.  N. 

17 

2-14-'l7 

High    grade    moron 
plus   dementia  prae-s^ 

cox    

9-5-'l7  Larceny,   stole    12   prs.   shoes 

from  Ry.,  disch. 
11-15-'17  2012  Accused  of  cutting  lead 

pipe,  disch.  payment  costs  $6. 

ll-26-'17  2012   Staying  with    boy   in 

furnished     room,     $10    and     costs, 

House  of  Cor. 

\2-2V\7  Larceny,  Pontiac  1  yr. 

Juv.  Ct.  twice. 

—  90 


Anthropometrical 

The  anthropometrical  data  assembled  on  our  cases  are  so  extensive  that  they 
will  have  to  be  treated  separately.  We  submit  here,  however,  the  height,  weight  and 
ponderal  index  averages  on  513  random  cases  from  the  Boys  Court,  with  the  cor- 
responding average  mental  ratings,  as  a  matter  of  interest.  The  measurements  are 
in  the  metric  system ;  the  height  in  centimeters,  the  weight  in  kilograms,  the  Pi. 

3 

(Ponderal  Index)  is    100  x  \/  W.      W.  equals  weight,  IT.  equals  height. 
H. 

A.  D.  equals  Average  Deviation,  o"  equals  Mean  Square  Deviation  or  Standard 
Deviation.  The  Ponderal  Index  is  an  index  of  embonpoint  or  state  of  general 
nutrition.     The  ages  given  here  represent  nearest  birthdays. 

Average  basal 

Age.                                                   No.  case.s.            mental  age.  A.  D.  *^ 

16  7                     9.14  0.76  1.00 

17   98                     8.83  0.94  1.12 

18  160                     8.84  0.90                    .1.22 

19  123                     8.73  0.93  1.28 

20   80                     9.00  0.95  1.22 

21    27                      8.82  1.07  1.67 

22  10                     8.50  0.80  0.89 

23   8                     8.75  0.82  1.22 

Average  total 

Age.                                                   No.  cases.            mental  age.  A.  D.  ^ 

16  7                    11.34  0.67  0.89 

17  98                    11.03  0.76  0.99 

18  160                    11.29  0.8S  1.10 

19  123                    11.03  0.84  1.07 

20  80                    11.39  0.86  1.04 

21   27                    11.23  1.17  1.70 

22   10                    11.54  0.78  0.92 

23  8                   10.95  1.05  1.34 

Age.                                                No.  cases.               Height.  A.  D.  a 

16  7                  170.54  5.27  4.22 

17  98                  167.05  6.19  7.98 

18  160                  169.81  5.23  6.44 

19  123                  169.45  5.18  6.65 

20  80                  171.31  5.44  6.64 

21    27                   170.32  6.20  6.96 

22   10                   173.37  5.69  6.92 

23   8                  168.57  3.57  4.63 

Age.                                                   No.  cases               "Weight.  A.  D.  a 

16   7                    56.23  6.88  6.31 

17  98                   60.59  6.50  8.17 

18  160                   60.05  5.63  7.51 

19   123                   60.84  5.47  6.98 

20  80                   62.36  4.27  5.47 

21    27                    60.93  8.20  9.36 

22  10                   67.90  4.64  6.14 

23  8                   63.77  4.77  5.32 

Age.                                                   No.  cases.                    Pi.  A.  D.  a 

16  7                   22.41  0.44  0.56 

17   98                   23.13  0.58  0.77 

18  160                   23.00  0.59  0.79 

19  123                   23.13  0.56  0.77 

20   80                    22.99  0.73  1.40 

21    27                   23.10  0.94  0.73 

22   10                   23.54  0.56  0.73 

23   8                   23.71  0.59  0.73 


—  91  — 


THEJMORALS  COURT 

The  report  on  this  court  covers  the  examination  of  957  cases  (793  females 
and  164  males),  and  is  a  representative  sampling  of  the  human  material  dealt  with 
in  this  cowrt. 

A  certain  percentage  of  these  girls  have  had  illegitimate  children  in  their 
younger  years,  and  the  record  of  cases  examined  in  the  bastardy  court  shows  that 
about  65  per  cent  are  feeble-minded. 

Of  course,  a  very  high  percentage  of  these  girls  from  the  Morals  Court  had 
syphilis  or  gonorrhea  or  both.  As  is  generally  known,  females  do  not  suffer  as 
much  locally,  and  therefore  do  not  pay  as  much  attention  to  gonorrhea,  after  the 
initial  acute  stage,  as  males,  in  whom  the  discomforts  are  more  pronounced,  and 
therefore  more  apt  to  receive  attention.  The  danger  with  the  females,  however, 
is  that  the  disease  may  extend  to  the  other  genital  organs  and  adnexa  tending  to 
sterility,  and  may  on  occasion  call  for  operation.  On  account  of  the  lightness  of 
the  symptoms  in  the  female,  she  is  less  apt  to  undergo  treatment,  and  therefore  is  a 
great  source  of  danger  as  an  infective  agent;  in  fact,  "typhoid  Mary,"  who  leaves 
a  train  of  typhoid  fever  in  her  wake,  is  no  worse  than  a  "gonorrhea  carrier,"  whose 
devastations  may  be  just  as  serious  and  widespread  in  their  way. 

In  the  matter  of  syphilis,  also,  the  disease,  on  the  whole,  follows  a  much  more 
benign  course  in  the  female  than  in  the  male,  and  it  is  only  when  the  local  secondary 
symptoms  become  aggravated,  or  the  skin  eruption  or  throat  symptoms  become 
severe,  that  many  of  these  women,  especially  the  lower  grade  ones  of  the  clandes- 
tine type,  give  this  matter  any  attention ;  and  they  are  therefore  widespread  infecting 
agents  in  this  stage  in  the  matter  of  lesions  of  the  mucous  and  muco-cutaneous 
surfaces. 

Fortunately,  the  majority  of  these  symptoms  run  their  course  and  disappear 
spontaneouslj',  or  the  damage  these  girls  would  do  would  be  incalculable.  Once 
these  girls  have  syphilis,  unless  they  are  thoroughly  cured,  either  through  treat- 
ment or  spontaneously,  they  cannot  become  reinfected,  and  therefore  cannot  go 
through  the  secondary  period  again,  which  is  the  time  when  they  are  most  infective 
to  others.  While  they  are  more  or  less  syphilized,  they  do  not  bear  living  children, 
or,  if  they  do,  as  a  rule  the  children  die  shortly.  Venereal  infections  may  almost  be 
regarded  as  occupational  diseases  with  some  of  these  cases.  Contact  alone  will 
not  produce  infection;  other  factors  are  necessary,  such  as  abrasion  of  skin,  etc. 
The  value  of  a  positive  Wasserman  reaction  is  only  relative— it  may  mean  the 
case  has  had  congenital  lues,  was  infected  twenty  or  thirty  years  previously,  or 
is  i,n  an  active  infective  stage,  or  may  be  latent. 

In  the  matter  of  recidivism,  the  Morals  Court  cases  take  the  lead  over  all 
others,  which  is  quite  natural  since  the  majority  of  these  girls  are  too  feeble-minded 
or  psychopathic  to  make  a  living  legitimately,  and  they  must  ply  their  trade  more 
or  less  in  the  open,  while  the  boy  delinquents,  from  the  nature  of  their  crimes. 
work  surreptitiously.  However,  if  this  means  of  livelihood  is  taken  away  from 
them  and  none  other  provided,  they  will  have  to  resort  to  other  means  of  living, 
such  as  larceny,  burglary,  and  the  like.  These  girls  are  much  greater  prevaricators 
than  the  boys,  in  fact,  there  is  no  truth  in  them. 

There  are  very  few  of  the  girls  coming  into  the  Morals  Court  who  are  actually 
first  offenders.  They  have  already  begun  their  careers  in  their  juvenile  years 
They  show  the  same  difficulties  in  school  and  environmental  conflict,  according 
to  their  nature,  that  the  boys  do.    Parents  come  to  court  with  their  girls,  and  make 

—  92  — 


the  same  complaints  of  incorrigibility  tliat  they  do  in  the  Boys  Court  with  their 
sons.  We  are  often  asked  as  to  why  these  girls  appear  so  much  younger  than  their 
years.  This  is  no  doubt  due  to  the  mental  immaturity  of  such  a  high  percentage 
of  them.  To  the  saying  "every  line  a  thought,"  we  might  add,  "no  thoughts,  no 
lines."    The  masked  faces  of  many  of  the  praecox  cases  may  also  play  a  role  here. 

FEMALES 
Average    Intelligence. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.        Basal  Mental  Age.  Total  Mental  Age. 

63  25.4  9.71  12.36 

Psychopathy. 

In  this  group  twenty-three  were  diagnosed  as  dementia  prcccox.  Eleven  of 
these  were  complicated  by  alcoholism,  one  of  these  had  advanced  tuberculosis,  and 
one  had  epilepsy. 

Nine  were  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution.  Four  were  complicated  by 
drug  addiction,  and  one  of  the  latter  by  alcohol  also. 

Two  had  preparalytic  dementia,  one  complicated  by  alcoholism. 

In  a  tabulation  of  twenty-one  of  these  cases,  eight  were  in  for  soliciting,  eigli< 
were*  arrested  in  raids  of  disorderly  houses,  one  for  receiving  stolen  property,  one 
for  alcoholism,  three  for  adultery.  One  of  the  latter,  married  to  a  white  man 
with  whom  she  had  a  little  girl,  age  seven,  was  consorting  with  a  Chinaman. 

High    Grade    Borderland    Sociopaths. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

33 

24.67 

9.79 

12.22 

Psychopathy. 

Eight  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  as  cases  of  dementia  praecox,  six  of  these 
were  complicated  by  alcoholism ;  and  one  of  this  group  was  complicated  by  pre- 
paralytic dementia. 

Four  were  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  by  acute 
alcoholism. 

The  following  arrests  tabulated  on  a  group  of  nine  cases  showed : 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  pra?cox ;  arrested  for  bigamy. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praecox;  has  had  five  arrests  for  soliciting. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  pra;cox ;  has  had  eight  arrests,  seven  for  soliciting;  one 
in  raid  on  house. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  pra?cox ;  living  in  adultery  with  her  brother-in-law. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praaccox ;  arrested  three  times  for  soliciting. 

Case,  age  25,  psychopathic  plus  alcoholism ;  arrested  twice,  inmate  of  disorderly 
house. 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 
Cases. 

Average 
Chronological  Age. 

Average 
Basal  Mental  Age. 

Avenge 
Total  Mental  Age. 

39 

25.48 

9.56 

12.16 

93 


J'syihopalliy. 

'Iwclvc'  of  tliis  group  were  diagnosed  cases  of  dementia  pra;cox,  7  of  these 
were  complicated  by  alcoholism,  1  was  a  pathological  liar. 

Three  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  1  complicated  by  alcoholism 
and  epilepsy. 

The  following  arrests  were  tabulated  on  nine  cases: 

Case,  age  32,  psychopathic,  epileptic,  alcoholic;  arrested  five  times  for  alcohol- 
ism, has  been  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  precox;  arrested  5  a.  m.,  said  she  was  looking  for  work. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopatiiic  and  alcoholic;  has  had  seven  arrests  for  soliciting. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  prsccox;  was  found  in  a  cellar  with  two  boys  of  juvenile 
age. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prjccox,  married  woman ;  arrested  in  a  hotel  with  a 
man. 

Four  of  the  group  of  nine  were  arrested  for  soliciting. 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

43 

25.6 

8.77 

11.66 

Psychopathy. 

Twenty-one  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox;  six  complicated  by  alcoholism; 
one  with  preparalytic  dementia. 

Eleven  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution;  four  complicated  by  alcohol- 
ism; one  was  a  drug  addict. 

Tabulations  of  arrests  on  a  group  of  thirty-one  cases : 

Ten  cases  arrested  for  soliciting. 

Two  cases  arrested  for  fornication. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  precox,  white;  lives  with  colored  man. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  prascox ;  living  with  a  man. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  proecox ;  adultery. 

Case,  age  31,  dementia  praecox ;  four  arrests  in  Morals  Court  and  three  previ- 
ous arrests,  six  as  inmates  of  disorderly  house;  one  for  burglary. 

Case,  age  16,  psychopathic ;  once  in  Morals  Court ;  four  previous  arrests ;  two 
Juvenile  Court  arrests.  Was  in  Park  Ridge  Home  for  Girls  eleven  months ;  St. 
Mary's  School  one  year. 

Case,  age  20,  psychopathic,  alcoholic,  colored;  arrested  with  a  white  man. 

Case,  age  24,  psychopathic,  colored;  living  with  a  white  man. 

Case,  age  16.  psychopathic;  arrested  in  Morals  Court,  also  in  Juvenile  Court. 

Case,  age  22,  highly  psychopathic;  six  arrests  in  Morals  Court  for  soliciting; 
once  in  Juvenile  Court  for  truanc}'. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  praecox;  two  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  once  in  Juvenile 
Court;  arrested  2  a.  m.  on  the  street;  had  stolen  $90  from  her  brother.  Had  been 
in  House  of  Good  Shepherd  one  year. 

The  balance  were  in  for  disorderly  conduct  and  drinking. 

In  a  group  of  31  cases,  average  arrests  for  group  in  Morals  Court,  1.58;  other 
branches,  1.09;  Juvenile  Court,  1.16;  average  arrests  in  other  branches,  three  cases 
three  times;  Juvenile  Court,  four  cases  with  five  arrests.     - 

—  94  — 


High    Grade   Borderland    Morons. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.        Basal  Mental  Age.         Total  Mental  Age. 

15  26.26  8.6  11.6 

Psychopathy. 
Nine  were  diagnosed  dementia  prcecox ;  two  were  complicated  by  alcoholism ; 
one  was  a  drug  addict. 

Two  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  by  alcoholism. 
Two  were  diagnosed  preparalytic  dementia,  one  with  epilepsy. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  pra;cox ;  adultery. 

Case,  age  Z2,  dementia  priecox ;  adultery. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  pr^ecox  plus  preparalytic  dementia ;  fornication  and 
adultery. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  praecox ;  bigamy. 

Case,  age  35,  preparalytic  dementia  and  epilepsy;  three  arrests  in  Morals 
Court;  inmate  of  disorderly  house  and  in  hotel  with  man. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  prjccox ;  inmate  of  disorderly  house ;  three  arrests  in 
Morals  Court. 

Case,  age  26,  dementia  pnecox,  also  drug  addict ;  three  arrests  in  Morals 
Court,  arrested  in  raids. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  praecox,  alcoholism ;  adulterj'. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  priecox ;  in  cabaret  with  her  two  sons,  age  5  and  6: 
man  accused  her  of  stealing  money  from  him. 

Case,  age  17,  psychopathic;  adultery. 

Case,  age  20,  psychopathic,  alcoholic;  three  arrests  in  Morals  Court.  Has  been 
in  House  of  Correction  twice ;  previously  arrested  for  soliciting. 

Balance  of  cases  arrested  for  soliciting. 

High  Grade  Morons. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

341 

25.17 

8.48 

11.17 

Psychopathy. 

One  hundred  and  thirty-one  were  diagnosed  dementia  praecox ;  fifty-nine  were 
complicated  by  alcoholism ;  two  by  alcoholism  and  drug  addiction.  One  alcoholic 
also  exhibitionist. 

One  w-as  drug  addict;  two  were  epileptic;  two  were  sex  perverts;  two  were 
moral  defects ;  one,  pathological  liar. 

Twenty-six  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  eight  of  these  were 
complicated  by  alcoholism. 

Five  of  the  high  grade  morons,  were  also  drug  addicts:  a  scattering  few  were 
also  alcoholics. 

Four  high  grade  morons  were  both  drug  and  alcohol  addicts. 

Two  high  grade  morons  were  also  epileptics. 

One  had  juvenile  paresis. 

One  was  hysteroid. 

One  had  bad  case  of  myocarditis.  • 

One  was  preparalytic  dementia. 

In  a  group  of  eighty  cases  tabulated,  eleven  were  coloreil. 

—  95  — 


TaLiulaliuii  of  arrcsis  on  eighty  consecutive  cases  of  higli  grade  morons  (mental 
age  10.1  to  12),  including  psychopathy.  It  should  be  constantly  borne  in  mind  that 
\vc  have  no  direct  means  of  compiling  number  of  arrests  of  Morals  Court  cases; 
but  we  know,  from  experience,  that  they  are  practically  all  repeated  offenders,  and 
practically  none  are  first  ofTcnders.  They  show  a  much  higher  percentage  of  recidi- 
vism because  they  have  to  ply  their  calling  more  or  less  openly,  as  compared  with 
the  burglar,  hold-up  man,  etc.  Their  returns  are  smaller,  and  they  receive  shorter 
sentences. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  20,  psyciiopathic;  in  Morals  Court  three  times  for  receiving  stolen 
property;  broke  probation  twice;  was  also  in  a  juvenile  home. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic;  fornication;  living  with  a  man  two  years;  had 
previous  arrest  for  soliciting. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  prxcox ;  fornication ;  had  previous  arrest,  had  been  at 
Park  Ridge  School  six  years.     Her  mother  is  in  state  insane  asylum. 

Case,  age  27,  dementia  prscox ;  adultery  and  fornication. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  prrecox ;  adultery  and  fornication  in  Morals  Court;  in 
another  court,  running  away  from  home;  in  Juvenile  Court,  was  picked  up  on  street. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praccox,  alcoholic.  Had  three  arrests  in  Morals  Court, 
shop  lifting;  two  disorderly  conduct.    Her  husband  shot  a  man. 

Case,  age  27,  dementia  pra;cox ;  in  Morals  Court  for  soliciting ;  one  arrest  for 
larceny. 

Case,  age  24,  psychopathic;  in  Morals  Court  for  soliciting;  now  three  months 
pregnant  with  illegitimate  child. 

Case,  age  18,  psj'chopathic;  Morals  Court  for  soliciting;  now  pregnant  with 
illegitimate  child. 

Case,  age  18,  colored,  mental  level  10.6  years ;  in  Morals  Court  twice  for  solicit- 
ing; once  in  other  court.     She  is  illegitimate  child. 

Case,  age  16,  mental  level  11.2  years;  in  Morals  Court  accusing  boys  of  rape. 
She  had  one  previous  arrest ;  claims  four  boys  raped  her. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  praecox,  alcoholic;  two  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  one 
in  raided  house,  one  soliciting;  she  is  an  illegitimate  child. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic,  alcoholic,  hermaphrodite;  three  arrests  in  Morals 
Court  for  alcoholism ;  has  taken  drink  cure  unsuccessfully. 

Case,  age  22,  high  grade  moron,  mental  level  11.4  years;  fornication;  lived  w-ith 
a  man  two  years. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic,  w^hite;  fornication  and  adultery,  living  with  colored 
man. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic;  mental  level  11.4  years;  fornication.  Is  an  illegiti- 
mate child,  and  is  herself  now  pregnant  with  an  illegitimate  child. 

Case,  age  31,  mental  level  10.6  years;  colored;  fornication  and  living  with  a 
man,  and  has  illegitimate  child  to  him. 

Case,  age  21,  white;  dementia  praecox  with  moral  defect;  was  in  reform  school 
three  years;  was  married  to  a  colored  man,  deserted  him,  and  now  living  with 
another  colored  man. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  praecox;  pathological  liar;  adultery  and  fornication. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  praecox,  alcoholic;  in  :Morals  Court,  fornication,  in 
court  in  another  state  as  complaining  witness  when  she  was  raped;  married  man 
who  raped  her,  and  was  deserted  by  him  later. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  pr.xcox :  living  with  a  man.  She  was  illegitimate;  was 
in  home  for  girls. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  prc'ccox,  alcoholic,  half  colored ;  lived  in  houses  of 
prostitution  ten  years;  many  arrests  in  ^Morals  Court. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  praecox ;  arrested  in  hotel  with  a  man ;  shr  is  married ; 
forced  marriage_\vhen  two  months  pregnant  illegitimatelv. 

Case,  age  25,  dementia  praecox.  alcoholic;  four  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  one  for 
sohcitmg,  twice  inmate  disorderly  house,  once  desertion. 

—  96  — 


Case,  age  21,  psychopathic;  two  arrests  in  Morals  Court  for  adultery  and 
fornication;  once  for  larceny;  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic;  has  a  two-room  flat;  three  men  living  in  intimacy 
with  her  there. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prjccox ;  two  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  soliciting;  one 
in  another  court  for  shooting  her  husband ;  he  was  a  panderer. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praecox  ;  arrested  for  soliciting,  used  her  home  in  the 
basement.     Her  husband  was  a  janitor. 

Case,  age  22,  mental  level  11.0  years;  contributing  to  delinquency  of  a  little 
girl.     She  is  living  with  a  man. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  pra^cox.  alcoholic;  bigamy. 

Case,  age  26,  dementia  pra;cox,  alcoholic ;  two  arrests  in  Morals  Court.  Took 
men  to  her  home. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  pmccox,  colored ;  soliciting  white  men  in  an  alley. 

Case,  age  35,  mental  level  10.6  j'ears ;  in  Morals  Court  once ;  has  twice  accused 
men  of  pandering. 

Case,  age  16,  dementia  praxox ;  three  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  once  previously. 
Runs  away  from  home  and  solicit^. 

Case,  age  24,  mental  level  10.2  years ;  adultery. 

The  bulk  of  'the  remaining  cases  consisted  of  soliciting;  inmates  of  disorderly 
houses ;  in  hotels  with  men,  etc. 

Middle  Grade  Morons. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 
Cases. 

Average 
Chronological  Age. 

Average 
Basal  Mental  Age. 

Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

84 

26.21 

7.68 

9.64 

Psychopathy. 

Twenty-eight  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr?ecox,  fourteen  of  these  were  compli- 
cated by  alcoholism,  one  is  epileptic  as  well  as  alcoholic. 

Three  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  by  alcoholism, 
one  is  also  alcoholic  and  drug  addict. 

One,  middle  grade  moron,  is  epileptic,  one  is  drug  addict,  one  multiple  sclerosis. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,-  age  23,  dementia  prsecox,  mental  level  9.6  years.  Epileptic,  alcoholic ; 
three  arrests  in  Morals  Court;  inmate  of  disorderly  house. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  prsecox,  mental  level  9.4  years ;  living  with  a  man. 

Case,  age  24,  mental  level  9.8  years ;  two  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  first  for  living 
with  a  man,  second  drinking  and  soliciting. 

Case,  age  27,  mental  level  9.4  years ;  has  multiple  sclerosis ;  committed  to 
Lincoln;  Morals  Court  three  times;  once  she  was  stabbed  in  a  fight 

Case,  age  37,  mental  level  9.6  years ;  drug  addict ;  fornication. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  prarcox,  mental  level  9.4  years ;  two  arrests  in  Morals 
Court,  one  for  disorderly  conduct,  one  for  fornication ;  twice  arrested  in  other 
:ourts  for  soliciting. 

Case,  age  26,  dementia  prscox,  mental  level  9.6  years,  alcoholic,  white,  married 
CO  colored  man;  six  arre?ts  in  Morals  Court,  soliciting  and  drinking. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic,  mental  level  8.6  j-ears ;  alcoholic ;  three  arrests  in 
Morals  Court  and  one  previously. 

The  bulk  of  the  rest  of  the  cases  are  soliciting,  disorderly  conduct,  inmates  of 
disorderly  houses,  and  in  hotels  with  men. 

—  97  — 


Low  Grade  Morons. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 
Cases. 

31 


Average 
Chronological  Age. 

27.06 


Average 
Basal  Mental  Age. 

6.35 


Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

8.4 


Psychopathy. 

Ten  cases  were  diagnosed  dementia  praecox;  six  were  complicated  by  alcoholism. 

One  case  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution. 

One  case  hysteroid. 

One  case  has  left-sided  hemiplegia. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  hysteroid,  mental  level  7.8  years,  colored ;  intimate  with  colored 
boy,  age  16. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  precox,  mental  level  8.8  years ;  had  disorderly  dive. 

Case,  age  42,  dementia  praecox,  mental  level,  8.6  years,  white ;  was  living  with  a 
colored  man. 

Case,  age  22,  mental  level  age  9  years ;  once  in  Morals  Court,  inmate  of  dis- 
orderly house ;  once  in  outside  court,  contribtiting  to  delinquency  of  a  little  girl. 

Case,  age  23,  mental  level  8.4  years;  two  arrests,  once  inmate  of  disorderly 
house,  once  shoplifting;  was  in  House  of  Good  Shepherd  for  a  year. 

Remaining  cases  arrested  for  soliciting. 

An  analysis  of  the  intelligence  level  of  six  hundred  and  eighty-six  female  cases 
gave  the  following  results : 


Mental  Levels. 


Number 
of  Cases. 


Average  Intelligence    70 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 38 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 44 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 46 

High  Grade  Morons 368 

Middle  Grade  Morons 87 

Low  Grade  Morons 32 

Imbecile    1 

Total    686 

Analysis  of  Psychopathy  of  Females — 464  Cases 

Xumbcr 
Diagnosis.  of  Cases. 

Dementia  prcecox 118 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism   118 

Dementia  praecox  plus  chronic   alcoholism   plus   preparalytic 

dementia  3 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism  plus  senile  dementia 

Dementia  pr.xcox  plus  alcoholism  plus  exhibitionist 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism  plus  drug  addiction 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism  plus  epilepsy 

Dementia  pra?cox  plus  preparalytic  dementia. 

Dementia  pnccox  plus  tuberculosis   

Dementia  praecox  plus  epilepsy    

Dementia  pra;cox  plus  pathological   liar    

Dementia  pnccox  plus  drug  addiction   2 

Dementia  pr.Tcox  plus  sex  pervert   2 


Percentage. 

10.20 

5.54 

6.41 

6.70 
53.64 
12.68 

4.66 
.14 

100.00 


Percentage. 

25.48 
25.48 

0.65 
0.22 
0.22 
0.65 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.65 
0.43 
0.43 
0.43 


—  98  — 


iJfincntia  pr:ccox  plus  moral  dcfccl 3 

Dementia  prfecox  plus  hermaphrodite   plus   chronic   alcohol- 
ism, exhibitionist   1 

Psychopathic  constitution 42 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism    23 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  alcoholism    plus    drug   addic- 
tion     •■ 

Psjrhopathic  constitution  plus  acute  alcoholism    

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  alcoholism  plus  epilepsy 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  epilepsy  

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  locomotor  ataxia 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus     preparalytic     dementia    plus 

chronic  alcoholism,  on  verge  of  delirium  tremens 

Psychopathic   constitution    plus    dementia   paralytica 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  preparalytic  dementia 8 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus     preparalytic     dementia    plus 

alcoholism    2 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus    preparalytic     dementia     plus 

epilepsy    1 

Chronic  alcoholism    17 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  epilepsy   2 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute  exacerbation 1 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  polyneuritis    1 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  drug  addiction 6 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  locomotor  ataxia 1 

Epilepsy    4 

Drug  addiction    7 

Drug  addiction  plus  lues 1 

Manic-depressive  insanity  plus  sex  complications 1 

Manic-depressive  insanity  plus  'alcoholism 1 

Manic-depressive  insanity,  depressive  state 1 

Hysteria    1 

Hysteroid    2 

Juvenile  paresis    1 

Physical  examinations    55 

Physical  examinations,  venereal  disease    2 

Physical  examination,  myocarditis  1 

Physical  examination,  multiple  sclerosis 1 

Physical  examination,  left  side  hemiplegia 1 

Physical  examination,  congenital  syphilis 1 

Physical  examinations,  lues   4 


0.65 

0.22 
9.07 
5.40 

0.65 
0.22 
0.22 
1.08 
0.22 
0.22 

0.22 
0.22 
1.73 

0.43 

0.22 
3.67 
0.43 
0.22 
0.22 
1.29 
0.22 

.  0.86 
1.51 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.43 
0.22 

11.88 
0.43 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.22 
0.86 


Total    464 

An  analysis  of  341  cases  of  females  with  combined  intelligence  and  psychopathic 

diagnosis,  of  the  psychopathic  constitution,  dementia  prsccox  groups,  and  dementia 

preparalytica :  i 

With                    With  rre- 

Dementia        Psychopathic  paralytic 
Prsecox.          Constitutinn.    Dementia. 

Average  Intelligence   26                     12  2 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 11                       6  1 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 12                       7  0 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 22                     13  1 

High  Grade  Morons 147                      13  4 

Middle  Grade   Morons 28                       5  0 

Low    Grade    Morons 10                       1  0 

Totals    256                    11  8 


—  99  — 


Females — School  Records. 


80.287o  +  II-  &  M.  G.  S.  =  85.08% 
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29 

29 

47 

15 

323 

73 

27 

Average  chronological  age 

Average  basal  mental  age 

Average  total  mental  age 

Average  age  entered  school... 

Average  age  left  school 

Average   grade    

25.22 
9.68 

12.37 
6.22 

15.17 
8.7 

24.14 
9.86 

12.3 
6.17 

14.7 
7.45 

25.03 
9.65 

12.08 
6.76 

14.55 
7.14 

25.3 
8.87 

11.77 
6.04 

13.9 
6.74 

26.26 
8.6 
11.6 

6.53 

13.66 

5.53 

24.93 
8.48 

10.87 
6.68 

14.54 
6.55 

26.11 
7.71 
9.66 
7.17 

14.03 
4.76 

27.2 
6.5 
8.5 
6.5' 

13.3* 
3  5' 

'Two  not  included  in  school  data  who  never  attended  school. 
'One  age  40,  basal  6,  total  mental  level  8.2  years,  hemiplegia. 
'One  age  42,  basal  7,  total  8.6  years.    Has  dementia  prsecox. 


MALES 

Average    Intelligence. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 
Cases. 


Average 
Chronological   Age. 

29.5 


Average 
Basal  Mental  Age. 

10.75 


Psychopathy. 


Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

12.75 


Two  of  the  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox,  one  was  complicated  with 
alcoholism,  the  other  was  a  sex  pervert. 

Two  were  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  by  epilepsy, 
alcoholism  and  effeminacy. 

One  of  these  cases,  age  29,  arrested  for  committing  rape,  was  a  case  of  dementia 
praccox  and  sex  pervert. 

One  psychopathic  white  man,  age  32,  arrested  for  living  with  negress. 

One  case,  age  25,  white,  dementia  prsecox,  alcoholic;  insulted  a  negress. 

One  case,  age  32,  white,  psychopathic,  epileptic  and  alcoholic,  effeminate,  mar- 
ried; arrested  three  different  times  in  hotels  with  other  women.  He  has  been 
domg  this  for  years. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 

Mental  Diagnosis. 
Two  cases: 

One,  age  25,  colored,  dementia  prrecox ;  arrested  for  sodomy. 
One,  age  20,  white,  dementia  prsecox ;   indecent  exposure. 

—  100  — 


High  Grade  Sociopaths. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological   Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

7 

25.28 

8.71 

12.08 

Four  had  double  basals  and  two  had  triple  basal  ages. 

Psychopathy. 

Three  were  diagnosed  as  dementia  prsecox. 

Four  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  with  pre- 
paralytic dementia  and  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  psychopathic;  arrested  for  adultery. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  praeco.x ;  accused  woman  of  soliciting  him. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic;  charged  woman  with  whom  he  had  been  staying 
with  robbing  him. 

Case,  age  35,  psychopathic,  preparalytic  dementia  and  alcoholism ;  arrested  for 
drunkenness  and  indecent  exposure. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  prascox ;  was  arrested  for  living  with  a  woman  age  52, 
who  had  done  washing  and  house  cleaning  for  his  mother. 

Two  other  cases  arrested  in  hotel  raids. 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological   Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age, 

13 

23.38 

9.23 

11.3 

Psychopathy. 

Five  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox. 

Eight  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  by  alcoholism,  one 
drug  addict,  one  has  lues. 

Tabulation  of  Arrests. 

Average  arrests  in  Morals  Court 1.08 

Previous  arrests    0.38 

In  previous  arrests,  5  individuals  had  10  arrests,  or  2.0  arrests  per  case. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  pra^cox ;  arrested  for  sodomy. 

Case,  age  28,  psychopathic,  alcoholic;  fornication,  once  before  for  gambling. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  pra?cox ;  contributing  to  delinquency  of  a  17-year-old 
girl. 

Case,  age  27,  psychopathic,  morphinist,  blind ;  was  living  in  adultery  with 
woman  who  was  a  pfropfhehephrcnic,  whom  we  later  committed  to  feeble-minded 
institution  with  her  illegitimate  child  which  she  had  to  him;  she  was  also  a  morphin- 
ist ;  she  had  deserted  a  good  home  and  her  three  children  to  live  in  cellar  in  squalor 
and  filth  with  her  blind  paramour  who  peddled  pencils  for  a  living. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic,  luetic,  white;  arrested  in  hotel  with  colored  girl. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  pra^cox ;  Morals  Court  for  pandering,  previous  arrest  in 
Boys  Court,  stole  auto. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic;  adultery. 

— 101  — 


I'aso.  aKC  17,  dniU'iUia  pni'cnx  ;  .■.rn-.slrd  in  Morals  Court  for  adultery,  two 
privious  arrests. 

Case,  age  23,  psychopntliic;  in  hotel  with  woman. 

Case',  age  22,  donunlia  pra-cox ;  house  raid. 

Case,  age  21.  psyciiopathic,  alcoholic;  Morals  Court  once,  3  previous  arrests; 
viz.,  3  disorderly  conduct,  1  violating  parole,  1  stealing  auto;  served  in  House  of 
Correcti'111  iwirc,  once  for  a  year,  once  for  riding  on  freight  train. 

High    Grade   Borderland   Morons. 
Menial  Diagnosis. 


Xo.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

C.isea. 

Chronological   Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

4 

32.25 

8.75 

11.45 

Psychopathy. 

Three  were  diagnosed  as  dementia  precox,  two  complicated  by  alcoholism. 
One  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  pr£ecox,  alcoholic;  adultery. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic;  adultery  and  fornication. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  prjecox ;  in  a  house  raid. 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  pra?cox,  alcoholic,  colored;   disorderly  conduct. 

High  Grade  Morons. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


Xo.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological   Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age, 

17 

26.05 

8.75 

11.03      . 

Psychopathy. 

Eleven  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox,  four  complicated  by  alcoholism,  one 
of  the  alcoholics  was  a  Cherokee  Indian,  one  was  efifeminate. 

Three  were  diagnosed  psj'chopathic  constitution,  one  complicated  by  alcohol. 

One  was  preparalytic  dementia. 

One  moron,  mental  level  10.4  \-ears,  w-ith  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  42,  psychopathic,  alcoholic,  preparalytic  dementia;  contributing  'o 
delinquency  of  a  child. 

Case,  age  30,  colored,  high  grade  moron,  mental  level  10.4  j-ears;  fornication. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  prsecox ;  arrested  in  Morals  Court,  2807.  Has  also  been 
in  Boys  Court,  was  in  Juvenile  Court  six  times ;  has  been  in  St.  Charles,  Parental 
School  twice,  was  in  Lincoln  State  School  for  Feeble-Minded.  He  ran  away  six 
times. 

Case,  age  21.  dementia  precox;   fornication. 

Case,  age  25,  psychopathic,  alcoholic,  colored ;  crimes  against  nature  on  little 
boy. 

Case,  age  44,  dementia  praecox,  colored ;  Morals  Court,  978-982.  Had  four 
previous  arrests,  once  for  non-support  of  wife  and  family,  once  for  disorderly  con- 
duct, once  for  adultery,  once  for  stealing. 

Case,  age  19.  dementia  pr?ecox ;   in  Morals  Court  for  pandering,  was  once  in 

—  102  — 


Boys  Court  for  stealing  auto,  once  in  Speeders  Court  speeding  in  stolen  machine, 
was  in  Juvenile  Court  for  running  away  from  home. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  prcccox ;  accused  paramour  of  stealing  his  money. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prsecox,  effeminate,  colored;  in  Morals  Court  for  crimes 
against  nature. 

Case,  age  25,  dementia  praecox ;  fornication. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  praccox ;  incest  with  mother,  once  in  outside  court, 
mother  had  him  arrested  for  running  away. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  prsecox,  alcoholism ;  in  Morals  Court,  2025. 

The  bulk  of  the  remaining  arrests  were  for  patronizing  disorderly  houses,  in 
hotels  with  women,  etc. 

Middle    Grade   Morons. 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological   Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

13 

27.69 

7.53 

9.76 

Psychopathy. 
Six  were  diagnosed  dementia  precox,  one  complicated  by  alcoholism. 
One   was   diagnosed   psychopathic   constitution,    one   was   complicated   by   alco- 
holism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  mental  level  10.0  years ;  twice  in  iMorals  Court,  two  previous 
arrests,  stole  a  phonograph  once,  once  for  fornication,  twice  driving  without  a 
license. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  pr;ecox,  mental  level  10.0  years;  in  Morals  Court  for 
pandering. 

Case,  age  20,  mental    level    10.0   years;    in    Morals    Court    for    attacking    little 

girl- 
Case,  age  43,  mental  level  9.8  years,  colored ;  was  with  white  woman  in  a  raid. 
Most  of  remaining  cases  arrested  in  raids  on  disorderly  houses. 

Low  Grade  Morons. 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 
Cases. 

Chronological    Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

1 

22 

7 

9 

He  is  psychopathic. 


—  103 


Analysis   of    Psychopathy   of    152    Cases — Males. 

Number 
I'liignosls.  o'  Cases.  Percentage. 

"^7  21  O"? 

Dciiu-ntia  prrccox •^-  ^^-^-^ 

ncmciitia  pr.xcox  plus  clironic  alcoholism   10  6.58 

Dfinciitia  prsccox  plus  moral  defect  plus  alcoholism 1  0.66 

Dementia  prxcox  plus  moral  defect  plus  hereditary  lues 1  0.66 

Dementia  prcxcox  plus  sex  pervert   3  1.97 

Dementia  pra^cox  plus  effeminate   1  0.66 

Psychopathic  constitution  19  11.84 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism 39  25.68 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  hypo- 
mania    1  0.66 

I'.sychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism    plus    ar- 
teriosclerosis          3  1.97 

P.sychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism   plus   epi- 
lepsy plus  effeminate 1  0.66 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic   alcoholism  plus   pre- 
paralytic dementia  2  1.32 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  drug 

addiction  2  1.32 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute 

exacerbation  1  0.66 

Psycliopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  lues.       3  1.97 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction   4  2.63 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  effeminate  plus  homosexual..       2  1.32 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  homosexual  plus  chronic  al- 
coholism.     Many    secondary    sexual    characteristics    of 

opposite  sex 1  0.66 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  lues    1  0.66 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  gonorrhea  plus  chancre 1  0.66 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  preparalytic  dementia 1  0.66 

Hysteria    1  0.66 

Epilepsy  plus  alcoholism 1  0.66 

Senile  dementia  1  0.66 

Senile  dementia  plus  alcoholism 1  0.66 

Physical,  venereal   disease 19  12.50 


An  analysis  of  the  intelligence  level  of  ninety-three  male  cases  gave  the  follow- 
ing results : 

Number 

Mental  Levels.  of  Cases.  Percentage. 

.Vv^rage  Intelligence  16  17.20 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 7  7.53 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 12  12.90 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 20  21.50 

High  Grade  Morons 24  25.81 

Middle  Grade  Moron? 13  13.98 

Low  Grade  Morons 1  1.07 


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Almost  every  means  of  an  objective  nature  that  could  be  speculated  upon  has 
been  used  for  the  suppression  of  vice;  in  later  years  such  things,  for  instance,  as 
imprisonment,  fines,  reformation,  probation,  parole,  religion,  big-sister  movement, 
and  all  to  no  avail,  no  impression  being  made  at  all  by  any  or  all  of  these  methods. 
Any  well-regulated  business  would  have  long  ago  discarded  such  fruitless  methods 
and  struck  out  in  new  fields  or  in  new  ways  after  so  much  experimentation  had 
been  found  wanting.  Practically  all  thinking  people  who  are  interested  in  such 
public  questions  are  growing  impatient  if  not  disgusted  by  the  persistence  any 
further  along  these  lines. 

The  people  attacking  this  problein  should  now  realize,  after  their  other  un- 
scientific methods  have  failed  so  ignominiously,  that  there  is  only  one  way  to  get 
at  the  root  of  any  of  these  problems,  and  therefore  the  cure,  which  is  going  at  it 
through  scientific  means  and  methods.  The  work  of  the  Psychopathic  Laboratory 
discloses  the  fact  that  a  very  high  percentage  of  these  girls  are  so  mentally  defective 
or  psychopathic  that  there  is  no  legitimate  way  open  to  them  for  making  a  living. 
This  is  an  illustration  of  what  scientific  means  can  do  for  the  elucidation  of  such 
problems.  The  final  solution  will  require  a  thorough  study  of  sex  physiology,  sex 
psychology,  the  relation  of  the  psychoses,  neuroses  and  alcoholic  debauches,  etc.,  to 
sex  starvation,  feeble-mindedness,  dementia  praecox,  manic-depressive  insanity 
especially ;  also  the  sex  instinct,  which  is  the  most  primal  instinct  of  all.  We  will 
have  to  have  the  assistance  of  the  physician,  the  neurologist,  the  psychiatrist,  the 
sociologist,  the  statesman,  etc.,  to  help  us. 

We  have  noticed  that  as  soon  as  any  town  within  the  radius  of  a  couple  of 
hundred  miles  or  so  of  Chicago  closes  up  its  red  light  district  the  girls  begin  to 
turn  up  in  Chicago  within  a  few  days,  showing  that  in  closing  up  these  districts  we 
only  spread  these  girls  out  either  over  other  parts  of  the  same  city  or  in  other 
cities.  Upon  hearing  this  a  man  said,  "Let  us  close  these  districts  all  down  at 
once  all  over  the  country."  First,  this  would  be  impracticable;  second,  these  girls 
would  go  round  clandestinely;  and  third,  a  large  number  of  them  would  be  driven 
into  other  crimes,  such  as  thieving,  confidence  games,  shop-lifting,  etc.,  for  the  large 
majority  of  them  are  feeble-minded,  and  psychopathic  to  such  a  degree  that  they 
cannot  make  a  living.  Our  problem  will  not  be  confined  to  the  lower  classes  alone, 
for  the  sex  instinct  and  the  sex  instinct  on  a  psychotic  basis  manifests  itself  in  all 
classes  and  in  all  walks  of  life. 

There  should  be  a  central  national  committee,  or,  better,  an  international  com- 
mittee formed  to  give  this  problem  proper  study.  Such  a  committee  should  be 
made  up  only  of  men  of  high  scientific  attainment.  Experts  will  be  needed  also 
from  the  fields  of  biology,  physiology,  sociology,  anthropology,  normal  and  abnormal 
psychology,  and  the  branches  of  medicine  related  to  the  subject,  such  as  gynecol- 
ogists, obstetricians,  genito-urinary  experts,  etc. 

Local  committees  are  subjected  to  too  many  untoward  influences,  such  as  local 
politics  and  other  local  insurmountable  incongruities,  and  there  are  few  communi- 
ties which  have  all  the  trained  men  to  attack  the  problem.  A  national  committee 
should  be  formed,  sufficiently  financed,  preferably  by  the  government,  but  there  is 
no  doubt  that  some  of  our  wealthy  men  would  finance  the  committee  if  they  were 
really  convinced  tliat  an  unprejudiced,  unbiased,  scientific  solution  of  the  problem 
was  to  be  undertaken.  The  members  of  such  a  committee  should  receive  com- 
mensurate compensation,  for  expert  opinion  and  research  in  matters  such  as  this 
cannot  be  secured  for  nothing. 

—  106  — 


COURT  OF  DOMESTIC  RELATIONS 

During  this  period  there  were  1270  cases  thoroughly  examined,  678  males 
and  558  females,  including  117  bastardy  cases,  in  addition  to  quite  a  large 
group  where  a  thorough  examination  was  not  made,  eitiier  tlirough  lack  of 
time,  or  because  it  was  not  desired,  etc. 

The  cases  on  the  whole  might  be  regarded  as  somewhat  selected  but 
nevertheless  typify  in  a  very  high  degree  the  average  run  of  cases  finding 
their  way  into  this  court,  as  we  learn  from  our  daily  experience  in  intimate 
contact  with  them,  both  those  we  directly  examine  and  those  not  submitted 
to  a  formal  examination.  It.  like  the  other  specialized  branches,  is  nothing 
nuire  nur  less  than   a  sociopathic  clinic,  a  clinic  of  abnormal  psychology. 

The  cases  in  which  domestic  privacies  must  find  their  way  into  the  public 
forum  for  relief,  where  but  very  little  of  the  depth  of  the  disturbance,  infe- 
licities, abuse,  neglect,  desertion,  beatings  and  insults,  etc.,  one  story  being 
at  the  bottom  pretty  much  the  same  as  another,  come  to  the  surface,  usually 
represent  years  of  patient  suffering  before  the  victims  are  driven  to  air  their 
domestic  affairs  in  public  and  seek  relief  in  court.  The  majority  of  these 
cases  have  already  been  worked  on  by  several  hands  unsuccessfully,  as,  for 
instance,  social  workers,  the  social  service  department  of  the  court,  etc., 
strengthening  their  pleas  by  appealing  in  the  name  of  the  neglected  and  abused 
wife  and  children,  before  the  case  eventually  reaches  the  judge.  Medicine  as 
j-et  is  practically  helpless  with  mental  defectiveness  and  psychopathy  with  its 
concomitant  alcoholism,  etc,  so  also  the  social  workers  soon  discover  their 
limitations,  their  optimism  being  in  inverse  ratio  to  the  extent  of  their  training 
and  experience.  Such  a  well-organized  bureau  as  the  Adult  Probation  Society 
has  gone  on  record  as  to  the  high  degree  of  failure  it  meets  with  here,  and 
such  cases,  flaunting  aside  both  experience  and  science,  are  then  set  down 
l)efore  the  judge  and  he  is  expected  to  work  the  transformatinn  with  such 
therapeutic  resources  as  the  cell  and  the  rockpile.  „ 

The  terminal  stages  of  the  cases  are  much  as  follows:  separation,  divorce 
court,  charitable  institutions  and  homes,  alms  house,  prison,  insane  asylum, 
pauper's  grave.  Out  of  sheer  desperation,  in  the  face  of  their  necessity  and 
helplessnesb,  the  victims  of  our  cases  in  manj-  instances  resign  themselves 
to  their  fates  and  in  this  way  eke  out  a  miserable  existence,  appealing  to  the 
court  from  lime  to  linu-  when  affairs  get  bcj'ond  all  endurance.  Practically 
all  of  those  cases  arc  recruited  from  that  two  per  cent  defective  group  of  the 
poi)ulation.  and  while  this  grouj)  is  numerically  insignificant,  potentially  it  is 
tremendous,  and  from  the  extent  of  havoc  they  produce,  is  regarded  as  much 
more  numerous  than  it  really  is ;  though  the  ramifications  of  this  same  two 
per  cent  of  the  population,  with  its  concomitant  civic  burden  and  damage,  are 
much  greater  than  is  generally  appreciated.  We  see  their  stamp  in  the  numerous 
accidents  on  land  and  sea,  in  industr)^  the  army  and  navy,  in  the  courts,  both 
criminal  and  civil,  the  basis  of  traumatic,  industrial,  war  and  prison  psychoses 
and  neuroses.  We  see  it  as  the  basis  for  alcoholism,  drug  addiction,  etc.  We 
also  think  it  plays  a  role  as  a  contributing  factor  in  the  production  of  the 
l)arasyphilitic  psychoses  and  neuroses  in  those  contracting  lues.  Wc  think 
the  coincidence  here  that  about  two  per  cent  of  those  contracting  lues  develop 

—  107  — 


panisypliilitic  iktvi.hs  affections,  like  the  fact  tliat  about  two  per  cent  of  the 
population  are  defective,  and  tliat  about  two  per  cent  are  criminals,  to  be  more 
ihan  a  coincidence. 

We  arc  quite  convinced  from  a  careful  study  of  the  hundreds  of  chronic 
alcoholics  that  vvc  have  had  the  opportunity  to  test  and  study  from  infancy 
up,  as  well  as  their  heredity  and  ofTspring,  that  psychopathy,  such  as  feeble- 
mindedness, dementia  priccox,  psychopathic  constitution,  etc.,  is  at  the  base, 
and  that  such  alcoholism  is  but  an  expression  of  the  underlying  psychopathy. 
The  dearth  of  results  obtained  in  the  cure  of  alcoholism  is  but  a  further  con- 
lirmation  of  our  findings,  as  we  cannot  cure  psychopathy,  which  is  hereditary 
and  constitutional.  These  individuals  represent  the  so-called  "horrible  examples 
of  alcoholism."  At  one  time  it  was  though  that  alcoholism  was  a  contributing 
cause,  with  lues,  of  dementia  paralytica.  We  come  now  more  and  more  to  the 
conclusion  that  psychopathy  is  the  common  basis  of  both,  that  both  the  alcoholism 
and  the  dementia  paralytica  are  but  the  outcome  of  the  underlying  psychopathy. 

A  very  high  percentage  of  our  cases  from  the  Domestic  Relations  Court 
manifest  very  outspoken  delusions  of  infidelity,  not  only  accusing  and  suspect- 
ing their  wives  of  illicit  relations  with  other  men  and  even  with  their  own 
sons,  but  also  in  many  instances  accusing  their  daughters  of  promiscuous  illicit 
relations  with  men  and  usually  calling  both  the  wives  and  daughters  the  com- 
monest of  street  names,  etc.  This  was  a  symptom  generally  attributed  to 
excessive  chronic  alcoholic  abuse  and  called  "alcoholic  delusions  of  infidelity," 
and  has  been  attributed  to  impotcncy  on  the  part  of  the  man,  due  to  his 
alcoholism.  We  do  not  think  this  theory  entirely  appropriate.  We  have  found 
most  of  our  cases  with  delusions  of  infidelity  to  be  chronic  alcoholics,  but  not 
all  of  them.  Some  of  our  most  outspoken  and  dangerous  cases  of  delusions 
of  infidelity  were  in  cases  using  little  or  no  alcohol,  but  all  were  unmistakable 
cases  of  dementia  prsecox  paranoides.  We  have  found  the  same  delusions  in 
a  certain  percentage  of  our  women  from  the  Domestic  Relations  Court  where 
they  were  obsessed  with  the  idea  that  their  husbands  were  intimate  with  other 
women  and  even  with  their  own  daughters,  in  many  instances  also  sex  delu- 
sions about  their  sons  and  daughters,  in  the  majority  of  instances  in  both  sexes 
of  the  most  groundless  and  obvious  falsity.  Most,  but  not  all,  of  our  women 
with  such  delusions  were  also  alcoholic.  We  are  not  only  not  finding  impotency 
to  account  for  the  symptom,  but  on  the  contrary,  as  is  a  common  symptom 
of  our  pra.*cox  cases,  they  are  oversexed  and  most  of  these  cases  with  sex 
delusions  are  excessive  in  their  sexual  relations.  We,  of  course,  find  incest  not 
uncommon  in  our  prrecox  families.  Tlic  alcoholism,  therefore,  may  rather  be 
regarded  as  a  concomitant  symptom  of  the  dementia  praecox  rather  than  a 
basis.  It  was  also  previously  thought  that  alcoholism  was  a  contributing  factor 
in  paresis.  We  may  now  regard  it  as  well  as  paresis  as  concomitant  symptoms 
of  an  underlying  fundamental  psychopathy.  We  find  that  paresis  is  con- 
ditioned by  a  luetic  infection  on  a  psychopathic  constitution  just  as  the  al- 
coholism is,  and  where  we  find  alcoholism  as  a  concomitant  symptom,  we  find 
in  such  cases  that  it  as  often  as  not  was  antecedent  to  the  luetic  infection. 
We  have  discussed  this  theory  somewhat  more  fully  in  a  paper  entitled  "Psy- 
chiatry and  Sociology,"  read  before  the  sixth  annual  meeting  of  the  Alienists 
and  Neurologists  in  joint  session  with  the  Chicago  Medical  Society,  July  11. 
1Q17.  and   published   in  The  Journal  of  Sociologic   Medicine,  October,    1917. 

— 108  — 


Arrests 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  here  also,  as  well  as  in  the  Morals,  Roys  and 
other  courts,  that  the  percentage  of  arrests  we  give  is  considerably  below 
actualities.  We  not  only  approximate  the  previous  arrests  in  this  c<airt  up 
to  the  time  of  examination,  but  have  included  no  arrests  made  after  the  ex- 
amination. On  account  of  the  shortness  of  the  period  covered  by  this  report 
we  miss  records  of  repetition  on  those  who  have  been  serving  sentences,  when 
the  laboratorj'  opened  as  well  as  since.  Furthermore,  most  of  the  cases  in 
the  Domestic  Relations  Court  have  been  brought  in  on  letter  and  given  one 
or  more  chances  and  opportunities  to  rectify  their  conduct  before  they  are 
finally  formally  placed  under  arrest  and  brought  before  the  judge.  The 
problems  of  this  court  are  further  magnified  by  the  fact  that  so  often  like  finds 
like,  prsecox  marries  praecox,  and  feeble-minded  marries  feeble-minded,  with 
tlie  ensuing  complications  resulting  from  such  a  condition.  On  the  other  hand 
we  observe  it  helps  the  situation  materially  if  one  of  the  partners  approaches 
normality. 

Analysis  of  the  Intelligence  Findings  on  226  Males 

Number 

of  Cases.  Percentage. 

Average  Intelligence  23  10.18 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 17  7.52 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 34  15.04 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 25  11.06 

High  Grade  Morons 89  39.38 

Middle  Grade  Morons 14  6.19  |-82.28% 

Low  Grade  Morons 21  9.29 

Imbeciles   2  0.88 

Idiots    1  0.44 

Analysis  of  the  Intelligence  Findings  on  201  Females 

Number 

of  Cases.  Percentage. 

Average  Intelligence   9  4.47 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 21  10.44 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 8  3.98' 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 13  6.46 

High  Grade  Morons 99  49.25  I  85.05% 

Middle  Grade  Morons 28  13.93  | 

Low   Grade   Morons 21  10.44 

Imbeciles    2  0.99 

MALES 

Average  Intelligence 

Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 

Av'Ke    arrests    In 
AvcraKo  chron-        Avorauo  basal         Averaso  total       Averado  arrests      otlier  criminal      ATorage  arrests 
No.  cases.         oloKlcal  age.  mental  age.  mental  ase.  In  D.  R.  Ct.  courts.  In  J.  C. 

19  37.06  9.47  12.28  1.8  0.44  0.13 

Of  this  group  of  19  cases,  3  admitted  7  arrests  in  other  criminal  branches, 
or  2J32  arrests  i)er  case;  in  this  same  group  2  admitted  2  arrests  in  Juvenile 
Court. 

—  109  — 


Psychopathy. 

'I'ni  c;iM's  in  tliis  Knuip  ^^'^''■^"  diagnosed  dcinc-nlia  pracox,  5  were  c<jm- 
plicated   by  alcoludism,   1   was  complicated  by  drug  addiction. 

l-:iglU  (if  the  group  of  19  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitntion,  1  was 
complicated  by  alcoholism,  1  by  preparalytic  dementia  and  alcoholism,  1  by 
l)resenile  dementia  and  alcoiiolism. 

One  senile  dementia  with  chronic  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

The    following   tabulation   gives    an    idea    of    the   cause   of    arrest   but   does 

IK. I  ill  any  way  bring  to  liglit  the  years  of  suffering,  misery,  etc.,  rf  wife  and 
children  that  led  up  to  it. 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  pnecox  and  alcoholic;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court 
twice  for  non-support  and  two  previ'ous  arrests  in  other  courts. 

Case,  age  36,  dementia  prjecox  paranoides,  with  chronic  alcoholism;  three 
arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  pr?ecox ;  arrested  charged  with  bastardy;  one  previous 
arrest,  one  parole  lJ/2  years. 

Case,  age  50.  dementia  precox ;  wife  was  so  in  mortal  fear  of  him,  had  him 
arrested.    He  had  had  one  previous  arrest. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  prsecox  with  alcoholism ;  two  arrests  in  Domestic  Rela- 
tions Court,  one  for  desertion,  one  for  non-support. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  precox  with  alcoholism ;  has  had  five  arrests,  once  his 
mother  had  him  arrested,  once  his  wife  had  him  arrested,  once  arrested  for  fighting 
and  sentenced  to  House  of  Correction  for  two  months,  arrested  again  for  fighting 
and  sent  to  House  of  Correction  for  six  months,  arrested  once  for  embezzlement, 
sent  to  House  of  Correction  for  thirty  days. 

Case,  age  58,  psychopathic,  senile  dementia,  chronic  alcoholism;  has  taken  five 
cures  for  alcoholism  without  result.  Has  had  nine  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court,  committed  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prscox  with  alcoholism ;  wife  liad  him  arrested  for 
cruelty. 

Balance   of  cases   for   non-support. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age  Basal  Mental  Age.         Total  Mental  Age. 

6  32.66  8.33  12.0 

Psychopathy. 

In  this  group  4  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox,  2  of  which  were  com- 
plicated by  alcoholism,  1  of  these  cases  had  been  in  State  Insane  Asylum  twice. 

One  of  the  group  of  6  was  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  compli- 
cated with   alcoiiolism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  prrecox ;  arrested  twice  in  Domestic  Relations  Court 
and  had  one  previous  arrest  for  burglary,  sent  to  House  of  Correction,  his  first 
arrest  in  our  court  was  for  bastardy,  his  second  for  non-support.  He  was  in  a  boys' 
reform  school  for  IS  months. 

The   remainder  were  in    fur  non-support  of  wife   and   family. 

—  110  — 


High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 

No.  Average  cliron-  Average  basal  Average  total  Average  arrests  Average  arrests 

cases.  ological  age.  mental  age.  mental  age.  in  D.  B.  Ct.  In  other  courts. 

13  33.62  8.77  11.71  4.22  0.66 

In  other  branches  of  the  court  4  cases  admitted  6  arrests,  averaging  1.50  to 
the  case. 

Psychopathy. 

Nine  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  priecox,  6  of  tliese  were  com- 
I)licated  by  alcoholism,  1  was  in  a  very  exitable  katatonic  state. 

Four  of  the  group  of  13  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  3  of 
whom  were  complicated  by  alcoholism  and  1   preparalytic  dementia. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  44,  dementia  praecox,  was  in  an  insane  asylum  in  Europe  twice,  we 
committed  him  here.  He  has  had  27  arrests  for  non-support,  arrested  once  in 
Europe  for  vagrancy,  has  had  in  addition  three  previous  arrests  in  other  courts  in 
this  country. 

Case,  age  40,  very  psychopathic  plus  preparalytic  dementia;  three  arrests  in 
Domestic  Relations  Court  and  one  previous,  one  arrest  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  was  for  incest  with  his  thirteen-year-old  daughter,  other  arrests  for  non- 
support  and  drinking;  we  committed  him  to  hospital  for  insane. 

Case,  age  29,  dementia  pra:cox  katatonia ;  arrested  for  desertion  of  wife  and 
fainily. 

Case,  age  42,  dementia  prtecox  hebephrenia  plus  alcoholism ;  once  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  for  contributing  to  delinquency  of  his  children,  one  previous  arrest 
for  drinking. 

Case,  age  26,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholic;  twice  arrested  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  for  non-support  and  drinking. 

Case,  age  23,  psychopathic,  alcoholic ;  charged  with  bastardy. 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 

No.  .Average  chron-  Average  ba.sal  .\verage  total  .\verago  arrests  Average  arrests 

cases.  ological  age.  mental  age.  mental  age.  in  D.  R.  Ct.  in  otln-r  courts. 

14  33.64  8.36  11.36  1.86  2.28 

In  this  group  of  14  r.'ise^  ft  admitted  32  previou--  anc'^ts,  an  average  of 
5.33  arrests  to  the  case. 

Psychopalhy. 

Nine  cases  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr;ecox,  5  of  these  were 
complicated  by  alcoholism,  1  was  complicated  by  moral  defect,  1  by  prepara- 
lytic dementia,  1  presenile  dementia  plus  alcoholism. 

Five  of  the  group  of  14  cases  were  diagnosed  psycho])athic  constitution, 
2  of  these  were  complicated  by  alcoholism,   1    attempted  simulation. 

Tabulation  of.  Cases. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praecox ;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support, 
four  arrests  in  other  courts  for  fighting,  his  mother  being  the  complainant,  was  in 
Juvenile  Court,  in  Parental  School  six  months. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic,  alcoholic;  forced  marriage;  three  arrests  in  Do- 
inestic  Relations  Court,  non-support  and  abuse. 

—  Ill  — 


Case,  aRC  2Z,  (Irnuntia  pracox  plus  moral  defect;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court 
for  non-support.  17  arrests  in  other  courts  for  speeding,  etc. 

Case,  ajs'c  36.  dementia  pracox  katatonia  plus  alcoholism ;  four  arrests  in 
Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support. 

Case,  age  48.  dementia  praccox  plus  alcoholism ;  once  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  for  incest,  had  deserted  second  wife  and  was  living  with  his  daughter  by  his 
first  wife  in  intimate  relationship.  She  was  also  a  case  of  dementia  pra:co.x.  He 
was  held  to  Criminal  Court,  found  guilty  and  sent  to  penitentiary. 

Case,  age  IS,  psychoi)athic,  simulator ;  charged  with  bastardy. 

Case,  age  53,  dementia  pr;ccox,  presenile  dementia  plus  alcoholism;  once  in 
Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support,  four  previous  arrests  for  drunkenness. 

Case,  age  45,  dementia  pra?cox,  preparalytic  dementia;  non-support  and  use  of 
vile,  foul  language  to  wife  and  children. 

Case,  age  32,  dementia  pra;cox  plus  alcoholism ;  four  arrests  in  Domestic  Re- 
lations Court,  three  previous,  all  for  non-support  and  drunkenness,  has  served  three 
terms  in  tiie  House  of  Correction.  ' 

Case,  age  32,  psychopathic  plus  alcoholism;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  three 
times  for  non-support,  served  two  terms  in  House  of  Correction. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Morons 

Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 


Pi 

<u   . 

fZ  m 

0 

o- 

o 

a 

cu 

m 

mrt 

Ul  *-> 

(0— 1 

a,  J, 

<ug 

u  D 

t..5 

t,  o 

L.  U 

<o 

<U 

Psychopathy. 


I. 

24 

10 

11.6 

1.0 

Dementia  prsecox  plus  alcoholism  plus 
hereditary  lues  plus  chronic  gonorrhea; 
arrested  for  non-support. 

II. 

24 

9 

11.6 

1.0 

2.0 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism;   all  ar- 
rests for  non-support. 

III. 

52 

9 

12.0 

4.0 

1.0 

Dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism;  ar- 
rested for  non-support,  spent  five  years 
in  Joliet  for  manslaughter. 

High  Grade  Morons 

(Mental  Age   10.1-12.0) 
Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 


Av'ge    arrests   In 

No. 

Avorairo  cliron- 

AveraKe  basal 

AveraKe  total 

Average  arrests 

other  criminal 

cases. 

oloRlcal  aKe. 

mental  age. 

mental  age. 

in  D.  R.  Ct. 

branches. 

52 


32.02 


8.52 


10.91 


2.92 


0.97* 


Psychopathy. 

Thirty-live  cases  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  precox,  26  of 
these  wore  complicated  with  clironic  alcoholism,  one  of  which  was  an  advanced 
case  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Eight  cases  of  the  group  of  52  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution, 
four  of  these  were  complicated  with  chronic  alcoholism,  one  of  the  latter  was 
also  complicated  by  preparalytic  dementia. 

Three  psychopaths  had  epilepsy  as  complication,  one  complicated  by  tabo- 
paresis. 


•Computed  on  37  cases;  11  of  these  admitted  36  arrests  in  other  criminal  branches. 
or  an  average  of  2.57  arrests  to  the  case;  2  cases  admitted  4  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court, 
1  was  arrested  3  times,  the  other  case  once. 


—  112  — 


Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  37,  dementia  praecox  plus  alcoholism  and  pulmonary  tuberculosis; 
has  taken  famous  institutional  cure  for  alcoholism  at  age  18  without  result,  in 
Domestic  Relations  Court  twice,  once  for  threatening  to  kill  his  wife,  second  for 
attempting  to  rape  his  twelve-year-old  daughter. 

Case,  age  50,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism;  one  arrest  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  and  ten  in  other  criminal  branches.  In  Domestic  Relations  Court 
because  his  house  was  so  filthy  dirty  that  the  Board  of  Health  instigated  his  being 
brought  into  court,  otiier  arrests  were  for  disorderly  conduct  and  drunkenness. 

Case,  age  37,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism,  preparalytic  dementia ;  in  Do- 
mestic Relations  Court  for  non-support,  was  a  forced  marriage. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  praecox  paranoides ;  once  in  Domestic  Relations  Court 
for  non-support,  four  arrests  in  other  criminal  branches,  forced  marriage,  has  no 
end  of  unpaid  bills. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic,  tabo-paresis ;  four  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  for  drunkenness  and  abusiveness. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia  plus  chronic  alcoholism ;  four 
arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court,  has  been  in  House  of  Correction  Hospital  with 
delirium  tremens,  was  also  in  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  39,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism ;  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  twice  for  non-support,  his  wife  was  also  a  case  of  dementia  praecox  and 
was  so  bad  that  we  had  to  commit  her  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism;  twice  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  for  drunkenness,  five  times  in  other  criminal  branches  for  deser- 
tion and  non-support;  was  three  times  in  Juvenile  Court;  was  in  Pontiac  Reforma- 
tory twice,  27  months  for  robbery,  39  months  for  violating  his  parole,  was  in  House 
of  Correction  three  times,  once  six  months  for  carrying  concealed  weapons,  once 
53  days  for  larceny,  once  again  for  concealed  weapons ;  he  was  in  John  Worthy 
School  three  times,  92  days  for  robbery,  49  days  for  starting  a  fire,  11  days  for 
burglary;  forced  marriage;  we  committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  41,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism;  once  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  for  non-support,  two  arrests  in  other  criminal  branches  for  dis- 
orderly conduct,  served  two  terms  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  38,  psychopathic  plus  chronic  alcoholism ;  on  verge  of  delirium  tre- 
mens, has  had  four  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support  and 
drunkenness,  has  served  two  terms  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  33,  dementia  praecox ;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support, 
forced  marriage,  we  had  to  commit  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  24,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court 
for  non-support,  had  delirium  tremens  once,  attempted  suicide  once. 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  once  for  non-support,  once  in  other  criminal  branch  for  drunkenness. 

Case,  age  39,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  has  had  five  arrests  in 
Domestic  Relations  Court,  three  in  other  criminal  branches  for  fighting  and  non- 
support,  has  served  a  term  in  the  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  34,  psychopathic,  epileptic,  chronic  alcoholic ;  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  four  times  for  non-support ;  arrested  once,  accused  of  murder,  found  not 
guilty;  we  committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  36,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholism,  pulmonary  tuberculosis ;  had 
four  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  and  three  in  other  criminal  branches,  all 
for  non-support  and  abuse;  served  a  term  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  praecox  paranoides,  chronic  alcoholism ;  one  arrest  in 
Domestic  Relations  Court  and  one  in  other  criminal  branch  for  abandonment,  forced 
marriage. 

Case,  age  31,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholism;  two  arrests  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court,  both  for  abuse  of  wife  and  family. 

—  113  — 


Case.  UKf  29,  (Icnu-ntia  pr;rcox,  chronic  alcoholism;  four  arrests  in  Domestic 
ktlations  Court,  his  first  arrest  there  for  bastardy,  forced  marriage,  other  arrests 
for  non-support  and  drunkenness;  he  has  served  three  terms  in  House  of  Correc- 
tion, two  for  six  months,  one  for  a  year. 

Case.  aRC  36,  dementia  pr.xcox  ;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support; 
had  two  previous  arrests  for  desertion,  one  of  these  was  in  Europe. 

Case,  age  34.  dementia  priccox.  chronic  alcoholism ;  two  arrests  in  Domestic 
Kclations  Court  for  drunkenness. 

Case,  age  23.  dementia  pnecox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  two  arrests  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  for  non-support  and  one  in  other  criminal  branch  for  beating  wife 
.md  drunkenness;  has  served  two  terms  in  House  of  Correction,  six  months  each, 
forced  marriage. 

Case,  age  57.  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism;  four  arrests  in  Domestic  Rela- 
tions Court  for  non-support  and  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  33,  dementia  pra:cox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  thirteen  times  for  non-support,  fighting  with  wife  and  family  and  drunken- 
ness; he  lias  had  several  House  of  Correction  sentences,  spent  18  months  of  past 
two  years  there ;  he  has  had  delirium  tremens  five  times,  we  committed  him  to 
Psychopathic  Hospital, 

Case,  age  25,  dementia  pra?cox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  one  arrest  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court,  one  in  other  criminal  branch,  both  for  not  working. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  pra^cox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  he  has  had  28  arrests  for 
robbery  and  larceny  and  disorderly  conduct,  has  served  three  terms  in  House  of 
Correction. 

Case,  age  45,  psychopathic,  epileptic,  chronic  alcoholism ;  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court  for  beating  his  wife. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic,  colored ;  charged  with  bastardy. 
F^.alancc  on   non-suppnrt   charges. 

Middle  Grade  Morons 

(Mental  Age  9.1-10.0) 
Mental  Diagnosis  and  Arrests. 

No.  of  Average   Chron-  Average  Basal     Average  Total  Average  Arrests 

Cases.  ological  Age.         Mental  Age.  Mental  Age.         in  D.  R.   Ct 

13  29.8  8.0  9.76  2.55 

Two  have  had  one  arrest  in  other  criminal  branches,  one  lias  been  in 
Juvenile  Court  once,  one  has  been  in  twice. 

Psychopathy. 

Seven  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr.xcox,  three  of  these  were  complicated 
by  chronic  alcoholism  and  one  by  pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Two  of  the  group  of  13  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution.  Im.iIi 
were  chronic  alcoholics  and  one  had  preparalytic   dementia. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  47,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholism ;  four  arrests  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court  for  non-support,  served  three  terms  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  32.  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism,  preparalytic  dementia-  five 
arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court,  four  terms  in  House  of  Correction',  nine 
months,  six  months,  five  months  and  four  months  respectively;  while  he  was 
confined  in  House  ot  Correction  his  wife  had  a  child  to  another  man ;  we  com- 
mitted case  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

—  114  — 


Case,  age  47,  dementia  prascox,  chronic  alcoholic;  three  arrests  in  Domestic 
Relations  Court,  one  in  another  criminal  branch ;  he  has  been  arrested  for  non- 
support,  drunkenness,  desertion  and  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  prsecox ;  two  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for 
non-support;  had  two  previous  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court;  when  age  13  was  com- 
mitted to  Parental  School,  spent  twelve  months  there  in  all. 

Case,  age  40,  dementia  pra^cox ;  two  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for 
non-support. 

Case,  age  22,  psychopathic;  one  arrest  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non- 
support,  one  arrest  in  Juvenile  Court,  from  where  he  was  committed  to  Parental 
School. 

Case,  age  28,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism ;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court 
for  non-support,  one  arrest  in  another  criminal  branch  for  fighting. 

Balance  of  cases  in   for  non-support,  etc. 


No.  Cases. 
I. 
II. 
III. 


Xo.  Cases. 
I. 
II. 


Low  Grade  Morons 

(Mental  Age  7.1-9.0) 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

Chronological  Age.         Basal  Mental  Age. 

28.0  5.0 

17.0  6.0 

32.0  7.0 

Imbeciles 

(Mental   .\ge  3.1-7.0) 

Mental  Diagnosis. 
Chronological  Age.         Basal  Mental  Age. 
17.0  *        3.0 

25.0  5.0 


Total  Mental  Age. 

9.0 
8.2 
8.0 


Total  Mental  Age. 
5.0 
6.6 


School  Records 


o  u    . 

■ 

'a 
a 

O 

1 

1 

i 

c 
o 

igen 
orde 

46% 

o 

High  Grade  Borderland 

£ 

o 

o 

5«S 

"Oci 

o 

CO 

Morons— 2.88%. 

S 

4) 

•-I'D  50 

^^ 

0) 

« 
■d 

? 

25 

^5 

d 

8 

O 

«  too 

High  a 
Soclopa 

1^ 

£  ■ 

•Oia 

<Sai 

hJ^ 

r 

> 

S^ 

iis 

No.  of  cases 

24 

13 

14 

I. 

II. 

III. 

37 

13 

Average     chronologi- 

cal age   

35.05 

33.62 

33.64 

24.0 

24.0 

52.0 

32.84 

29.8 

.\verage  basal  mental 

age    

9.33 

8.77 

8.36 

10.0 

9.0 

9.0 

8.44 

8.0 

Average  total  mental 

age  

12.21 

11.71 

11.36 

11.6 

11.6 

12.0 

10.93 

9.76 

Average   age    entered 

school    

6.75 

6.4 

6.64 

6.0 

5.0 

7.0 

6.83 

7.33 

Average  age  left 

school    

13.65 

15.75 

14.21 

14.0 

14.0 

14.0 

13.74 

13.11 

Average  grade 

7.9 

7.44 

6.21 

6.0 

7.0 

6.0 

5.35 

3.75 

—  115 


Psychopathic  Analysis  with  Complications  en  a  Group  of  637  Males 


Diagnosis. 


umber 
Cases. 

66 

129 

1 

1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 


ncmcnlia  prrcco.x   

Dementia  i)r.TCox  plus  alcoholism   

Dementia  pnicox  plus  alcolioH-m  pins  presenile  dementia... 
Dementia  pra-cox  plus  ciironic    alcoholism    plus    hereditary 

hies  plus  chronic  gonorrhea 

Dementia  precox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  moral  defect 
Dcnuiiiia  pr;ecox  plus  ciironic  alcoholism  plus  sex  pervert.  . 

Dementia  pnecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  lues 

Dementia  pr.eco.x  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  effeminate.. 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  epilepsy 

Dementia  i)racox  plus  chronic  alcoholism   plus   preparalytic 

dementia   2 

Dementia  pra;co.x  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  arterio- 
sclerosis         11 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  drug  addiction  1 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  moral  defect  6 

Dementia  pracox  plus  sex  pervert  1 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  lues   2 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  preparalytic  dementia 2 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  paresis    1 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus   locomotor  ataxia 1 

Dementia  pnxcox  plus  senile  dementia 2 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus  presenile  dementia  plus  arterio- 
sclerosis plus  tabes 1 

Dementia  prnecox  plus   pulmonary   tuberculosis 1 

Dementia  pra?cox  plus  hypochondria   2 

Psychopathic  constitution    28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism 186 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  pre- 
paralytic dementia  7 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  pre- 
senile dementia 1 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute 
exacerbation    6 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  drug 
addiction    1 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  lues.       5 
Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  tuber- 
culosis         3 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  ar- 
terio-sclerosis    14 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  hypo- 
mania,   manic-depressive   insanity 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  pre- 
paralytic dementia  congenital 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  de- 
lirium tremens   


Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  senile 
dementia  plus  manic-depressive  insanity 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  de- 
mentia paralytica  

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  loco- 
motor ataxia  


Percentage 

10.36 

20.25 

0.16 

0.16 
0.16 
0.16 
0.31 
0.16 
0.16 

0.31 

1.72 
0.16 
0.94 
0.16 
0.31 
0.31 
0.16 
0.16 
0.31 

0.16 
0.16 
0.31 

4.39 
29.20 

1.10 

0.16 

0.94 

0.16 
0.78 

0.47 

2.19 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 

0.16 


116  — 


Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  trau- 
matic neurosis   1  0.16 

Psychopathic  constitution   plus   chronic  alcoholism   plus   ar- 

terio-sclerosis  plus  lues 1  0.16 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus    chronic   alcoholism    plus    ar- 

terio-sclerosis  plus  cretinoid 1  0.16 

Psychopathic     constitution  plus     chronic     alcoholism     plus 

manic-depressive  insanity  2  0.31 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  epi- 
lepsy    7  1.10 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  preparalytic  dementia 8  1.25 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  presenile  dementia 2  0.31 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  simulator 1  0.16 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  epilepsy 6  0.94 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  tabo-paresis 1  0.16 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction 1  0.16 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  arterio-sclerosis    3  0.47 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  tuberculosis 2  0.31 

Feeble-minded    6  0.94 

Feeble-minded  plus  dementia  praecox 4  0.63 

Feeble-minded  plus  dementia  prsecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  3  0.47 

Feeble-minded  plus  psychopathic  plus  chronic  alcoholism....  1  0.16 

Feeble-minded  plus  chronic  alcoholism 7  1.10 

Idiots     2  0.31 

Hysteria     5  0.78 

Hysteria  plus  alcoholism 1  0.16 

Tuberculosis     5  0.78 

Tuberculosis  plus  alcoholism  3  0.47 

Chronic  endocarditis    1  0.16 

Juvenile   paresis    1  0.16 

Epilepsy     3  0.47 

Lues    10  1.57 

Lues  plus  gonorrhea 1  0.16 

Manic-depressive  insanity,  depressive  state 1  0.16 

Manic-depressive  insanity,  maniacal  state,    plus    arterioscle- 
rosis     1  0.16 

Physical  and  medical 53  8.32 

Total   637 


—  117 


Summary  on  27  Boys,   Who  Were  Complaining  Witnesses  or  Whose   Parents 
Were  in  the  Domestic  Relations  Court 


1. 

5 

3 

4.2 

2. 

5 

4 

5.4 

X 

7 

6 

7.6 

4. 

7 

7 

7.4 

7.0 

5. 

7 

8 

8.8 

6.0 

6. 

8 

7 

8.4 

7. 

9 

8 

9.2 

6.0 

8. 

9 

5 

7.0 

6.0 

9. 

9 

7 

7.2 

7.0 

10. 

9 

7 

9.8 

6.0 

11. 

9 

6 

8.6 

12. 

10 

8 

9.4 

13. 

10 

8 

9.4 

6.0 

14. 

10 

8 

11.6 

5.0 

15. 

10 

8 

11.2 

6.0 

16. 

12 

8 

11.0 

7.0 

17. 

12 

7 

9.0 

7.0 

18. 

12 

8-10 

11.0 

7.0 

19. 

13 

8 

9.6 

20. 

13 

9 

10.8 

6.0 

21. 

14 

7 

8.6 

22. 

14 

10 

12.2 

6.0 

2.1 

14 

8 

9.0 

7.0 

24. 


14 


9      10.4        5.0 


25.        17 


26. 

27. 


13 
6 


11.2        6.0 

3.8 
5.0 


y  special 
I  class 


Remarks. 


Tongue-tied,  feeble-minded. 

Mother  committed  by  us  to  Psychopathic 
Hospital. 


Father  dementia  prsecox,  chronic  alcoholic, 
deserted  wife  and  family;  case  is  chronic 
masturbator;  brother,  case  6,  is  a  prae- 
cox  and  epileptic. 

Has    speech    defect,    brother    to    case    13, 

father  in  C.  D.  R.  for  non-support. 
Father  in  C.  D.  R. 


Brother  of  case 


Father  i.s  high  grade  moron,  prsecox, 
chronic  alcoholic;  has  4  children  all 
defective;  case  was  age  4  before  he 
could    walk. 

Dementia  prsecox,  qualitative  signs  of 
feeble-mindedness. 


Psychopathic,  father  in  C.  D.  R. 

Sociopath,  brother  to  case  4. 

Sociopath. 

Low  grade  sociopath. 

Dementia  prsecox. 

Dementia  prsecox;  we  committed  his 
father  from  C.  D.  R.  to  Dunning  State 
Insane  Asylum. 

Dementia  prsecox. 

Dementia   prsecox. 


Psychopathic,    sociopath. 

jrongoloid,  I'o  yrs.  in  subnormal  room; 
father  in  C.  D.  R.  for  non-support. 

Cretinoid,  he  has  had  3  arrests,  1  for 
robberj-,  2  for  not  working,  has  been 
in  Parental  School  4  months;  2  other 
brothers  have  been  under  ari'est;  father 
and  mother  test  10.4  and  10.2  respective- 
ly: two  brothers  now  held  to  Criminal 
Court  for  tampering  with  mail  boxes. 

Brother  of  case  24,  had  2  arrests  in  B.  C, 
1  for  theft  of  $130,  has  2  in  Juv.  Ct. 


Psychopathic. 


—  118 


No.  of 
Cases. 

Average 
Chronological  Age 

9 

30.11 

FEMALES 
Average  Intelligence 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Aveiage  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age      Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

7  28.0  10.0  12.52 

Psychopathy. 

One  case  was  diagnosed  as  dementia  pracox. 

Four  were  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution ;  one  complicated  by  pre- 
paralytic dementia. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  psychopathic ;  complainant  in  bastardy  case ;  pregnant  five  months. 
The  balance  were  complaining  witnesses  against   their  husbands. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

Average  Average 

Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

9.66  12.06 

Psychopathy. 

Four  cases  in  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pra'cux:  one  of  these 
complicated  by  alcoholism  and  lues;  she  has  an  illegitimate  child. 

Two  of  group  of  nine  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution ;    one 

complicated   by  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  57;  had  illegitimate  child  who  is  now  age  15;  both  mother  and 
daughter  had  peculiar  inherited  defect  of  hand. 

High  and  Middle  Grade  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age       Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

7  28.2  9.0  11.79 

Psychopathy. 

Three  cases  in  the  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr.-L-cox;  one  <>(  which 
was  complicated  with   alcoholism. 

Three    of   group    of    seven    cases    were    diagnosed    psychopathic    constitution. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  37,  dementia  pra^cox  paranoides ;  came  to  find  her  father  lost  twenty- 
eight  years  ago;  constantly  annoying  the  court;  harbored  all  kinds  of  delusions  in 
regard  to  him. 

Case,  age  40,  dementia  pra?cox  plus  alcoholism  ;  she  had  been  in  an  industrial 
reform  school  for  two  years;  her  husband  was  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  charged 
with  incest  with  their  daughter,  age  thirteen. 

—  no  — 


Low  Grade  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis. 
No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

CuHcs.  Chronological  Age      Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

12  29.25  9.0  11.73 

Psychopathy. 
Four  of   these   cases   were   diagnosed   dementia   prsccox;   two   of   which   were 
complicated  by  alcoliolism;  one  of  the  alcoholics  had  chronic  gonorrhea. 

Six  iif  (he  gronp  of  twelve  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution; 
two  of  which  were  complicated  by  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 
Case,  age  28,  dementia   praecox,   chronic  alcoholic,    chronic   gonorrhea;    was   a 
forced  marriage;  had  her  husband  arrested  for  non-support. 

Case,  age  30,  highly  psychopathic;  has  been  arrested  for  adultery;  she  has  one 
illegitimate  child  age  two  and  one-half  years;  she  was  illegitimately  pregnant  in  addi- 
tion to  this  but  had  an  abortion. 

Case,  age  37,  psychopathic  plus  alcoholism ;  has  been  married  three  times. 
Case,  age  23,  psychopathic,   chronic  alcoholic;   husband   had   her   brought   into 
court ;  she  threatened  suicide. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  prsecox  paranoides;  had  previously  been  in  insane  asy- 
lum and  committed  by  us;  hers  was  a  forced  marriage. 

Case,  age  22,  low  grade  sociopath ;  deserted  her  two-weeks-old  illegitimate 
child  by  leaving  it  on  a  door  step. 

Case,  age  24,  psychopathic;  has  had  two  illegitimate  children;  complainant  in 
her  third  bastardy  case. 

Case,  age  21,  low  grade  sociopath ;  six  months  pregnant,  complainant  in  bas- 
tardy case. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Morons 
Mental  Diagnosis. 

Average  Average 

Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

8.6  11.6 

Psychopathy, 
In   this  group  there  were  four  diagnosed  psychopathic;    one   complicated 
with  alcoholism   and   dementia   paralytica;    one   complicated    with    alcoholism; 
one  complicated  by  dementia  paralytica. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 
Case,  age  52,  psychopathic,   chronic   alcoholism,    dementia   paralytica;    lived    as 
man  and  wife  for  six  years  before  forced  marriage  in  court. 

Case,  age  41,  psychopathic,  dementia  paralytica;  husband  brought  her  into  court 
lor  running  away  from  home  so  often. 

Case,  age  45,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism ;  husband  had  her  brought  into 
court  in  order  to  get  the  children  away  from  her. 

Other   cases   were   wives   of   husbands   arrested   for   non-support. 

High  Grade  Morons 

(10.1-12.0) 
Menial  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age      Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

56  28.8  8.75  11.4 

We  have  Domestic   Relations  Court  arrest  records   on   twenty-one   cases, 

admitting  thirty-nine  arrests,  or  an  average  of  1.86  arrests  to  a  case.     One  had 

one  previous  arrest,  and  three  admitted  Juvenile  Court  arrests ;  one  arrested  once, 

one  twice,  one  four  times  in  Juvenile  Court. 

—  120  — 


No.  of 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age 

5 

38.4 

Psychopathy. 

Sixteen  of  the  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pnecox;  three  of  which 
were  complicated  with  alcoholism;  one  of  the  latter  had  advanced  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Eleven  of  this  group  of  fifty-six  cases  were  diagnosed  [jsj-chopathic  con- 
stitution ;  three  of  which  were  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism ;  one  had 
juvenile  paresis;  one  had  hysteria;  one  had  epilepsy;  one  was  deaf.  < 

Two  were   cases  of  hj-steria,   one   complicated    by  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  total  mental  age  10.8;  arrested  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for 
contributing  to  the  delinquency  of  a  17-ycar-old  girl.    Forced  marriage,  age  16. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  prsecox;  one  arrest  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for 
adultery;  sent  to  House  of  Correction  for  six  months;  had  four  arrests  in  Juvenile 
Court,  all  for  running  away  from  home. 

Case,  age  31,  dementia  praecox ;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  twice;  deserted 
her  husband  to  live  with  another  man ;  has  child  age  one  and  a  half  years  to  the 
latter;  ran  away  from  home  age  14;  lived  with  her  husband  for  fourteen  years  and 
bore  him  seven  children;  after  coming  into  court  it  was  found  out  that  she  was  not 
legally  married  to  first  man. 

Case,  age  39,  dementia  pnxcox  with  chronic  alcoholism;  two  arrests  in  Do- 
mestic Relations  Court,  once  for  drunkenness  and  second  time  for  disorderly 
conduct,  when  landlord  tried  to  have  her  evicted  because  her  house  was  so  dis- 
orderly; she  lived  with  present  husband  for  one  and  a  half  years  before  forced 
marriage. 

Case,  age  40,  dementia  pra^cox  paranoides;  had  her  husband  arrested  for  non- 
support;  lived  together  as  man  and  wife  six  years  before  marriage;  forced 
marriage. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  prrecox;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  contributing 
to  delinquency  of  her  own  child ;  her  husband  is  serving  a  term  in  Joliet  for  hold-up. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  prajcox,  colored :  was  living  with  man  a  year ;  also  com- 
plaining witness  against  him  on  bastardy  charge;  she  threatened  to  kill  him  the 
night  before  she  was  arrested,  and  attacked  him  with  a  knife;  she  was  previously 
arrested  in  raid  on  house  of  prostitution. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  precox;  had  husband  arrested  for  non-support.  She 
had  two  Juvenile  Court  arrests;  had  a  child  to  her  father  when  she  was  a  juvenile; 
father  is  still  serving  term  in  Joliet  prison  on  account  of  it. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic;  husband  arrested  for  non-support;  forced  marriage. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic,  juvenile  paresis;  applied  for  warrant  for  her  hus- 
band ;  was  illegitimately  pregnant  before  marriage  and  aborted ;  she  was  in  Juvenile 
Court  as  a  dependent;  spent  two  years  in  Chicago  Industrial  School;  one  of  the 
cases  referred  to  the  laboratory  by  Mrs.  McGuire,  in  charge  of  Department  of 
Social  Welfare,  Domestic  Relations  Court. 

Case,  age  22,  extremely  psychopathic;  had  trouble  with  her  husband;  attempted 
suicide. 

Case,  age  32,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism  ;  her  husband  had  her  in  Domes- 
tic Relations  Court  twice,  once  for  drunkenness  in  a  dance  hall,  the  other  time  for 
fighting  with  landlady. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  prsecox ;  husband  had  her  arrested. 

Case,  age  23,  total  mental  age  10.4 ;  accused  two  men  of  being  the  father  of  her 
child.  She  finally  decided  on  one  because  he  had  a  pimple  on  his  nose  and  the  baby 
developed  one  there,  too ;  we  committed  her  to  Lincoln. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic;  had  husband  arrested  for  non-support;  forced 
marriage. 

Case,  age  28,  epileptic ;  had  her  husband  arrested  for  beating  her. 

Case.age  18,  psychopathic;  complainant  bastardy  case. 

The  balance  are  made  up  of  complaining  witnesses  in  non-support  cases 
and   defendants    for  disorderly   ccMiduct   and    di'inkin.u. 

—  121  — 


Middle  Grade  Morons 
(9.1-10.0) 

Menial  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

26 

27.85 

7.58 

9.54 

Psychopathy. 

Six  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox,  two  of  these  being  complicated  by 
vlironic  alcoholism. 

I'oiir  i)f  tlic  group  of  twenty-six  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitu- 
tion; one  of  these  was  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism  and  preparalytic 
(K'mentia:   one  was  complicated  by   presenile   dementia. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  priecox,  chronic  alcoholic;  arrested  twice  in  Domestic 
Relations  Coi:rt,  once  for  desertion;  forced  marriage. 

Case,  age  33,  dementia  prsecox ;  arrested  once,  contributing  to  delinquency  of 
children;  has  been  living  in  adultery  with  her  brother-in-law  off  and  on  for  seven 
years. 

Case,  age  39,  dementia  prsecox,  chronic  alcoholic;  husband  abusive;  forced 
marriage. 

Case,  age  18,  total  mental  age  9.2;  forced  marriage  age  14;  had  illegitimate 
twins. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praecox ;  in  Domestic  Relations  Court  twice,  once  con- 
tributing to  the  delinquency  of  a  young  girl,  second  time  suspicion  of  contributing 
to  delinquency  of  a  child. 

Case,  age  20,  total  mental  age  9.8;  had  previously  been  in  Lincoln  and  Dun- 
ning ;  re-committed  by  us  to  Lincoln. 

The  balance  were  cases  of  complaint^  against  husbands,  etc. 

Low  Grade  Morons 


(7.1-9.0) 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of 
Cases. 

Average                         Average 
Chronological  Age       Basal  Mental  Age. 

Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

19 

28.26                           6.68 

Psychopathy. 

8.24 

One  case  was  diagnosed  dementia  pra;cox  with  chronic  alcoholism. 
Two   of  the   group   of  eleven   cases   were   diagnosed   psj-chopathic    consti- 
tution. 

Tabulation  of  Causes. 

Case,  age  24,  total  mental  age  7.2;  had  husband  arrested  for  non-support;  she 
has  no  idea  how  long  she  has  been  married.  Time  and  space  concepts  are  very 
difficult  for  the  feeble-minded. 

Case,  age  24,  total  mental  age  9.0;  had  husband  arrested  for  non-support. 

Case,  age  22,  total  mental  age  7.8;  complainant  in  bastardy  charge. 

Case,  age  47,  colored,  dementia  prsecox,  chronic  alcoholism,  total  mental  age 
7.2;  married;  was  arrested  as  inmate  of  a  disorderly  house. 

Case,  age  28,  total  mental  age  8.6;  complainant  in  bastardy  charge. 

Case,  age  26,  total  mental  age  9.0 ;  complainant  in  bastardy  charge ;  she  had 
been  int'.mate  with  defendant  for  nine  years;  she  became  pregnant;  he  married 
another  girl,  and  she  made  the  charge. 

nnr-iii,-,-  ,,1   ,-:t-.  .;  comp-kiiiiants  again>t  ihcir  husbands,  etc. 

—  122  — 


Psychopathic   Analysis  with   CompHcation   in   a   Group   of  359   Females 

Number 

Diagnosis.                                                  of  Cases.            Percentage. 

Dementia  praecox   83  23.11 

Dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism   19  5.29 

Dementia  prsecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  lues 1  0.28 

Dementia  pra^cox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  gonorrhoea. .  1  0.28 
Dementia  prxcox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  tuberculosis..  1  0.28 
Dementia  prrccox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  presenile  de- 
mentia   1  0.28 

Dementia  praecox  plus   arteriosclerosis    1  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution    58  16.15 

Psychopathic  constitution  pkis  chronic  alcoholism 31  8.63 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  pre- 
paralytic  dementia    2  0.56 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  hys- 
teria   1  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic    alcoholism    plus    de- 
mentia paralytica 1  0.28 

Psj-chopathic  constitution  plus   dementia  paralytica 3  0.83 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus   preparalytic   dementia 4  1.11 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  presenile  dementia    1  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus   senile  dementia 1  0.28 

Psycliopathic  constitution  plus    arteriosclerosis    2  0.56 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  juvenile  paresis 1  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  hysteria 1  0.28 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  epilepsy  3  0.83 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  deaf  1  0.28 

Chronic   alcoholism    40  11.14 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  epilepsy 1  0.28 

Chronic*  alcoholism  plus  tuberculosis   1  0.28 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  arteriosclerosis   1  0.28 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus   multiple   sclerosis 1  0.28 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  hemiplegia    1  0.28 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  manic-depressive  insanity 1  0.28 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  lues 1  0.28 

Chronic  alcoholism  plus  gummata  of  face  and  arms 1  0.28 

Paralysis  agitans  1  0.28 

Manic-depressive   (hypomania)    1  0.28 

Manic-depressive  insanity 2  0.56 

Hysteria     16  4.46 

Hysteria  plus  chronic  alcoholism    1  0.28 

Hysteria  plus  epilepsy  1  0.28 

Epilepsy    4  1.11 

Lues   9  2.51 

Congenital  lues   1  0.28 

Venereal  disease   2  0.56 

Sexual  frigidity   1  0.28 

Diphtheritic  paralysis    1  0.28 

Progressive  bulbar  palsy 1  0.28 

Drugs    2  0.56 

Tuberculosis    4  l.ll 

Medical  and  physical  examinations 42  11.70 

Normal   5  1.39 

Total   359 


123  — 


School  Records,  Females 


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No.  of  cases 

16 

7 

12 

5 

56 

12 

Average  chronological 

aee 

28.31 

28.2 

29.25 

38.4 

28.8 

30.78 

Average  basal  mental 

age  

9.75 

9.0 

9.0 

8.6 

8.75 

7.57 

Average   total   mental 

age 

12.21 

11.79 

11.73 

11.6 

11.4 

9.5 

Average    age    entered 

school   

6.5 

6.57 

7.36 

6.4 

7.08 

7.0 

Average  age  left  school. 

IS.O 

13.86 

13.72 

13.0 

14.0 

13.5 

Average  grade  

8.6 

6.57 

6.36 

5.8 

5.8 

3.66 

Low  Grade  Morons 
In  a  group  of  eleven  cases  tabulated,  the  following  data  were   recorded: 

Case,  age  24,  total  mental  age  7.2;  began  school  age  6,  left  age  15;  was  in  first 
grade  throughout. 

Case,  age  24,  total  mental  age  9.0;  began  school  age  5,  left  age  14;  reached 
third  grade. 

Case,  age  41,  psychopathic,  total  mental  age  9;  attended  school  only  age  7  to  8; 
was  in  first  grade ;  is  completely  illiterate. 

Case,  age  26,  total  mental  age  9;  began  school  age   10,  left  age  13;   reached 
fourth  grade. 

Three  cases  grades  not  known. 
Four  cases  never  attended  school. 


—  124 


Summary  on  Thirty  Girls  Either  Complaining   Witnesses   or   Whose   Parents 
Were   in  the  Domestic   Relations   Court 


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1. 

4 
4 

4 
4 

4.8 
5.0 

•• 

2. 

Sister  of  case  4,  boys. 

3. 

4 

4 

5.6 

Mother  in  D.  R.  Ct.,  chronic  alcoholic; 
sent  by  court  for  drink  cure. 

4. 

5 
5 

4 
5 

6.2 
6.6 

5.0 

1 

5. 

Mother  and  father  both   under  arrest 

in  D.  R.  Court. 

6. 

6 
6 

6 

5 

6.8 
6.2 

7. 

Psychopathic;   sociopath. 

8. 

7 
7 

7 
4 

7.6 
5.0 

9. 

Feeble-minded. 

10. 

8 

7 

8.4 

7.0 

1 

Psychopathic;  father  in  D.  R.  Court. 

11. 

8 

5 

7.0 

. , 

,    , 

Sister  to  case  24,  boys. 

12. 

8 
9 
9 

8 
9 
8 

8.6 
10.0 
10.0 

5.0 
6.0 
6.0 

3 
4 
3 

13. 

14. 

Dementia  praecox;  father  under  arrest 

in  D.  R.  Court. 

15. 

10 
10 

8 
8 

10.6 
9.4 

7.0 

3 

16. 

Dementia  prsecox;  father  under  arrest 

in  D.   R.   Court. 

17. 

11 

8 

10.6 

6.0 

4 

Cretin. 

18. 

11 

7- 

8.4 

6.0 

2 

Dementia  prtecox. 

19. 

13 

11 

12.4 

6.0 

8 

Dementia  prsecox;  high  grade  border- 
land sociopath. 

20. 

15 
15 
15 

9 
6 

8 

9.8 

8.0 

10.2 

7.0 

14.0 

5 

21. 

22. 

Dementia  prsecox. 

23. 

15 

9 

11.4 

6.0 

15.0 

6 

Illegitimate  child;  mother  married  an- 
other man  and  had  him  arrested  for 
non-support. 

24. 

15 
IS 
15 
16 
16 

7 
8 
8 
8 
8 

9.6 

11.2 

9.8 

9.4 

11.2 

7.0 
7.0 
6.0 
6.0 

15.0 
15.0 
14.0 
14.0 

7 
6 

3 

7 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

Psychopathic;  had  Illegitimate  child. 

29. 

17 

8 

11.0 

8.0 

13.0 

5 

Is  married;  had  two  arrests;  inmate  of 
disorderly  houses. 

30. 

11 

4 

4.6 

Dementia  praecox;  low  grade  imbecile. 

125 


BASTARDY  CASES 

'I'lic  ca.si'h  cited  Iktc  approximate  vcrj'  closely  the  general  run  of  material 
found  in  this  brancli.  These  types,  male  and  female,  find  each  other  and  as  a 
result  the  offspring  is  no  higher  than  its  source.  Most  of  the  children  of 
these  cases  find  their  way  into  foundling  asylums  and  it  behooves  one,  before 
adopting  such  children,  if  one  would  anticipate  later  heartaches,  as  our  ex- 
perience teaches  us  how  often  they  turn  out  badly,  to  have  their  mentalitiy 
lirst  ccrtilied  to.  We  append  below  the  history  of  one  such  case  as  an 
example.  The  physician  attache  is  useful  here  in  assisting  the  court  in  such 
questions  as  probable  time  of  conception,  apparent  age  of  child,  venereal  disease, 
etc. 

We  have  met  a  woman  who  makes  it  a  business  to  adopt  children,  send- 
ing them  out  to  work  as  soon  as  they  are  able,  profiting  on  the  transaction 
in  this  way.     One  of  her  adopted  children  was  under  arrest. 

Complainants  in  these  cases  very  often  appear  again  in  court,  in  the  Domestic 
Relations  Branch,  when  marriages  have  settled  the  complaints,  or  in  the  Morals 
Court.  There  are  not  many  girls  of  the  more  fortunately  endowed  that  have  to 
make  such  appeals  for  assistance.  They  are  usually  able  to  extricate  themselves  one 
way  or  another. 

Any  legislation  intended  for  the  relief  of  tliis  situation  should  not  be  any 
exception  to  other  social  legislation,  should  not  be  ex  parte,  but  should  be  based 
on  a  thorough  study  of  the  material  involved  with  the  aim  of  enacting  some 
legislation  that  fits. 

We  would  suggest  the  Greek  word  voOos  =  bastard  for  the  English  equivalent. 

The   following   statistics   cover   the    findings    on     117    consecutive    cases    of 
girls  and  the  cases  of  7  males  involved  with  them,  a  total  of  124  cases. 
Females — Average  Intelligence 


No.  cases. 

Averace  chron- 
oloKlcnl  age. 

AveraKO  basal        AvoraKe  total 
mental  age.           nn'iital  age. 

Averaee  age 
began  school. 

Average  age 
left  school. 

Average  grade. 

11 

20.0 

11.81              12.63 

6.66 

14.81 

8.91 

1 

15.0 

6.00 

15.00 

3.00  in 
Russia 

1 

23.0 

Fair  average 
intelligence. 

7.00 

15.00 

7.00  in 

Norway 

13 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  16,  pregnant   eight  months  time  of  test. 

Case,  age  16,  pregnant  three  months  time  of  test. 

Case,  age  21,  pregnant  eight  months  time  of  test. 

Case,  age  19,  pregnant  six  months  time  of  test,  forced  marriage. 

Case,  age  19,  began  school  age  10,  graduated  fourth  vear  high  school 
age  18. 

Case,  age  20,  pregnant  eight  months  time  of  test. 

Case,  age  29,  psychopathic;  she  was  pregnant  by  one  man,  married  another 
who  knew  of  pregnancy;  she  left  him  two  days  after  marriage,  he  had  active 
lues. 

Case,  age  22,  psychopathic,  five  months  pregnant  by  man  she  has  been 
intimate  with  since  she  was  age   17. 

Case,  age  15,  in  United  States  2  years. 

Case,  age  23,  fair  average  intelligence  plus  dementia  pr.xcox;  father  died 
before  she  was  born,  case  married  age  20,  later  divorced,  lived  with  husband 
two  years:  he  was  arrested  for  stealing,  sent  to  prison,  then  to  insane  asylum; 


—  126 


tlicy  had  one  child  and  one  miscarriage.  She  became  intimate  with  case, 
F.  Ha.,  directly  after  meeting  him  became  pregnant  and  had  F.  Ha.  arrested; 
he  agreed  to  marry  her  after  remaining  in  jail  three  months.  While  waiting 
for  him  to  do  some  shopping,  she  solicited  and  took  four  men  to  a  hotel  in  a 
couple  of  hours,  was  arrested  and  brought  into  Morals  Court.  She  finally 
married  F.  Ha. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 


so.  cases. 

Average  chron- 
ological age. 

Average  basal 
mental  age. 

Average  total 
mental  age. 

Average  age 
began  school. 

Avorago  age 
left  school. 

Average  grade. 

3 

20.66 

9.66 

12.06 

7.33 

15.0 

7.66 

1 

20.00 

. . . 

7.00 

13.0 

8.00  in 

— 

Sweden 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  27,  dementia  pra;cox;  three  months  pregnant,  has  gonorrhcea. 
father  is  insane ;  her  mother  separated  from  her  father  si.x  years  ago. 
Case,  age   16,  two   months  pregnant. 


Her 


Middle   Grade   Sociopaths 


Clironological 
age. 


23 


Basal  mental 
age. 


Total  mental 
age. 


11.8 


.Vge  began 
school. 


Ago  loft 
school. 


12 


Grade. 

6 


Tabulation. 

Case,    age    23,    dementia    pnecox;    she    has    a    .speech    tici'ccl    ^anle    as    her 
father:   forced   marriage,   husband   later   deserted   her. 


Low  Grade  Sociopaths 


Average  chron- 
ological age. 


21.33 


Average  basal 
mental  ago. 


9.0 


Average  total 
mental  age. 

11.53 


Average  age 
l)ogan  school. 

6.40* 


.\verage  ace 
left  school. 

14.80 


.\verage  grade. 


730 


Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  foreigner,  never  attended  school:  left  lier  two-weeks-old 
Ijaby  on  doorstep. 

Case,  age  24,  psychopathic;  she  has  had  two  illegitimate  children,  aged, 
respectively,  6  years,  and  4  months.  She  was  age  18  when  she  had  her  first 
illegitimate  child.  She  has  been  intimate  with  the  father  of  her  second  child 
for  three  years.  When  he  found  out  she  was  pregnant  he  admitted  he  was 
divorced  and  had  four  children.  The  father  of  case  was  a  chronic  alcoholic 
who  died  in  the  County  Hospital.  A  maternal  uncle  of  case  was  alcoholic 
and  died  on  the  street;  his  wife  had  had  to  leave  him  twelve  j-ears  previously. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  pra-cox  hebephrenia;  pregnant  two  and  one-half 
months.  Her  sister  has  been  in  the  Morals  Court.  The  latter  is  a  high  grade 
sociopath   plus  dementia  pra;cox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  pricco.x  hebephrenia.  Siie  was  an  illegitimate 
child,  raised  in  an  orphan  asylum  to  the  age  of  12.  She  nrw  has  an  illegitimate 
child  seven  months  old.  The  rightful  father  of  the  child  is  a  ne'er-do-well, 
the  girl  having  a  liaison  with  him,  although  she  had  been  married  to  another, 
a  decent,  respectable  man  and  a  good   provider,  with  whoni   ^he  was  living. 

*School  records  on  oiih-  five  ease.s. 


—  12: 


HIrIi  Grade  Borderland  Morons  and  High  Grade  Morons 


P       li      li        .        ii      i         .       1 

49  20.53  8.69        11.18  41  7.09        13.95  44  6.00 

2  29.00  High  grade  moron  plus   dementia   prcxco.x. 

19.00  High  grade  moron. 


51 


Tabulation  of  Cases. 


Case,  age  23,  dementia  prrecox  phis  hystcriform  accesses.  Attempted  suicide 
two  weeks  previous  to  examination;  previously  inmate  Geneva  Reform  School. 

Ca.se,  age  21;  baby  one  month   old. 

Case,  age  25;  baby  eight  days  old. 

Case,  age  18,  psychopathic;  the  father  of  the  case  is  a  chronic  alcoholic; 
she  has  a  brother  who  has  not  worked  in  five  years. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  prnscox,  colored;  has  been  living  with  man  age 
26  for  a  year;  he  is  father  of  her  child.  Was  previously  pregnant  to  him  but 
had  an  abortion.  He  abuses  her,  striking  her  in  the  face.  She  cut  him  on 
face  and  hands  with  a  knife,  for  which  he  had  her  arrested.  She  was  previously 
in  Morals  Court,  arrested  in  raid  on  disorderly  house.  Her  mother  had  been 
married  twice. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  priecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism.  Had  been  ar- 
rested  three   times    in   Alorals    Court    for   soliciting.      She   learned    to    walk   late. 

Case,  age  16,  dementia  prcccox;  was  constantly  hunting  up  men,  running 
away  from  home  several  days  at  a  time,  out  late  at  night.  Has  cretinoid 
brother.  Imbecile  and  praecox.  She  was  committed  for  a  year  as  incorrigible. 
Maternal  uncle  killed  in  a  fight;  he  had  previously  been  arrested  for  fighting. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia.  Father  of  child,  27,  joined 
troops;  case  and  child,  age  2  weeks,  were  placed  in  foundlings'  home,  girl 
deserted  baby  next  day.     She  reached  fifth  grade  in  school. 

Case,  age  29,  dementia  prn?cox  hebephrenia  plus  chronic  alcoholism,  forced 
marriage.  At  age  12  she  had  to  be  put  in  Industrial  Home  by  the  Juvenile 
Court ;  escaped,  was  put  in  another  home  until  age  18. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  prrecox;  child,  age  7  months  at  time  of  examina- 
tion, when  she  made  complaint. 

Case,  age  24,  pregnant  tAvo  and  cne-half  months,  she  has  a  large  goiter. 
likewise  her  two  sisters  and  her  aunt. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic:   reached   third   grade   in   school. 

Case,  age  19;  two-weeks-old  baby. 

•  Case,  age  25,  dementia  pra;cox  hebephrenia,  pregnant  three  months,  has 
lues.  Attended  school  age  6  to  11,  reached  third  grade.  Father  of  her  child 
a  soldier.  Her  father  was  married  three  times,  divorced  once.  Her  mother 
died  age  48  with  a  second  stroke  of  apoplexy.  This  whole  side  of  tlie  family 
very  psychopathic.    A  year  and  a  half  ago  case  suffered  a  nervous  breakdown. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia   prjecox;  her  sister  suicided  at  age  22. 

Case,  age  22,  has  nine-wceks-old  babj-.     Reached  sixth  grade  in  school. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  praecox  katatonia  and  active  lues,  child  infected. 
This  is  her  second  illcgitim.ate  child.     Committed  by  us. 

Case,  age  17.  pregnant  six  and  a  half  months.  Reached  sixth  grade  in 
school. 

Case,  age  20.  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia ;  pregnant  four  months ;  school 
age  7  to  14,  reached  fifth  grade.  Charged  young  man  with  rape,  examination 
disclosed  the  fact  thnt   she   was  four    months    pregnant,    now    wants    a    warrant 

—  128  — 


also  for  the  father  of  the  child  whom  she  had  been  intimate  with  some  time 
but  doesn't  know  his  last  name  nor  address. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  praicox  hebephrenia;  foreigner,  in  United  States 
4^  years.  Father  of  baby  came  to  see  her  once  and  gave  her  a  dollar  for  the 
bab}'.  Father  of  child  has  been  arrested  for  larceny,  served  two  months; 
changes  his  name  frequently. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia    praccox   hebephrenia,    foreigner,    in    United    States 

3  years. 

Case,  age  29,  dementia  pra;cox;  married  age  13;  had  one  child  died  age 
two  months  of  convulsions.  Only  lived  with  her  husband  in  Europe  two 
months  when  she  left  him  and  came  to  United  States.  Living  with  man  here 
to  whom  she  had  had  four  illegitimate  children,  a  girl  age  5  years,  a  boy  age 

4  years  and  twin  girls  6  weeks  old.     The  father  of  these  children  deserted  her 

5  weeks  ago. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  priecox  hebephrenia.  She  attended  school  age 
8  to  14,  reached  fifth  grade.  Her  child  is  three  months  old.  She  has  a  sister 
age  23,  who  tested  exactly  the  same  as  she  did. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  prsecox  hebephrenia.  Attended  school  age  7  to 
11,  reached  fourth  grade.  She  has  had  three  illegitimate  children,  and  is  now 
five  months  pregnant  with  the  fourth.  Her  oldest  child  is  age  5,  and  the 
youngest  age  one.  She  is  now  pregnant  to  a  married  man,  he  used  to  take 
whatever  money  she  would  earn,  he  eventually  deserted  his  wife  and  children, 
and  went  to  live  with  our  case.  His  sister  also  lived  with  them.  The  girl's 
father,  and  one  of  her  brothers  were  both  alcoholic,  both  killed  in  diflferent 
saloon  fights.  The  girl's  mother  was  also  a  chronic  alcoholic,  and  had  served 
time  in  the  House  of  Correction,  she  drifts  from  place  to  place.  Case  has 
another  brother  who  is  a  rover.  Case  has  a  sister  whose  husband  is  now  in 
the  House  of  Correction  for  beating  and  abusing  her,  he  is  a  chronic  alcoholic. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  prgecox  hebephrenia.  Attended  school  age  7  to  14, 
reached  sixth  grade.  Her  baby,  a  girl,  is  age  7  months.  Father  of  the  child 
is  an  alcoholic,  and  a  worthless  type. 

Case,  age  34,  dementia  praecox  simplex.  Attended  school  age  7  to  14, 
reached  fifth  grade.  She  married  at  age  19.  husband  beat  and  abused  her. 
They  separated,  and  he  died  four  years  later  in  an  insane  asylum.  Since  then 
she  has  had  two  illegitimate  children  by  different  fathers,  both  worthless  types. 
Her  oldest  child   is  two  years,  and   her  youngest  eight  weeks. 

Middle  Grade  Morons 


gc  «  go  g^  "  g 

..  ^  ^  |e  I  |S  |s  I  I 

22  20.59  im  9.69  18  7.72        13.50  15  4.40 


2i 


Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  21;  has  had  two  illegitimate  children  besides  one  abortion  and 
again  pregnant  four  months.     Left  school   age   16,   third   grade. 

Case,  age  20;  child  four  months  old.  Father  of  child  has  been  arrested 
five  times  for  fighting.  He  would  beat  case;  she  left  school  ago  14,  in  tiiiril 
grade.' 

Case,  age  27;  has  two  illegitimate  children,  one  age  3  years  and  one  age 
3  months. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  priccox;  left  school  age  16,  fifth  grade.  When  age 
15  she  was  plaintiff  against  boy  in  criminal  court.  When  age  19  was  pregnant 
but  aborted,  now  pregnant   six  months. 

—  129  — 


Case,  am-  10,  prcKn.int  cIkIu  iM<>iitli>.  I-'atlier  of  ca.sc  cliionic  alcuholii; 
and  tuberciilar. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  pra-cox  hebephrenia;  she  has  two  illegitimate 
children.'  The  first  child  is  age  4  and  feeble-minded.  The  father  of  present 
child  is  a  boarder  at  her  parents'  home  and  is  age  52.  The  girl's  father  is  a 
chronic  alcoholic. 

Case,  age  21,  five  months  pregnant. 

Case,  age  22,  three  months  pregnant. 

Case,  age  15.  cretinoid. 

Case,  age  22,  has  two  illegitimate  children. 

Case,  age  26.  Began  school  age  7,  stopped  age  8,  in  first  grade;  mental 
age  9.6  years. 


Low  Grade  Morons 


a—  o—  £  »■§  ■  S  P—  S  £ 

2=  £c  g  £e  ^  22  ^  e 

§i=  §1  s  eg  o  SI  c  g 

.§=  •<=  X  <"'  X  <:  55  -< 

7.07  8.29  11  7.18  10  13.60  7  3.71 

Low  grade  moron,  in  U.   S.  4  years. 
Low  grade  moron,  in  U.  S  .5  years. 
Low  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prsecox  hebephrenia. 
Low  grade  moron,  never  attended  school. 
Low  grade  moron. 


1 

c 
V. 

II 

5° 

13 

21.69 

5 

15.00 

25.00 

32.00 

26.00 

38.00 

18 


Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  26;  now    illegitimately   pregnant    third    time. 

Case,  age  38,  widow;  has  seven  children,  eldest  age  20.  youngest  age  6. 
Xow  illegitimately  pregnant. 

Case,  age  26,  has  child  three  weeks  old.  She  has  been  intimate  with 
lather  of  her  child  9  years.  He  is  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  has  married  another 
girl. 

Case,  age  22,  has  had  two  illegitimate  cliildren;  her  father  is  a  chronic 
alcoholic. 

Case,  age  21.  dementia  praecox;  left  school  age  13,  third  grade.  Her 
mother  was  chronic  alcoholic  and  is  in  insane  asylum.  The  father  of  child  is 
;i  chronic  alcoholic;  the  child  is  five  months  old. 

Case,  age  27.  active  lues.  Attended  school  two  weeks;  mental  age  7.8 
years. 

Case,  age  22.  active  lues;  stepped  school  age  14,  second  grade;  mental 
age  7.4  years.  She  had  three  illegitimate  children  by  different  boys,  one  child 
age  5,  one  died  age  3,  and  present  child  age  3  weeks.  She  accused  several  men 
of  being  the  father  of  her  last  child. 

Case,  age  32,  dementia  prseco.x  hebephrenia ;  she  was  married  once,  husband 
dead  eight  years.  She  has  one  child  by  him  which  had  convulsions ;  she  now  has 
illegitimate  child  one  year  old. 

—  130  — 


High  Grade  Imbecile 


Chronological 

Basal  mental 

Total  mental 

Age  began 

Age  left 

No.  cases. 

age. 

age. 

age. 

school. 

school. 

Grade. 

1 

23.0 

6.0 

6.6 

6.0 

10.0, 

1 

She  was  always  in  first  grade  in  sciiool.  Has  bt-cn  arrested  twice  for 
inimnrality. 

MALES 

We  append  an  analysis  of  a  few  of  the  defendants  found  in  this  court. 
it  is  a  fjuestion   how  far  forced  marriages  should  be  encoiira.a:ed. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  18,  fair  average  intelligence  (basal  mental  age  11,  total  mental 
age  12.6)  plus  dementia  prcccox;  reached  fourth  year  high  school;  has  been  in 
Juvenile  Court;  probation  18  months. 

Case,  age  22,  high  grade  borderland  sociopath  (basal  mental  age  9,  total 
mental  age  12.2)  plus  dementia  pr?ecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism.  Began  school 
age  6,  quit  age  17,  in  eighth  grade.  In  Juvenile  Court  once  stealing,  comm  tted 
Industrial  School  18  months;  later  stole  jewelry,  committed  to  House  of  Cor- 
rection for  6  months.  His  father  is  chronic  alcoholic  and  has  been  arrested 
three  times,  twice  for  drunkenness  and  once  for  fighting.  He  is  very  abusive 
to  his  wife  and  she  threatens  to  leave  him.  Judge  would  not  sanction  marriage 
of  this  case. 

Case,  age  21.  F.  Ha.  High  grade  borderland  moron  (basal  mental  age  8.10, 
total  mental  age  11.4),  plus  dementia  praecox  katatonia  (moral  defect).  Began 
school  age  7,  stopped  age  16,  seventh  grade.  He  is  a  draft  slacker.  His  mother  has 
been  in  insane  asylum  for  eight  years.  His  father  was  a  chronic  alcoholic.  See  his- 
tory of  girl,  D.  Ha.,  age  23,  under  average  intelligence. 

Case,  age  28,  low  grade  sociopath  (basal  mental  age  8,  total  mental  age  11.2), 
plus  psychopathic ;  is  under  treatment  for  nervousness.  Began  school  age  6.  stopped 
age  16,  reached  seventh  grade. 

Case,  age  21,  high  grade  moron  (basal  mental  age  9,  total  mental  age  11.0), 
plus  dementia  pra^cox ;  began  school  age  12,  stopped  age  15,  quit  eighth  grade.  He  is 
chronic  masturbator.  Girl  is  age  16  and  feeble-minded.  Has  been  in  feeble-minded 
institution  at  intervals  for  three  years.  The  boy's  father  was  partly  Spanish  and  part 
negro,  mother  negrcss. 

Case,  S.  Lo.,  age  21,  middle  grade  moron  (basal  mental  age  8,  total  mental  age 
10.0),  plus  dementia  pr?ecox  hebephrenia.  Concomitant  alcoholism.  He  assumed 
role  of  defendant.    See  history  of  case. 

Case,  age  18,  low  grade  moron  (basal  mental  age  8,  total  mental  age  9.8),  plus 
dementia  pr,Tcox.    Began  school  age  10,  stopped  ape  17,  fifth  grade. 


—  181  — 


OUTSIDE  CRIMINAL  BRANCHES 

There  are  18  outside  criminal  branches  of  the  Municipal  Court,  located 
in  difTcrcnt  parts  of  the  city.  The  material  coming  to  these  different  courts 
is  <iuito  homogeneous,  the  one  differing  very  little  from  the  other.  The  rases 
that  now  come  to  the  specialized  courts,  the  Boys,  Morals  and  Domestic  Rela- 
tions, were  formerly  tried  in  these  police  courts. 

During  the  period  covered  by  the  report  there  were  330  cases  thoroughly 
examined  from  these  branches,  223  males,  107  females.  This  represents  a 
group  of  what  might  be  considered  selective  cases,  but  to  those  familiar  with 
the  average  run  of  material  in  these  courts  it  will  be  seen  to  be  quite  rep- 
resentative. The  following  statistics  compiled  on  the  charges  registered 
against  these  cases,  covering  a  period  of  three  years  and  embracing  330  de- 
fendants, is  further  confirmatory. 

These  branches  deal  in  large  measure  with  the  terminal  stages  of  the 
cases  from  the  Boys,  Morals  and  Domestic  Relations  courts,  society's  human  ship- 
wrecks. 

Since  we  have  no  regular  system  of  identification  in  any  of  our  courts  for  the 
recognition  of  repeaters,  we  are  forced  to  depend  on  the  admissions  of  the  cases 
themselves  in  regard  to  their  previous  arrests,  and  as  a  consequence  our  statistics 
only  approximate  the  amount  of  recidivism.  Almost  always  where  we  are  able  to 
check  up  arrests  they  have  been  very  much  worse  than  admitted  by  the  case. 

MALES 

Mental  Diagnosis — Average  Intelligence 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.       Basal  Mental  Age.       Total  Mental  Age. 

23  27.74  9.61  12.33 

Psychopathy. 

Nineteen  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  prsecox,  one  was  com- 
plicated by  chronic  alcoholism  and  dementia  paralytica,  one  by  chronic  alcohol- 
ism plus  drug  addiction,  one  by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  drug  addiction, 
one  chronic  alcoholism  and  sex  pervert,  one  with  moral  defect,  one  case, 
age  24,  dementia  prsecox  paranoides,  chronic  masturbator,  one  chronic  alco- 
holism with  moral  defect. 

Three  of  the  group  of  23  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution, 
two  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  drug  addiction  and  chorea. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  prascox,  drug  addict;  has  had  in  the  neighborhood 
of  25  arrests,  mostly  for  hold-ups,  served  two  and  one-half  years  in  Pontiac 
Reformatory. 

Case,  age  45,  dementia  praecox,  chronic  alcoholism,  dementia  paralytica; 
has  had  seven  arrests,  mostly  for  chronic  alcoholism  and  flipping  trains;  was 
in  State  Insane  Asylum  in  Dunning  for  five  months. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prascox,  chronic  alcoholism;  two  arrests,  one  for 
indecent  exposure,  once  not  having  license  on  auto;  he  is  a  chauffeur. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  prsecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism,  plus  moral  de- 
fect; had  two  arrests,  once  for  drunkenness;  forged  thirteen  checks,  served 
term  in  House  of  Correction. 

—  133  — 


Case,  age  30,  dementia  pr.-vcox;   arrested    for    indecent    exposure. 

Case,  age  34,  dementia  pr^ccox;  indecent    liberties    with    a   cliild. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  praccox;  passing  worthless  check. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  pra;cox  hebephrenia;  obscene  writing. 

Case,  age  46,  dementia  pra^cox  hebephrenia;  two  arrests,  once  disorderly 
conduct,  once  auto  speeding. 

Case,  age  31,  dementia  praecox  paranoides;  two  arrests,  one  for  larcency, 
once  stealing  jewelry,  served  one  year  in  House  of  Correction,  committed  by 
us  to  Psychopathic   Hospital. 

Case,  age  37,  dementia  pra'cox,  chronic  alcoholism;  obtaining  money  un- 
der false  pretenses. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praicox;  has  had  three  arrests;  present  arrest,  he 
is  a  drug  clerk  and  was   selling  whiskey  without   prescription. 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  pr.-ccox  hebephrenia  plus  drug  addict  (morphin- 
ist and  cocainist);  has  had  eighteen  arrests  that  have  been  checked  up,  seven 
for  burglary,  eight  for  larceny,  two  for  picking  pockets,  one  for  disorderly 
conduct;  has  served  two  terms  in  Pontiac  Reformatory,  once  for  five  years, 
was  committed  twice  to  Chester  Criminal  Insane  Asylum  on  burglary  charges; 
spent  three  years  in  Mississippi  Penitentiary,  three  in  Wisconsin  Penitentiary, 
two  in  Tennessee  Penitentiary,  one  year  in  House  of  Correction,  6  months  in 
Cook  County  Jail;  as  a  boy  charged  with  disorderly  conduct,  committed  to 
Ontario  Reform  School  for  six  months;  spent  eighteen  months  in  Insane 
Asylum  in  Kentucky,  two  years  in  Insane  Asylum  in  Fulton,  was  also  in  Insane 
Asylum  at  Dunning  and  also  Elgin.  Committed  by  us  to  Psychopathic  Hos- 
pital. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  pra;cox  plus  drug  addiction;  has  had  29  arrests,  his 
arrests  have  been  for  burglary,  hold-up,  on  suspicion,  fighting  and  disorderly 
conduct;  served  two  and  a  half  years  in  Pontiac  Reformatory.  He  was  ar- 
rested in  St.  Joe  by  the  federal  authorities  and  200  grains  of  cocaine  found  on 
him.  There  are  fifteen  charges  against  him  on  his  present  arrest;  he  stole 
an  automobile  and  would  answer  advertisements  in  daily  paper  of  those  de- 
siring to  buy  automobiles.  He  would  invite  the  prospective  buj^er  out  for  a 
demonstration  of  the  car,  run  him  to  a  lonely  spot  in  the  outskirts  of  the  city 
and  then  hold  him  up.  He  was  sentenced  to  an  indefinite  term  on  these 
charges. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  prsecox  plus  moral  defect;  arrested  for  committing 
blackmail. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  prrecox,  chronic  alcoholism,  sex  pervert;  present 
arrest  mother  complainant,  drinking  and  disorderly  conduct,  has  had  \\\it 
previous  arrests  on  same  charges. 

Case,  age  26,  dementia  prajcox;  present    arrest,    indecent    exposure. 
Case,  age  23,  psychopatliic   constitution,   morphine   and   cocaine  addict. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.       Basal  Mental  Age.       Total  Mental  Age. 

9  29.33  9.33  11.75 

Psychopaihy. 

Four  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr:ocox  paranoides,  one  complicated  by 
chronic  alcoholism. 

Five  of  the  group  of  9  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitutif^n, 
all  of  which  were  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  34,  dementia  prrecox  plus  alcoholism;  has  had  seven  arrests, 
present  arrest  for  vagrancy,  previous  arrests  gambling,  larceny,  vagrancy: 
he   has    served    a   year    in    the     Pontiac     Reformatory,     a     term     in     the     House 

—  133  — 


of  C"orrci-li«iii.  vv;is  ••wl  only  ;i  iiiMiitli  wlim  Nciilciiccil  ;iK;iiii  for  six  incjiitlis 
(•n  v.-iKnincy  oharno.  Ili'  had  .studied- for  tlic  niinislr}',  married,  dcscrtcfi  wife; 
she  <Iivnri-e(l   him   four  years  after  marriage. 

Case,  awe  23,  dementia  pr.ecox  paranoides;  six  arrests,  three  Juvenile, 
committed  to  St.  Charles  Reformatory  twice,  once  for  sixteen  months,  once 
ff)r  a  year;  was  also  in  Jolin  Worthy  School,  also  served  term  in  House  of 
Correction. 

Case,  age  29,  dementia  j)r;ccox  i)aranuides,  chronic  alcoholism;  seven  ar- 
rests; his  mother  had  him  arrested  saying  he  was  very  dangerous,  previous 
arrests  hold-uj)  on  street  car,  drunkenness,  etc.  Has  been  in  House  of  Cor- 
rection.    His  brother  was  shot  and  killed  in  a  light. 

Case,  age  55,  psychopathic  constitution;  five  arrests  for  drunkenness;  he 
has  had  several  terms  in  House  of  Correction,  has  had  delirium  tremens. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  pra-cox  paranoides;  three  arrests,  present  arrest, 
stole  brother's  revolver,  family  were  afraid  of  him,  other  arrests  fighting  and 
disorderly;  was  in  State  Hospital  for  Insane  at  Kankakee  for  4  months;  we 
committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  30,  high  grade  borderland  sociopath,  has  active  lues. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  pra:cox,  tertiary  lues;  has  had  four  arrests,  present 
arrest  on  suspicion  of  Inirglary,  other  arrests  in  pool  room  raids. 

Case,  age  28,  psychopathic  constitution,  chronic  alcoholism;  present  ar- 
rest larceny,  two  previous  arrests,  one  for  larceny,  one  for  disorderly  conduct; 
served  term  in  House  of  Correction. 

■Case,  age  22.  dementia  pra.^cox,  clironic  mastnrbator. 

High  Grade  Sociopaths 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.       Basal  Mental  Age.       Total  Mental  Age. 

11  25.36  8.91  11.47 

Psychopathy. 

Six  of  the  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr.'ecox.  one  of  which  was 
complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  moral  defect,  one  was  effeminate. 
one  sex  pervert,  pederast. 

Five  of  this  group  of  11  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution, 
three  were  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  drug  addiction. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  praecox,  sex  pervert;  present  arrest  committing  peder- 
asty on  a  boy. 

Case,  age  18,  psychopathic  constitution ;  arrested  for  attempting  suicide. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prsccox,  moral  defect ;  he  has  had  20  arrests,  all  for 
larceny  and  disorderly  conduct;  served  two  terms  in  House  of  Correction,  in  an- 
other case  his  father  paid  his  fine  of  $200. 

Case,  age  28,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction ;  he  has  had  five 
arrests,  present  arrest  non-support,  four  arrests  peddling  cocaine. 

Case,  age  31,  dementia  prjecox  paranoides;  stole  an  overcoat  worth  $40  from 
a  department  store. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  praecox ;  three  arrests,  present  arrest  burglary,  one 
arrest  disorderly  conduct;  served  two  years  in  Joliet  for  shooting  his  mother-in- 
law. 

Case,  age  29,  dementia  prsecox,  effeminate ;  has  had  four  arrests,  two  for  dis- 
orderly conduct,  two  for  vagrancy. 

Case,  age  25,  psychopathic  constitution,  chronic  alcoholism ;  present  arrest 
adultery. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic    constitution,    chronic    alcoholism;    stole    a    bicycle. 

Case,  age  31,  high  grade  sociopath;  arrested  for  speeding  in  auto. 

—  134  — 


Low  Grade  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 
Cases. 

Average 
Chronological  Age. 

Average 
Basal  Mental  Age. 

Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

16 

29.06 

8.69 

11.66 

Psychopathy. 

Xiiie  cases  were  diagnosed  dementia  priccu.x,  three  of  these  complicated 
by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  drug-  addiction,  one  was  katat'mic,  one  had 
chronic  gonorrhea. 

Seven  of  the  group  of  16  cases  were  diagnosed  p.Nychi)i)alliic  constitution, 
two  of  which  were  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  drug  addiction, 
one  by  epilepsy,  one  pulmonary  phthisis. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  27,  highly  psychopathic,  epileptic;  arrested  for  raping  a  2H-year-old 
child. 

Case,  age  27,  dementia  pra:cox  paranoides ;  three  arrests,  present  arrest  in- 
sulting a  woman,  two  previous  arrests  for  same  thing ;  acted  as  sewing  machine 
agent,  would  gain  access  to  house  and  then  make  indecent  proposals  to  women; 
we  committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  pra^co.x  hebephrenia,  chronic  alcoholism;  three  arrests, 
all  for  drunkenness,  has  had  delirium  tremens,  served  two  sentences  in  House  of 
Correction. 

Case,  age  33,  dementia  prceco.x,  chronic  gonorrhea ;  eight  arrests,  present  arrest 
abusing  his  wife,  the  other  seven  have  been  for  abusing  wife  and  disorderly 
conduct. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic  constitution,  drug  addict;  arrested  disorderly  con- 
duct; was  arrested  in  Juvenile  Court  for  drug  addiction,  served  six  months  in 
reformatory  for  same  thing.     He  snuffs  cocaine. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  prseco.x  hyperbulia  (katatonia)  ;  present  arrest  "Jack 
the  Peeper,"  loitering  around  girls'  toilet  in  school. 

Case,  age  27,  dementia  precox  paranoides  plus  chronic  alcoholism ;  arrested 
about  thirty  times  on  account  of  going  on  sprees,  except  once  on  suspicion;  we 
committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Case,  age  32,  psychopathic  constitution ;  has  had  three  arrests,  present  arrest 
contributing  to  delinquency  of  children,  taking  strange  little  girls  to  nickel  shows, 
once  as  a  strike  breaker,  once  for  driving  a  decrepit,  sick  horse. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  prcecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism;  has  had  four  arrests 
for  thefts. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  praecox,  hereditary  lues ;  two  arrests,  both  for  indecent 
exposure. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praecox;  has  had  eight  arrests,  two  of  which  were  in 
Boys  Court,  present  arrest  larceny,  four  were  for  disorderly  conduct,  one  of  these 
and  a  robbery  case  being  in  Boys  Court. 

Case,  age  39,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism ;  present  arrest 
drunkenness  and  abiising  his  wife,  two  previous  arrests  same  charge,  served  one 
term  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  36,  psychopathic  constitution ;  arrested   for  annoying  a  girl. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  pra;cox  plus  active  lues;  present  arrest  larceny,  stole  a 
handbag  from  neighbor,  was  in  Boys  Court  for  burglary,  committed  to  Pontiac 
Reformatory,  spent  26  nuiiiths  tiicro.  had  l)ecn  in  Parental  School  twice,  was  in 
John  Worthy  twice. 

—  135  — 


High  Grade  Morons 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

CnBCS. 

Average 
Clironologlcal  Age. 

Average 
I?asal  Mental  Age. 

Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

37 

26.84 

8.27 

10.99 

Psychopathy. 

Twenty  ui  the  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pritcox;  four  of  which 
wore  complicated  by  chronic  alcoholism,  one  by  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  one 
l)y  drug  addiction,  one  sc.k  pervert. 

Two  of  the  group  of  37  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution, 
two  of  which  were  complicated   by  alcoholism. 

Two  of  the  group  of  37  cases  were  epileptic. 

One  of  tiie  group  r)f  37  cases  was  senile  dementia. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  pra^cox,  cocaine  user;  elaborately  tattooed  on  breast  and 
hand  in  form  of  snake. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  pr^ecox,   chronic    alcoholic;    attempted    suicide. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  pra^cox ;   committed  to   feeble-minded  institution. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  pra.xox ;  present  arrest  enticing  little  girls  into  shrub- 
bery in  park  for  immoral  purposes. 

Case,  age  38,  dementia  prrecox  paranoides ;  refuses  to  work,  wife  complainant. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  prrccox;  four  arrests,  present  arrest  breaking  off  auto 
horn,  another  arrest  ambushing  some  boys  and  beating  them. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  pra'cox ;  has  had  eight  arrests,  three  of  which  were  in 
Juvenile  Court  for  stealing  and  truancy;  served  seven  months  in  Parental  School, 
his  other  arrests  have  been  for  stealing  brass  and  attempting  suicide. 

Case,  age  40,  dementia  pra^cox,  chronic  alcoholic;  present  arrest  for  hold-up, 
two  other  arrests,  one  for  hold-up,  one  for  drunkenness ;  has  had  delirium  tremens 
several  times. 

Case,  age  29,  dementia  precox,  chronic  alcoholic ;  has  been  arrested  fifteen 
times,  fourteen  for  larceny  and  one  for  burglary;  put  on  probation  recently,  broke 
it  within  fourteen  days. 

Case,  age  16,  dementia  pra?cox,  sex  pervert. 

Case,  age  39,  present  arrest  for  arson,  he  was  a  conductor  and  was  discharged 
from  the  street  railway  company  for  keeping  fares. 

Case,  age  16,  plaintiff  in  case  against  a  Chinaman,  Chinaman  wanted  to  use 
him  for  immoral  purposes,  has  had  an  arrest  in  Juvenile  Court  for  shooting  dice. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  prascox ;  four  arrests  for  running  away  from  home. 

Case,  age  25,  present  arrest  stealing  six  drinking  glasses. 
'     Case,  age  17,  two  arrests,  both  on  suspicion. 

Case,  age  40,  dementia  prwcox  hebephrenia ;  present  arrest  vagrancy. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholic ;  present  arrest  for  drinking, 
previous  arrest  trouble  with  mother-in-law,  served  one  term  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  17,  two  arrests  for  speeding. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prsecox ;  has  had  four  arrests  for  robbery,  stole  his 
father's  auto  to  commit  some  of  the  thefts. 

Case,  age  67,  senile  dementia;  has  had  eight  arrests,  they  have  been  for  carry- 
ing concealed  weapon,  peddling  without  license  and  disorderly  conduct,  served 
sentence  in  House  of  Correction.  • 

Case,  age  30,  dementia  prcTcox ;  has  had  eight  arrests  for  indecent  exposure, 
in  House  of  Correction  six  times,  Dunning  three  years. 

_  Case,  age  28,  dementia  praxox;  has  had  two  arrests,  previous  arrest  posing  as  a 
police  officer  and  second  arrest  for  climbing  elevated  structure. 

—  136  — 


Case,  age  37,  dementia  prrecox ;  has  had  two  arrests,  present  one  for  obtaining 
money  under  false  pretense,  previous  one  for  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  33,  dementia  prsecox  paranoides  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  epi- 
lepsy; has  had  three  arrests,  all  for  drunkenness,  fighting  and  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  21,  epilepsy;  two  arrests,  present  arrest  for  indecent  exposure, 
previous  one  for  not  working. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  prcxcox  plus  chronic  alcoholism ;  present  arrest,  tried  to 
commit  suicide. 

Case,  age  32,  dementia  pra:cox ;   arrested   for  vagrancy;  twin. 

Remainder  of  cases  disorderly  conduct  and  not  working. 

Middle  Grade  Morons 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

18 

26.33 

8.0 

9.77 

Psychopathy. 

Seven  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pr.ecox.  three  of  which 
were  complicated  by  alcohoLism. 

Six  of  the  group  of  18  were  diagnosed  as  psychopathic  constitution,  three 
of  which  were   complicated   by  alcoholism,   one   by   drug  addiction. 

One  of  the  group  of  18  was  diagnosed  as  epilepsy. 

One  of  the  group  of  18  was  diagnosed   as   predementia   paralytica. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic ;  present  arrest  for  robbery. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  prsecox;  present  arrest  disorderly  conduct,  has  had 
six  previous  arrests  for  begging,  one  Juvenile  Court  arrest  for  running  away  from 
home;  has  been  in  St.  Charles  sixteen  months,  served  sentence  in  House  of 
Correction. 

Case,  age  32,  psychopathic,  chronic  alcoholism ;  has  had  two  arrests  for 
drinking. 

Case,  age  26,  epileptic;  present  arrest  for  drinking,  one  previous  arrest  for 
running  away  from  home. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic,  drug  a^ddict;  present  arrest  for  using  drugs,  takes 
28  grains  of  morphine  a  day. 

Case,  age  29;  present  arrest   for   attempting  housebreaking. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  prxcox;  six  arrests,  present  one  for  burglary,  three 
Juvenile  Court  arrests;  has  been  in  Parental  School  fifteen  months,  St.  Charles  two 
years,  Pontiac  twenty-one  months. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  praecox ;  has  had  five  arrests,  two  of  these  in  Juvenile 
Court  for  stealing,  other  arrests  for  burglary. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic,  alcoholic,  chronic  masturbator ;  present  arrest  "Jack 
the  Peeper,"  caught  several  times  peeping  into  windows. 

Case,  age  47,  preparalytic  dementia;  has  had  two  arrests,  present  arrest,  wife 
had  him  arrested  for  examination,  previous  arrest  for  stealing  from  Wells-Fargo 
Company;  has  served  sentence  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  27;  two  arrests,  present  one  larceny,  previous  arrest  for  bumming 
and  not  working,  has  served  sentence  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  37,  psychopathic ;  has  had  three  arrests  for  non-support,  his  was  a 
forced  marriage,  he  says  his  wife  is  a  prostitute. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  p.  a;cox  ;  three  arrests  for  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  45,  dementia  pra-cox,  chronic  alcoholic;  has  had 'four  arrests,  one 
when  15  years  old  for  disorderly  conduct,  has  been  arrested  since  for  burglary;  has 
served  about  fourteen  years  in  custodial  institutions  in  Michigan  City,  Indiana,  and 
in  Illinois;  married  three  times;  we  committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

—  137  — 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

6 

22.83 

6.0 

Case,  age  36,  (kniciUia  pr.Tco.x,  chronic  alcoholic;  has  had  three  arrests  for 
ilisordcrly  conduct  and  quarreling  with  family,  once  for  beating  a  horse  he  was 
driving  and  once  for  hitting  and  injuring  his  sister  with  a  poker;  has  been  in 
Hiinning  two  years.  . 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  prsccox,  alcoholic;  arrested  three  times,  once  for  steal- 
ing a  horse  and  wagon  and  others  for  theft,  served  sentence  in  House  of  Correction. 

Low  Grade  Morons 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

Average 
Total  Mental  Age. 

8.1 

Psychopathy. 
One   of  this  group   was  diagnosed   dementia  praeco.x. 

Two  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution,  one  com- 
plicated  hy   alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  21,  psychopathic;  present  arrest  disorderly,  knocked  a  woman  down. 

Case,  age  26 ;  never  went  to  school  except  Pontiac. 

Case,  age  17,  dementia  praecox ;  present  arrest  larceny,  previous  arrest  stealing 
brass,  one  Juvenile  Court  arrest. 

Case,  age  18;  sent  to  Lincoln;  had  lirst  teotii  when  one  year  old,  wet  bed 
until  age  six. 

Case,  age  28;  has  not  worked  in  five  years. 

Case,  age  27,  psychopathic,  alcoholic ;  arrested  for  drinking. 

Analysis  of  Intelligence  and  Psychopathy  of  a  Group  of  42   Cases,   16  Males 

and  26  Females 
Average  Intelligence. 
Males. 
Case,  age  27,  dementia  prrccox  paranoides. 

Females. 
Case,  adult,  dementia  prcecox  katatonia  with  moral  detect. 
Case,  age  23,  dementia  prsecox  plus  moral  defect. 
Case,  age  14,  physical,  deaf. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 

Males. 
Case,  age  26. 

High  Grade  Sociopaths 

Males. 
.    Case,  age  20,  dementia  praecox. 

Case,  age  25,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  active  lues. 
Case,  age  40,  dementia  praecox. 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 

Males. 

Case,  age  50,  psychopathic  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
Case,  age  29,  highly  psychopathic. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  pra?cox  plus  chronic  alcoholism,  delusions  of  infidelity, 
arteriosclerosis. 

Females. 
Case,  age  23,  psychopathic. 
Case,  age  19.  psychopathic  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

—  138  — 


High  Grade  Borderland  Morons 

Males. 

Case,  age  27,  psychopathic  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  58,  presenile  dementia ;  we  committed  him  to  Psychopathic  Hospital. 

Females. 
Case,  age  31,  dementia  prsecox  hebephrenia. 

High  Grade  Morons 

Males. 
Case,  age  52,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
Case,  age  27,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
Case,  age  28,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Fe>nales. 

Case,  age  23,  manic-depressive  insanity  (hypomania). 

Case,  age  22,  high  grade  moron. 

Case,  age  43,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  47,  phychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  36,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  27,  phychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  22,  phychopathic  constitution. 

Middle  Grade  Morons 

Males. 
Case,  age  38,  psychopathic  plus  preparalytic  dementia  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Females. 

Case,  age  24,  middle  grade  moron. 

Case,  age  62,  presenile  dementia. 

Case,  age  67,  presenile  dementia. 

Case,  age  28,  bastardy  complainant,  si.x  months  pregnant. 

Low  Grade   Morons 

Males. 
Case,  age  27,  low  grade  moron. 
Case,  age  22,  low  grade  moron. 

Females. 
Case,  age  37,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
The   following   is   a   group   of  case.s   with    psycliopathic   diagnoses. 

Males. 
Case,  age  24,  dementia  pr;ecox  katatonia. 
Case,  age  28,  dementia  pncco.x  katatonia. 
Case,  age  30,  dementia  pnecox  katatonia,  also  feeble-minded. 
Case,  age  38,  dementia  pneco.x  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  pra^co.x  katatonia  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
Case,  age  48,  dementia  pr?eco.x  paraiftides. 
Case,  age  35,  dementia  pra-cox  paranoides. 
Case,  age  adult,  dementia  prsecox  paranoides. 
Case,  age  40,  dementia  pra-cox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
Case,  age  50,  dementia  pracco.x  plus  moral  defect  plus  sex  pervert. 
Case,  age  23,  dementia  pra?cox  plus  moral  defect. 
Case,  age  33,  dementia  pra-cox  plus  moral  defect. 
Case,  age  38,  dementia  prajcox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 
Case,  age  48,  dementia  prseco.x  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

—  139  — 


Case,  age  35,  (Icmciitia  jiracox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  36,  ficmcntia  pracox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  pr.xcox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  45,  dementia  pr.xcox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  31,  dementia  pr.xcox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  51,  dementia  pra;cox  plus  presenile  dementia. 

Case,  age  26.  dementia  pra^cox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  25,  dementia  pr.xcox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  praxox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  23,  dementia  pra;cox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  praccox  hebephrenia. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  pr.xcox  katatonia. 

Case,  age  42,  dementia  pr.xcox  plus   chronic   alcoholism,    feeble-minded. 

Case,  age  39,  dementia  prxcox  plus  chronic  alcoholism,  feeble-minded. 

Case,  age  17,  pfropfhebephrenia  plus  juvenile  paresis. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  prxcox  katatonia  plus  drug  addict,  confused  mental 
state. 

Case,  age  39,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  54,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  53,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  29,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  35,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  32.  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  45,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  45,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  30,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  33,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  55,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  24,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  42,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism,    feeble-minded. 

Case,  age  49,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  pulmonary 
tuberculosis. 

Case,  age  36,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  delirium 
tremens. 

Case,  age  50,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute  ex- 
acerbation. 

Case,  age  42,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute  ex- 
acerbation. 

Case,  age  42,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute  ex- 
acerbation. 

Case,  age  39,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  prepara- 
lytic dementia. 

Case,  age  22,  psychopathic  constitution,  simulator. 

Case,  age  3S,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  preparalytic  dementia. 

Case,  age  28,  psychopathic  constitution. 

Case,  age  29,  psychopathic  constitution,  hysterical. 

Case,  age  26,  psychopathic  constitution,  hysterical  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addict. 

Case,  age  68,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addict. 

Case,  age  34,  epilepsy. 

Case,  age  33,  epilepsy. 

Case,  age  36,  epilepsy  plus  drug  addict. 

Case,  age  78,  senile  dementia. 

Case,  age  41,  physical,  juror  seeking  exemption. 

Case,  age  40,  dementia  pra^cox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  68,  dementia  prxcox  plus  chronic  alcoholism.' 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  praecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  49,  dementia  proecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

—  140  — 


Analysis  of  Psychopathy  with  Complications 
Males — 207  Cases 


Number 
Diagnosis.  of  Cases.  Percentage. 

Dementia  praecox    64  30.91 

Dementia  prsccox  plus  chronic  alcoholism   28  13.52 

Dementia  precox  plus  chronic     alcoholism     plus     dementia 

paralytica    1  0.48 

Dementia  praccox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  arteriosclero- 
sis plus  delusions  of  infidelity 1  0.48 

Dementia  pr.xcox  phis  chronic  alcoholism  plus  active  lues..  1  0.48 
Dementia  pr?ccox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  moral  defect 

plus  chronic  masturbator 1  0.48 

Dementia  pra;co.x  plus  chronic  alcoholism   plus   drug   addic- 
tion   1  0.48 

Dementia  pra-cox  plus    drug   addiction 3  1.44 

Dementia  prsecox  plus  drug  addiction  plus  confused  mental 

state    1  0.48 

Dementia  praccox  plus  moral  defect 5  2.41 

Dementia  pra?cox  plus  sex  pervert 4  1.92 

Dementia  pnxcox  plus  moral  defect  plus  sex  pervert 1  0.48 

Dementia  pr?ccox  plus  eflfeminate   1  0.48 

Dementia  precox  plus  passive  pederast 1  0.48 

Dementia  precox  plus  chronic  venereal    disease 1  0.48 

Dementia  praecox  plus  presenile  dementia   1  0.48 

Dementia  praccox  plus  juvenile  paresis   1  0.48 

Dementia  praecox  plus    tuberculosis    1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution   26  12.56 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism    23  11. li 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  pre- 
paralytic dementia 3  1.44 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  hys- 
teria   1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  alcoholism  plus  tuberculosis.  1  0.4S 
P.sychop:ithic  constitution  plus  chronic   alcoholism   plus    de- 
lirium tremens   1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  acute 

exacerbation    3  1.44 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction 5  2.41 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction  plus  chorea..  1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus   epileptic    1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus    hysteria    1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus   simulator    1  0.48 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  tuberculosis   1  0.48 

Chronic  alcoholism   11  5.31 

Kpilepsy    5  2.41 

Epilepsy  plus  drug  addiction  1  0.48 

Presenile  dementia   1  0.48 

Senile  dementia    2  0.96 

Prcdementia   paralytica    1  0-48 

Tuberculosis    1  0.48 


—  141  — 


School  Records — Males 


1 

-0 

a 

•a 
2 

1 

in 

I 

• 

u 

O 

rt 

C 

B 

O 

1 

CO 

G 

•gj^ 

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o 

o 

O 

o 

to 

o 
o 

a 

O 

B 
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^1 

a} 

■a 

u 

a 

<0 

-a 

^M 

.C.2 

s^S 

&S? 

JZt^ 

&^ 

Mo 

in  u 

(UOiH 

■Oirt 

<^ 

Km 

:s^ 

Ss 

SS 

No.   of  cases 

23 

9 

11 

15 

35 

18 

5 

Average     chronologi- 

cal age   

27.74 

29.33 

25.36 

29.60 

26.71 

26.33 

22.5 

Average  basal  mental 

aee    

9.61 

9.33 

8.91 

8.66 

8.37 

8.0 

6.2 

Average  total  mental 

age  

12.33 

11.75 

11.47 

11.67 

10.98 

9.77 

8.32 

Average   age    entered 

school    

6.41 

6.0 

6.45 

6.26 

7.12 

7.11 

8.8 

Average  age  left 

school   

15.19 

15.0 

15.0 

14.46 

14.88 

14.0 

15.0 

Average  grade  at- 

tained     

8.0 

7.5 

6.2 

6.62 

6.0 

4.53 

3.0 

-    H2 


Children: 


Defendants,    Complaining    Witnesses,    or    Children    of    Defendants 
Males 

Mental  Diagnosis. 


c5 

ca 
u 

60 

o 

o 
a 

p 

bo 

C 
<u 

E 

m 

a 

c 
o 

o 
o 

o 

Remarks. 

I. 

9 

7 

8.2 

Dementia  prsecox. 

11. 

9 

12 

9 

6 
8 
8 

9.2 

9.0 

10.0 

Ill 

IV. 

Dementia  prsecox. 

V. 

9 

7 

7.4 

Pulmonary  tuberculoses. 

VI. 

6 

5 

6.2 

VII. 

6 

6 

7.4 

Dementia  prcecox  katatonia;  sex  per- 
vert;  1st  grade  in  school. 

\'III. 

7 

5 

6.2 

Feeble-minded;  began  school  age  5  and 
is  in  1st  grade. 

IX. 

7 

5 

6.8 

Feeble-minded;  began  school  age  5 
and  is  in  1st  grade. 

X. 

15 

9-11 

12.6 

Fair  average  intelligence;  dementia 
prsecox,  moral  defect,  congenital 
lues;  began  school  age  C,  now  1st 
year  high. 

XI. 
XII. 

15 

14 

8 

8 

11.4 
10.8 

1 

o 

Low  Grade  Sociopath,  dementia  prse- 
cox,  passive  pederast;  began  school 
age  6,  left  age  14,  5th  grade;  uses 
vile  language. 

High  Grade  Moron,   dementia  praecox. 

XIII. 

14 

8 

10.2 

6—14 

6 

Dementia   prsecox. 

XIV. 

11 
10 

10 
8 

12.2 
10.0 

6- 

5- 

-11 

-10 

4 
4 

XV. 

Dementia   praecox. 

XVI. 

9 
15 

9 
13 

9 

6 
4 

7 
8 

7 

9.2 
7.8 
7.4 
9.0 
8.2 

8- 
7- 

7- 

-15 

-  9 

-  9 

5 

sub-normal 
room 

sub-normal 
room 

XVII 

XVIII. 

XIX 

XX. 

Dementia  praecox  hebephrenia. 

Mental  Diagnosis — Females 

Average   Intelligence. 
No.  of  Cases.  Chronological  Age.         Basal  Mental  Age. 

I.  28.0  9 

II.  35.0  9 

III.  37.0  8 


Average.     33.33 


8.67 


Total  Mental  Age. 
12.4 
12.4 

11.8 

12.2 


143  — 


Psychopathy. 

Two  of  this  group  were  diagnoscfl  fl<nicntia  prcccox,  one  of  which  was 
complicated   by   clironic   alcoliolism. 

One  of  tiic  group  of  three  was  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution  com- 
plicated   with    chronic    alcoholism. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  28,  psychopathic  constitution,  chronic  alcoholism ;  married  twice, 
divorced 'first  husband;  deserted  her  second  husband,  and  went  to  live  with  her 
divorced  husband. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  pra^cox  plus  chronic  alcoholism;  arrested  m  fight  with 
notorious  thief. 

Case,  age  37,  dementia  praecox,  deaf;  present  arrest,  disorderly  conduct. 

High  Grade  Borderland  Sociopaths 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.       Basal  Mental  Age.       Total  Mental  Age. 

4  19.5  9.74  11.65 

Psychopathy. 
Three  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  dementia  pra^cox;  one  of  which  was 
complicated  by  moral  defect. 

One   of  group   of  four  was  highly  psychopathic. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  18,  highly  psychopathic;  had  man  in  her  room. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  prsecox,  moral  defect,  speech  defect  (lisps)  ;  has  had 
three  arrests,  present  arrest  stealing  jewelry,  two  others  as  kleptomaniac  in  Juve- 
nile Court;  twice  in  Juvenile  Detention  Home;  attempted  suicide  with  morphine 
a  few  days  before  present  arrest ;  she  has  been  a  somnambulist. 

Case,  age  21,  dementia  praecox  paranoides;  hypersexual. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  praecox;  shoplifting. 

High  Grade  Sociopaths 
Mental  Diagnosis. 

Case.  Chronological  Age.         Basal  Mental  Age.  Total  Mental  Age. 

I.  19  9.0  .  12.4 

11.  20  9.0  12.2 

HI.  19  11.0  11.3 

3  Average.      19.3  9.7  11.9 

Psychopathy. 
One    of    group    was    diagnosed    dementia    praecox    complicated    by    moral 
defect. 

One  was  diagnosed  hysteria. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 
Case,  age  19,  high  grade  sociopath ;  complaining  witness  in  rape  case. 
Case,  age  20,  dementia  praecox,  moral  defect ;  arrested  for  larcenj\ 
Case,  age  19,  hysteria ;  arrested  for  stealing  clothes. 

Low  Grade  Sociopaths 

Mental  Diagnosis. 
No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.       Basal  Mental  Age.       Total  Mental  Age. 

4  29.5  8.5  11.4 

—  144  — 


Psychopathy. 

Two  were  diagnosed  cases  of  dementia  prajcox;  one  complicated  by 
hysteriform  attacks. 

Two  of  the  group  of  four  cases  were  diagnosed  ps3'cliopatliic  constitution; 
one  complicated  by  absencen. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  34,  psychopathic  constitution ;  arrested  for  contributing  to  delin- 
quency of  her  children. 

Case,  age  37,  dementia  praecox ;  white  woman,  forced  marriage  with  a  colored 
man;  has  a  boy,  age  11,  a  mulatto;  was  pregnant  when  married. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic  constitution ;  has  absencen. 

Case,  age  28,  dementia  pra:cox,  hysteriform  attacks. 

High  Grade  Morons 
Mental  Diagnosis. 


No.  of 

Average 

Average 

Average 

Cases. 

Chronological  Age. 

Basal  Mental  Age. 

Total  Mental  Age. 

36 

23.80 

8.42 

10.95 

Psychopathy. 

Fourteen  of  the  group  of  thirtj'-si.x  cases  were  diagnosed  dementia  praecox, 
one  of  which  was  complicated  by  alcoholism,  one  bj'  lues,  one  by  venereal 
disease,  one  was  cretinoid,  two  were  highly  sexed. 

Seven  of  the  group  of  thirty-six  cases  were  diagnosed  psychopa.thic  con- 
stitution, four  of  which  were  complicated  by  alcoholism;  one  had  a  bad  case 
of  psoriasis. 

One  of  the  group  of  thirty-six  cases  w^as  a  case  of  pseudologia  phantastica. 

One  of  the  group  was  a  case  of  manic-depressive  insanity  in  the  hypo-depressive 
state. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic,  speech  defect ;  present  arrest,  picked  up  on  street, 
has  had  a  Juvenile  Court  arrest;  has  been  at  Geneva  and  House  of  the  Good 
Shepherd. 

Case,  age  16,  dementia  pr?ccox ;  was  sent  in  from  court  for  examination ;  she 
had  been  in  a  hospital  a  year  and  a  half  ago  for  nervous  prostration. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  prsecox ;  surrendered  herself  to  be  sent  to  Geneva, 
having  no  place  to  go;  she  had  spent  three  and  a  half  years  in  Geneva,  also  two 
years  in  a  house  of  refuge. 

Case,  age  18,  dementia  praecox,  lues;  has  been  arrested  three  times,  present 
arrest  for  breaking  parole,  previous  arrests  for  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  22,  psychopathic,  bad  case  of  psoriasis ;  soliciting,  having  men  in  her 
room. 

Case,  age  20,  has  had  three  arrests,  once  in  Juvenile  Court ;  has  been  at 
Geneva ;  she  ran  away  from  Geneva  the  first  time,  became  pregnant,  had  an  illegiti- 
mate child,  and  was  sent  back;  has  had  one  other  arrest. 

Case,  age  20,  dementia  pra?cox  ;  has  had  two  arrests,  present  arrest  for  dis- 
orderly conduct  and  previous  one  for  soliciting ;  her  mother  is  insane. 

Case,  age  48,  manic-depressive  insanity,  hypodepressive  stage ;  has  been  in 
insane  asylum  before  for  seven  years. 

Case,  age  20,  has  had  two  arrests,  both  for  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  34,  psychopathic,  alcoholic;  two  arrests  for  disorderly  conduct. 

Case,  age  35,  highly  psychopathic ;  arrested  on  complaint  of  her  neighbors  for 
quarreling. 

Case,  age  19,  present  arrest  beating  her  board  bill. 

Remainder  of  cases  arrested  for  disorcjerly  conduct. 

— 145  — 


Middle  Grade   Morons 
Mental  Diafiiiosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Caaos  Chronological  Age.       Basal  Mental  Age.       Total  Mental  Age. 

11  25.45  7.91  9.47 

Psychopathy. 

l-".'iir  «>f  tliis  group  wcro  diagnosed  dementia  pra-cox,  two  were  complicated 

l)y  alcoliolism,  one  of  these  has  lues  and  one  is  epileptic;  one  was  complicated  by 

tubercular  knee. 

Two  of  the  group  of  1 1  were  diagnosed  psychopathic  constitution. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  19,  present  arrest  pickpocket;  she  is  three  months  pregnant  illegiti- 
mately; has  been  in  House  of  Good  Shepherd  and  in  Industrial  Home  for  six  years. 

Case,  age  35,  dementia  prjecox ;  alcoholic,  epileptic;  has  notorious  police 
record ;  arrested  four  times,  once  for  attempted  murder. 

Case,  age  21,  two  arrests  for  soliciting. 

Case,  age  45,  psychopathic;  shop  lifter. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  pra?cox,  tubercular  knee;  arrested  for  soliciting;  nine 
months  illegitimately  pregnant. 

Case,  age  38,  present  arrest  for  adultery;  has  illegitimate  child;  has  served 
sentence  in  House  of  Correction. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic;  sent  to  Lincoln. 

Low  Grade  Morons 

Mental  Diagnosis. 

No.  of  Average  Average  Average 

Cases.  Chronological  Age.      Basal  Mental  Age.      Total  Mental  Age. 

11  21.64  6.45  8.25 

Psychopathy. 

Two  of  this  group  were  diagnosed  as  dementia  praecox. 

Two   of  the   group  were  diagnosed   as   psychopathic    constitution,   one    of 

which  was  complicated  by  alcoholism. 

One  case  had  hcmichorea  eleven  years. 

Tabulation  of  Cases. 

Case,  age  21,  four  arrests  for  disorderly  conduct;  is  illegitimately  pregnant. 

Case,  age  19,  psychopathic ;  illegitimately  pregnant ;  had  abortion. 

Case,  age  22,  dementia  praecox ;  complainant  in  bastardy  charge. 

Case,  age  19,  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia,  venereal  disease;  has  been  in 
Geneva. 

Case,  age  18,  present  arrest  stealing  a  ring. 

Case,  age  25,  had  illegitimate  child  a  year  ago  and  had  hemichorea  eleven 
years. 

'  Case,  age  19,  committed  to  Lincoln. 

Remainder  of  cases  were  for  disorderly  conduct. 

The   following   is  a   group   of   cases   with   psj-chopathic   diagnosis: 

Case,  age  23,  psychopathic  constitution. 

Case,  age  adult,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  feeble- 
minded. 

Case,  age  49.  psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addict. 

Case,  age  68,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  senile  dementia. 

Case,  age  54,  psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Case,  age  37.  psychopathic  constitution  plus  preparalytic  dementia. 

Case,  age  28.  epilepsy. 

Case,  age  24,  dementia  praecox  plus  moral  defect. 

Case,  age  25,  dementia  pr?ecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

—  146  — 


Analysis  of  Psychopathy,  \vith   Complications —   Females,   74  Cases 


Number 

Diagnosis.                                                      of  Cases.            Percentage 

Dementia   prsecox    16  21.62 

Dementia  praecox,  hysteriform  accesses    1  1.35 

Dementia  precox  plus  chronic  alcoholism   5  6.75 

Dementia  prsecox  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  lues 1  1.35 

Dementia  praecox  plus  lues 1  1.35 

Dementia  praecox  plus  moral  defect 5  6.75 

Dementia  praecox  plus   highly   sexed 2  2.70 

Dementia  praecox  plus  venereal   disease 1  1.35 

Dementia  praecox  plus  epileptic    1  1.35 

Dementia  praecox   plus   cretinoid 1  1.35 

Dementia  praecox  plus  tubercular  knee 1  1.35 

Dementia  praecox  plus  left-sided  spastic  hemiplegia 1  1.35 

Psychopathic  constitution   11  14.86 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  chronic  alcoholism 13  17.56 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  drug  addiction 1  1.35 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus   senile   dementia 1  1.35 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus   preparalytic   dementia 1  1.35 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  absencen 1  1.35 

Psychopathic  constitution  plus  bad  case  of  psoriasis 1  1.35 

Epilepsy    1  1.35 

Presenile  dementia  2  2.70 

Hysteria    1  1.35 

Manic-depressive  insanity  in  the  hypo-depressive  state 1  1.35 

Manic-depressive  insanity    (hypomania) 1  1.35 

Hemichorea  eleven  years 1  1.35 

Low  grade  morons 2     2.70 


School  Records — Females 


^ 

65 

t^ 

High    Grade 

Low 

©■a- 

2o 

fll*^" 

Average 

Borderland 

Higli  Grade 

Grade 

•§" 

Intelligence. 

Sociopaths. 

Sociopaths. 

Socio- 

o^ 

4.28% 

5.71% 

4.28% 

paths. 

2.85% 

"C  c 

bcu 

■a  u 

r 

~^. " ~ 

>\. 

r-^'' — N 

Si 

^S 

:i| 

r 

No.  cases  

I.  1   II. 

III. 

I.        II.  1  III.  1 IV. 

I.  1  II.  1  ni. 

I.  1  II. 

36  1    11  1    11 

Average   chron- 

ological age  . . 

28.0 

35.0 

37.0 

18.0 

18.0 

22.0 

22.0 

19.0 

20.0 

19.0 

28.0 

34.0 

23.8 

25.45 

21.64 

Average  basal 

mental  age    . . 

9.0 

9.0 

8.0 

S.O 

10.0 

10.0 

11.0 

9.0 

9.0 

11.0 

S.O 

8.0 

8.42 

7.91 

6.45 

Average  total 

mental  age   . . 

12.4 

12.4 

11.8 

10.4 

12.0 

12.2 

12.0 

12.4 

12.2 

11.6 

11.4 

11.6 

10.95 

9.47 

8.25 

Average  age 

entered  school 

7.0 

7.0 

7.0 

7.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

9.0 

7.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.0 

6.67 

6.27 

8.1 

Average    age 

left  school   . . . 

14.0 

14.0 

11.0 

15.0 

14.0 

16.0 

18.0 

15.0 

12.0 

14.0 

17.0 

13.0 

14.58 

13.9 

14.33 

Average  grade  . 

8.01    4.0 
llnlre- 
1   land 

doesn't  doesn't 
know     know 

8.0 

10.0 

9.0 

10.0 

7.0 

6.0 

7.0 

5.0 

6.15 

4.8 

3.1 

—  147  — 


Cliildrcn:      Defendants.    Complaining    Witnesses,    or    Children    of    Defendants 

Females 
Menial  Diagnosis. 


9 

CI 

V 

bo 

•a 

6 
m 

U 

-S) 
o 

o 
c 
o 
u 
Si 
U 

a 

g 

-a 

m 

ClJ 

B 
<U 

6 
o 

o 
o 
si 
o 
m 

Remarks. 

T. 

6 

5 

6.2 

Feeble-minded  plus  dementia  prsecox. 
Left-sided  spastic  hemiplegia;  wets 
herself  night  and  day,  disobedient, 
strikes  other  children. 

II, 

16 

10 

11.2 

u 

c 

■M 

Feeble-minded  plus  dementia  prsecox. 
Began  school  age  7,  left  age  14, 
reached  4th  grade,  was  in  subnormal 
room  4  years;  was  in  Juvenile  Court 
and  Home  for  running  away  from 
home;  present  arrest  in  a  flat  with 
several  men. 

III. 

15 

10 

12.0 

6—14 

6th  grade;  high  grade  borderland 
moron. 

IV. 

V. 
VI.(Col.) 

10 
6 
IS 

7 
4 
8 

8.2 

5.0 

10.0 

6-15 

Feeble-minded.  Began  school  age  7, 
is   in  2nd  grade. 

Feeble-minded. 

6th  grade. 

VII. 

11 

10 

11.3 

5- 

-11 

4th  grade. 

VIII. 

14 

9 

11.0 

6—14 

6th  grade. 

148 


CONCLUSION 

The  foregoing  material  speaks  in  no  uncertain  terms  for  itself,  all  the 
more  so  in  proportion  to  one's  experience  in  this  field  reviewed  in  the  light 
of  such  analysis  as  is  presented  here.  For  those  less  familiar  with  such  material 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  space  limitations  and  nature  of  sucli  a  report  as 
this  confine  us  to  much  condensation  and  omission  of  elaboration,  which  will  only 
allow  the  stressing  of  the  main  features  and  will  prohibit  a  working  up  of  many 
other  features  which  in  their  way  are  also  significant. 

Our  daily  run  of  work  since  these  statistics  were  cast  up,  which  have  had 
to  be  done  by  our  limited  force  whenever  we  could  snatch  a  few  minutes, 
now  and  then,  from  the  heavy  daily  run  of  examinations  which  are  increasing 
as  the  days  go  by  and  the  judges,  prosecutors,  probation  and  parole  officers, 
social  workers,  and  the  public  become  better  acquainted  with  the  significance 
and  usefulness  of  the  laboratory,  onlj^  goes  to  further  demonstrate  and  con- 
firm such  statistics  in  the  most  unequivocal  manner,  in  the  ever-increasing 
number  of  cases,  the  multiplication  of  results,  not  only  on  new  cases  but  also 
on  the  old,  cumulated  as  the  period  of  observation  lengthens. 

To  refuse  to  profit  by  the  insight  into  the  conditions  elucidated  here,  as  well 
as  to  draw  the  inevitable  logical  conclusions  immanent  thereto,  is  to  condemn  all 
scientific  and  humanitarian  progress   in  this  and  correlated  fields  to  a   standstill. 

Briefly  summarized,  some  of  the  principal  lessons  to  be  learned  from  these 
studies  are : 

I.  That  delinquency  and  defectiveness  are  practically  synonymous,  the  prin- 
cipal forms  of  defectiveness  being  dementia  praecox,  psjxhopathic  constitution 
and  feeble-mindedness,  alone  or  in  various  combinations,  psychopath}'  being  the 
more  active  instigator,  feeble-mindedness  the  more  passive. 

II.  That  defectiveness  is  also  practically  at  the  bottom  of  most  of  our  de- 
pendency, unemployability,  alcoholism,  asociability,  wife  desertion,  etc. ;  in  fact, 
is  synonymous  with  sociopathology,  and  is  undoubtedly  playing  an  important  role 
in  many  other  mental  and  physical  diseases  and  accidents. 

III.  That  in  the  matter  of  sociopathy,  psychopathy  (heredity)  is  an  intrinsic 
factor  and  environment  an  accessory  factor. 

IV.  At  large  defectives,  socially,  economically,  industrially,  in  Army  and 
Navj',  are  a  heavy  economic  and  social  burden.  In  appropriate  institutions,  this 
burden  is  to  a  large  degree  eliminated. 

V.  That  annually,  with  statistical  punctiliousness,  there  is  a  new  quota  of 
defectives  thrown  on  the  community,  that  will  have  to  be  reckoned  with  throughout 
their  career. 

VI.  That  these  cases  run  true  to  form,  whether  it  be  in  school,  business,  or 
socially. 

—  149  — 


\  II.  'I'lial  our  laws,  piiial  inslilutiuns,  and  suciological  efforts  have  all  handled 
the  i)roi)lem  thus  far  oijjeclively,  completely  ignoring  the  subjective  side,  the 
individual  himself,  with  only  failure  to  record.  Sociologically,  hereafter,  just  as 
we  have  learned  in  medicine,  we  will  have  to  "treat  the  case." 

VIII.  That  new  laws  and  institutions  conforming  to  scientific  advance  are 
demanded. 

IX.  That  all  courts  should  have  psychopathic  laboratories  at  the  service  of 
both  sides  of  a  case.  Cities  should  maintain  laboratories,  where  school  children 
and  others  may  be  examined  and  disposition  advised.  By  recognizing  defectives 
early,  they  can  be  committed  to  colonies  and  crime  anticipated  to  the  advantage  of 
the  individual  and  his  family,  as  well  as  society. 

X.  That  universities  should  provide  training  along  these  lines  in  order  that 
we  may  have  enough  properly  trained  and  equipped  experts  to  carry  on  the  work 
and  extend  research  in  these  fields.  Brain  laboratories  are  badly  needed  adjuncts. 
Medical  and  law  students  and  students  of  sociology  should  have  adequate  instruc- 
tion along  these  lines. 

The  following  schemata  partially  summarize  the  .'statistics  of  the  fore- 
going capitals  and  permit  of  a  more  ready  survey  of  ilie  material  when  thus 
thrown  together. 


150  — 


SUMMARY    OF   MENTAL   DIAGNOSIS   AND    SCHOOL  RECORDS, 

ALL  COURTS 


May    1,  1914  to  April  30,   1917 
Males 


c 

(U 

0) 

<v 

o 

a 

^- 

■o 

o 

0) 

d 

c  <u 

*J  be 

bo 
rt 

2 
bo 

Mental  level. 

Court. 

<u 

s^  — 

o'* 

a.=^ 

®2 

to 

bCcS 

to- 

be- 

bdo 

bo  . 

bo 

o 

S.- 

rt  £3 

2*^ 

rt  m 

go 

f. 

<U  bD 

<1)  S 

V  C 

<i>  C 

i>2 

<u 

o 

>  O 

>  (U 

>  <1> 

>  5 

>'S 

> 

^ 

<o 

-5;E 

<B 

<bO 

*»;  m 

<<j 

Average     Intelli- 

Boy.s Court 

166 

18.83 

1036 

12.58 

6.28 

14.93 

8.33 

gence 

Average    Intelli- 

Court of  Domestic 

24 

35.05 

9.33 

12.21 

6.75 

13.65 

7.9 

gence  and   High 

Relations 

Grade      Border- 

land   Sociopaths 

Average     Intelli- 

Morals Court 

4 

29.50 

10.75 

12.75 

5.75 

16.00 

10.66 

gence 

Average     Intelli- 

Outside   Criminal 
Branches 

23 

27.74 

9.61 

12.33 

6.41 

15.19 

8.00 

217Av.21.76 

10.17 

12.51 

6.33 

14.82 

8.29 

High  Grade  Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 

High  Grade  Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 

High  Grade  Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 

High  Grade  Bor- 
derland Socio- 
paths 


Boys  Court 


Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 


Morals  Court 


Outside   Criminal 
Branches 


158       18.58      9.95    12.28      6.19    14.79      7.81 


See  above 


None 


2933      9.33    11.75      6.00    15.00      7.50 


167       19.15      9.91     12.25      6.14    14.80      7.79 


—  151 


*j 

c 
o 

u    . 

1 

"3 

0) 
<0 

« 

4J 

1 

XX  <o 

*^  . 

tc   . 

bo 

"^ 

•O  to 

■^  to 

rt-o 

d 

to 

Mental  level. 

Court. 

0) 

'0  ^ 

fl." 

««« 

»;:i 

« 

c 

Wl-3 

f!5 

buy 

60  . 
21 

0)  be 

<u  c 

V  c 

®  C 

«9 

V 

o 

>  o 

>  <u 

>  ® 

>  § 

>•§ 

> 

Y. 

-<o 

<H 

<J|S 

<;S 

<;  7} 

< 

High  Grade  Socio- 

Boys Court 

101 

18.40 

9.90 

12.20 

6.10 

14.50 

7.40 

paths  and  Middle 

Grade    Socio- 

paths 

High  Grade  Socio- 

Court of  Domestic 

13 

33.62 

8.77 

11.71 

6.40 

15.75 

7.44 

paths  and  Middle 

Relations 

Grade    Socio- 

paths 

High  Grade  Socio- 

Morals Court 

7 

25.28 

8.71 

12.08 

7.14 

15.43 

7.57 

paths 

High  Grade  Socio- 

Outside Criminal 

11 

25.36 

8.91 

11.47 

6.45 

15.00 

6.20 

paths 

Branches 

132 

18.80 

9.64 

12.08 

6.21 

14.71 

7.31 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 


Boys  Court 


Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

Morals  Court 


Outside  Criminal 
Branches 


133  18.80  9.50  12.06  6.20  14.70  7.20 

14  33.64  8.36  11.36  6.64  14.21  6.21 
13  23.38  9.23  11.30  6.60  14.08  7.54 

15  29.60  8.66  11.67  6.26  14.46  6.62 


175      21.25      9.31     11.91      6.27    14.59       6.90 


High    Grade    Bor- 
dei'land    Morons 

Boys  Court 

31 

18.68 

9.00 

11.80 

6.22 

14.06 

6.50 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland   Morons 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

3 

33.33 

9.33 

11.73 

6.00 

14.00 

6.33 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland   Morons 

Morals  Court 

4 

32.25 

8.75 

11.45 

6.25 

13.25 

4.75 

High   Grade    Bor- 
derland   Morons 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

None 
38 

13.71 

21.27 

8.97 

11.73 

6.20 

6.30 

—  152  — 


^ 

<i-( 

o 

c 

>— » 

r  ^ 

ja 

o 

o 

rt 

a> 

cl 

Si  bl) 

d  iJ 

O  4> 

to^ 

to 

I-. 

O  oj 

•O  bo 

■>->  to 

d  o 

to 

Mental  level. 

Court. 

HI 

o 

<o^ 

a,« 

«« 

?° 

o 

® 

VI 

bCaJ 

rt-- 

ta- 

fci3o 

to^ 

to 

a 

a  o 

tfirt 

=^5 

rt  ^ 

rt 

tiT 

t.  -^ 

>-  ■ti 

u 

^f 

<X>  0£ 

a  C 

(1)  c 

o 

o 

>  o 

>  « 

>■  <^ 

^ 

Z 

<;o 

<^S 

<B 

•<J  m 

< 

High    Grade 
Morons 

High    Grade 
Morons 

High     Grade 
Morons 

High    Grade 
Morons 


Boys  Court 


Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

Morals  Court 


Outside   Criminal 
Branches 


977  18.42  8.71  11.08  6.56  14.29  6.18 

37  32.84  8.44  10.93  6.83  13.74  5.35 

17  26.05  8.75  11.03  6.82  14.59  5.35 

35  26.71  8.37  10.98  7.12  14.88  6.00 

1,066  19.31  8.69  11.07  6.59  14.29  6.13 


Middle  Grade 
Morons 

Middle  Grade 
Morons 

Middle  Grade 
Morons 

Middle  Grade 
Morons 


Boys  Court 


Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

Morals  Court 


Outside  Criminal 
Branches 


304  18.37  7.84  9.69  6.96  13.90  4.86 

13  29.80  8.00  9.76  7.33  13.11  3.75 

13  27.69  7.53  9.76  7.90  13.27  4.54 

18  26.33  8.00  9.77  7.11  14.00  4.53 


348       19.50      7.84      9.70      7.02    13.85      4.79 


Low  Grade  Morons 
Low  Grade  Morons 
Low  Grade  Morons 
Low  Grade  Morons 


Boys  Court 


Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

Morals  Court 


Outside   Criminal 
Branches 


44       18.23  7.13  8.60  7.57  13.62  3.45 

None 

1       22.00  7.00  9.00  6.00  14.00  3.00 

5       22.50  6.20  8.32  8.80  15.00  3.00 


50       18.73      7.03      8.58      7.66    13.76      3.40 


153  — 


SUMMARY    OF    MENTAL   DIAGNOSIS   AND    SCHOOL    RECORDS, 

ALL  COURTS 

May    1,  1914  to  April  30,   1917 
Females 


Mental  level. 

Court. 

m 

O) 

m 
a 
u 

6 

'4, 

c 

s . 

•ss. 

a 

<u  to 
>  o 

to 

^^ 

®  c 

O  QJ 

<0 
<0 

to  . 

® 

tD 

© 

tD    . 

n 

4J 
t 

to 

<a 
bo 

2 

> 

< 

Average     Intelli- 
gence and  High 
Grade      Border- 
land   Sociopaths 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

16 

28.31 

9.75 

12.21 

6.50 

15.00 

8.60 

Average    Intelli- 

Morals Court 

60 

25.22 

9.68 

12.37 

6.22 

15.17 

8.70 

gence 

Average    Intelli- 

Outside Criminal 
Branches 

3 

33.33 

8.66 

12.30 

7.00 

13.00 

gence 

79 

26.15 

9.65 

12.33 

6.31 

15.05 

8.68 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland    Socio- 
paths 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

See 

above 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland    Socio- 
paths 

Morals  Court 

29 

24.14 

9.86 

12.30 

6.17 

14.70 

7.45 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland    Socio- 
paths 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

4 
33 

20.00 

9.75 

11.65 

6.25 

15.75 
14.82 

9.00 

23.43 

9.85 

12.22 

6.18 

7.64 

High    and    Middle 
Grade    Socio- 
paths 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

7 

28.20 

9.00 

11.79 

6.57 

13.86 

6.57 

High   and    Middle 
Grade    Socio- 
paths 

Morals  Court 

29 

25.03 

9.65 

12.08 

6.76 

14.55 

7.14 

High  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

3 
39 

19.30 

9.66 

12.06 

7.33 

13.66 
14.36 

7.66 

25.16 

9.53 

12.03 

6.77 

7.08 

—  154 


Mental  level. 

Court. 

m 

41 

o 
6 

h 

Wo 

>  o 
<o 

1  .' 

>  Ji 

Average  total 
mental  age. 

<u 

« 

be  . 

*^ 

bOo 

a. 

1 

to 

P 
bo 

> 

< 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

12 

29.25 

9.00 

11.73 

7.36 

13.72 

6.36 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Morals  Court 

47 

25.30 

8.87 

11.77 

6.04 

13.90 

6.74 

Low  Grade  Socio- 
paths 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

2 
61 

36.00 

8.00 

11.50 

6.00 

15.00 
'13.90 

6.00 

26.22 

8.87 

11.75 

6.30 

6.64 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland   Morons 
and  High  Grade 
Morons 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

61 

29.58 

8.74 

11.42 

7.02 

13.92 

5.80 

High    Grade    Bor- 
derland   Morons 
and  High  Grade 
Morons 

Morals  Court 

338 

24.99 

8.48 

10.90 

6.67 

14.50 

6.50 

High    Grade    Bor- 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

36 
435 

23.80 

8.42 

10.95 
10.97 

6.67 

14.58 
14.42 

6.15 

and  High  Grade 
Morons 

25.53 

8.51 

6.72 

6.38 

Middle  Grade 
Morons 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

12 

30.78 

7.57 

9.50 

7.00 

13.50 

3.66 

Middle  Grade 
Morons 

Morals  Court 

73 

26.11 

7.71 

9.66 

7.17 

14.03 

4.76 

Middle  Grade 

ATnrnriQ 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

11 
96 

25.45 

7.91 

9.47 

6.27 

13.90 
13.95 

4.80 

26.50 

7.71 

9.62 

7.04 

4.63 

Low  Grade  Morons 

Court  of  Domestic 
Relations 

None 

Low  Grade  Morons 

Morals  Court 

27 

27.20 

6.50 

8.50 

6.51 

13.32 

3.53 

Low  Grade  Morons 

Outside  Criminal 
Branches 

11 
38 

21.64 

6.45 

8.25 

8.10 

14.33 
'l3.60 

3.10 

25.90 

6.48 

8.43 

6.96 

3.38 

—  155 


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to 


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li 


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157 


As  lias  hvvu  saiil  before,  tlic  girl  delinquent  is  the  female  equivalent  of 
the  boy  delinquent;  there  is  a  direct  correlation  between  the  two.  It  is  homo- 
geneous delinquent  material.  The  following  comparison  of  the  mental  group- 
ings of  the  two  illustrates  the  point  clearly. 


High   Grade 

High  and  Middle 

Average 

Borderland 

Grade 

Low  Grade 

Intelligence. 

Sociopaths. 

Sociopaths. 

Sociopaths. 

i 

§ 

§ 

g 

s 

n 

& 

B 

d 

i& 

m 

« 

& 

1 

£ 

•g 

2 

1 

o 

•s 

a 
S 

u 

•s 

a 
S 

1 

S 

ft 

o 

o 

S; 

£ 

^ 

% 

Z 

■< 

6 

Z 

< 

Ph 

z 

-<1 

(U 

^ 

•«) 

0< 

Males: 

Boys  Court 

183 

18.83 

9.19 

177 

18.58 

8.88 

102 

18.40 

5.12 

138 

18.80 

6.% 

Females : 

1 

Morals  Court. . . 

70 

25.22 

10.20 

38 

24.14 

5.54 

44 

25.031  6.41 

46 

25.03 

6.70 

High  Grade 

Borderland 

Morons  and 

Middle  Grade 

Low  Grade 

Idiots  and 

High  Grade 

Morons. 

Morons. 

Imbeciles. 

Morons. 

§ 

s 

S 

§        » 

So 

So 

«       s 

1 

a 

o 

1 

s 

03 

i 

s 

ed 

^ 

1    s 

o 

« 

u 

s 

s 

8 

u 

£ 

R 

o 

& 

5 

s 

o 

o 

s: 

!S 

z 

< 

h 

^ 

< 

b 

Z 

•«1 

£ 

z 

■o 

(U 

Males : 

1 

Boys  Court 

1,082 

18.42 

54.32 

235 

18.37  11.80 

73 

18.23 

3.66 

2 

20.00 

0.1 

Morals  Court.. . 

368 

25.53 

53.64 

87 

26.11  12.68 

32 

27.20 

4.66 

1 

0.14 

It  will  also  be  seen  in  comparing  the  chronological  ages  of  both  groups 
in  the  foregoing  scheme  that  in  spite  of  an  advantage  of  approximately  over 
six  years  chronologically  on  the  side  of  the  girls,  yet  the  mental  ages  remain 
unchanged,  thereby  illustrating  the  important  fact  that  the  mental  arrest  is 
static  in  these  cases.  A  comparison  of  the  chronological  ages  with  the  various 
mental  levels  of  the  diflferent  court  groups  also  brings  this  out.  The  static  mental 
level  registers  our  intellectual  capital  throughout  life  and  whatever  we  put  into  life 
or  get  out  of  it  in  this  respect,  presuming  there  is  a  corresponding  complemental 
affectivity.  will  depend  directly  on  this  level.  Whatever  we  do  in  life  is  an  innate 
matter  and  is  but  an  expression  primarily  of  the  above  two  factors,  intelligence  and 
aflfectivity. 

As  a  further  confirmation  of  the  homogeneity  of  this  material  we  append 
a  comparison  of  the  school  standing  of  both  groups. 


—  158 


Average 
Intelligence. 

High  Grade 
Borderland 
Sociopaths. 

High  and  Middle 

Grade 

Sociopaths. 

Low  Grade 
Sociopaths. 

•§ 

E 
s, 

d 

< 

1 

No.  cases. 
Average  grade. 

1 

4 

I 

•< 

Males : 

Boys  Court 

Females : 

Morals  Court. . . 

166        8.33 
60        8.70 

158 
29 

7.81 
7.45 

101          7.40 

29  1     7.14 

133 
47 

7.20 
6.74 

High  Grade 

Borderland 

Morons  and 

Middle  Grade 

Low  Grade 

High  Grade 

Morons. 

Morons. 

Morons. 

o 

» 

•a 

•o 

fl 

a 

a 

& 

b 

1 

s 

i 

3 

i 

S 

V 

o 

1.1 

o 

o 

o 

g 

» 

< 

^ 

< 

^ 

•< 

Alales: 

Boys  Court  

1,008 

6.19 

304 

4.86 

44 

3.85 

Females : 

Morals  Court. . . 

338 

6.50 

73 

4.76 

27 

3.50 

The  following  table  shows  a  somewhat  similar,  though  not  so  marked, 
homogeneity  of  the  material  seen  between  the  females  of  the  Domestic  Rela- 
tions and  outside  courts. 


High  Grade 

High  and  Middle 

Average 

Borderland 

Grade 

Low  Grade 

Intelligence. 

Sociopaths. 

Sociopaths. 

Sociopaths. 

& 

i 

& 

a! 

i 

1 

§ 

1 

a 
8 

1 

1 

3 

& 

1 

i 

1 

8 

i 

§ 

o 

g 

o 

S 

o 

o 

s 

?.  1    < 

Ph 

5S 

•«! 

h 

A 

< 

cu 

'A 

< 

^4 

Females : 

1 

Court  of  Domes- 

1 

tic  Relations. . 

9  28.31    4.47 

21 

28.31 

10.44 

8 

28.20 

3.98 

13 

29.25 

6.46 

Females : 

Outside       Crim- 

1 

inal    Branches 

3  133.33   4.17 

4 

20.00 

5.55 

3 

19.30 

4.17 

4 

36.00 

5.55 

159 


High    Grade 

norderland 

Morons  and 

High  Grade 

Morons. 

Middle  Grade 
Morons. 

Low  Grade 
Morons. 

d 
55 

1 
1 

a 

i 

d 

% 

to 

2 

g 

< 

i 
1 

i 

1 

1 

i 

0) 

Females : 
Court  of  Domes- 
tic Relations.. 

99 

29.58 

49.25 

28 

30.78 

13.93 

21 

28.26 

10.44 

Outside       Crim- 
inal   Branches 

36 

23.80 

50.00 

11 

24.45 

15.28 

11 

21.64 

15.28 

In  some  instances  it  will  be  seen  that  the  average  total  mental  age  of 
certain  groups  tends  to  run  lower  than  the  arbitrary  boundaries  set  for  such 
groups.  This  is  due  to  the  presence  of  many  prsecox  cases  more  or  less  out- 
spokenly katatonic,  with  marked  resistance,  negativism,  etc.,  who  in  spite 
of  excellent  intelligence  make  a  poorer  showing  on  the  Binet-Simon  scale 
than  their  real  intelligence  would  justify.  We,  however,  for  technical  reasons, 
carry  out  the  test  and  mark  it  with  always  the  same  uniformity,  at  the  same 
time  noting  such  disturbing  factors.  With  these  data  and  our  other  tests  we 
are  able  to  circumvent  this  imperfection  of  the  Binet-Simon  scale.  It  is  only 
necessary  to  test  an  intelligent  individual  when  he  is  more  or  less  katatonic, 
resistant,  negative,  etc.,  and  again  when  he  is  not,  to  see  what  a  difference 
it  makes  in  his  scoring  on  the  Binet-Simon  and  similar  scales.  Such  scales 
likewise  do  not  dififcrentiate  between  the  amentia  of  feeble-mindedness,  for 
instance,  and  the  dementia  of  a  paretic,  though  there  may  be  all  the  difference 
in  the  world  between  the  two  conditions.  The  latter  may  have  been  an  in- 
dividual of  the  highest  attainments,  but  because  of  his  disease,  with  its  dementing 
processes,  he  would  make  a  poorer  and  poorer  showing  on  such  scales,  pari  passu 
with  the  progress  of  the  disease,  and  as  far  as  quantitative  scoring  goes  would 
make  a  showing  corresponding  to  the  various  degrees  of  amentia  of  those  who 
never  had  minds.  There  are  also  qualitative  dififerences  on  the  scale  between 
these  conditions  that  help  to  dififcrentiate  them,  all  of  which  facts,  among  other 
indications,  admonish  us  of  the  necessity  that  all  those  giving  tests  should  be 
trained  in  their  technique  by  psj'chopathologists. 

In  this  report  we  have  only  included  cases  of  psychopathy  when  the 
symptoms  were  fairly  outspoken.  In  future  reports  we  will  also  include  those 
diagnosed  as  dementia  pra;cox  simplex,  or  predementia  praecox,  or  so-called  latent 
dementia  praecox. 

The  conclusions  that  we  draw  from  our  daily  intimate  contact  and  study 
are  briefly  discussed  in  the  following  pages.  Expressed  in  general  terms, 
we  are  more  and  more  convinced  that  psychopathy  determines  crime  and 
intelligence  defect  the  nature  of  it;  by  psychopathy  we  mean  more  especially 
psychopathic  constitution,  dementia  pra;cox  and  pfropfhebephrenia,  though 
paresis  and  much  more  rarely  epilepsy  also  play  a  role  in  a  small  percentage 
of  cases.  "The  Relation  of  Pfropfhebephrenia  and  Dementia  Praecox  to 
Crime"  was  discussed  by  us  in  a  paper  read  at  the  annual  meeting  of  Alienists 


—  160  — 


and    Neurologists,    in   July,    1915,   which   appeared    in    the    October    number,    1915, 
of  the  Illinois  Medical  Journal. 

Feeble-mindedness  is  also  responsible  for  a  certain  percentage  of  crime. 
The  feeble-minded  are  easily  led  and  they  are  more  in  the  nature  of  passive 
criminals,  in  contrast  to  the  prrccox,  whom  we  may  regard  in  the  light  of 
more  active  criminals ;  that  is,  psychopathy  more  actively  determines  crime 
and  feeblemindedness  determines  it  more  passively.  Many  of  our  prsecox  boys 
and  girls  are  repeated  delinquents,  which  is  not  true  to  nearly  the  same  extent 
of  the  feeble-minded,  who  are  almost  always  activated  by  economic  difficulties, 
or  led  by  others.  Those  with  combined  defect  are  indeed  bad  off,  the  blind 
leading  the  blind.  We  are,  therefore,  able  to  predict  that,  with  the  exception 
of  the  lightest  grade  cases  of  dementia  pr.Tcox  and  the  higher  grades  of  the 
feeble-minded  who  make  up  the  occasional  criminal,  the  others  are  all  marked 
for  failure.  They  cannot  adjust  themselves  to  a  normal  environment;  their 
plight  is  just  that  much  worse  if  they  are  both  feeble-minded  and  prrecox. 
This  of  course  is  only  true  if  they  are  thrown  out  on  the  world  and  placed 
on  their  own  resources  and  responsibility.  In  a  protected  or  semi-prDtected 
environment,  depending  on  the  degree  of  defect  (there  being  many  degrees 
and  combinations),  it  may  never  come  to  the  place  where  they  get  into  the 
toils  of  the  law,  though  we  have  known  of  the  most  highly  respected  per- 
sonages of  the  greatest  talents  and  intellectual  abilities  who  secretly  carried 
on  unmentionable  practices  (which  symptom  is  very  common  with  the  prjecox) 
and  questionable  enterprises,  but  in  one  way  or  another  have  been  able  to 
circumvent  the  law.  We  have  been  able  to  follow  the  offspring  in  many 
instances  of  these  men  and  women,  and  while  a  certain  perc(.*nlage  were  not 
confined  to  asylums,  but  in  many  cases  should  have  been,  others  were  so  bad 
that  they  spent  most  of  their  lives  there. 

The  dementia  pra?cox  question  is  one  of  the  most  portentous  socially, 
economically  and  criminally,  that  civilization  has  to  deal  with.  It  is  not  only 
responsible  for  much  of  the  work  of  the  criminal  branches  of  our  courts,  but 
also  for  a  great  deal  of  that  in  our  civil  branches.  It  is  responsible  for 
a  goodly  number  of  divorces;  many  of  the  divorcees  coming  before  the 
courts  of  Conk  County  have  already  been  in  one  of  the  specialized  branches 
of  the  Municipal  Court,  chiefly  the  Domestic  Relations  Branch.  We  get 
numerous  requests  to  go  to  other  courts  to  testify  in  divorce  and  other  civil 
cases  on  the  results  of  examinations  made  on  one  or  the  other  or  both  parties, 
in  some  instances  on  examinations  made  as  much  as  three  years  previously. 
The  dementia  praecox  querulans  cases  in  the  courts  are  becoming  better  known 
and  oftener  recognized.  These  individuals  will  start  as  high  as  twenty- 
five  and  even  a  hundred  dififerent  law  suits,  spending  months  and  even  years, 
squandering  the  savings  of  years  of  toil  in  trying  to  attain  redress  for  imaginary 
wrongs  and  injustices.  Lawyers  are  beginning  to  recognize  them  and  con- 
scientious lawyers  have  had  us  examine  their  clients  on  several  occasions. 
Praecox  cases  come  into  court  for  all  sorts  of  warrants,  from  white  slavery 
to  breach  of  promise,  but  the  judges,  court  attaches  and  prosecuting  attorneys 
are  beginning  to  recognize  this  type,  and  send  them  to  the  laboratory.  When 
their  suspicions  are  confirmed  they  turn  the  cases  away  and  save  the  city  and 
state  considerable  expense,  to  say  nothing  of  the  embarrassment  and  cost  to 
the  innocent  victim.  The  Army  and  Navy  have  their  hands  full  witli  their 
praecox  cases,  not  always  recognized  as  such.  Praecox  cases  are  responsible  for 
much  of  life's  friction. 

—  .161  — 


Our  lai-KC  |)liiI:iiillir()|)io  foimdalioii;,  .slwuild  put  tlie  strongest  men  they  can 
get  to  work  on  tliis  problem,  medical  men  who  are  thoroughly  familiar  with 
neurology,  psychiatry  and  psychology,  who  have  lived  in  institutions  for  the 
feeble-minded  and  insane,  and  are  fitted  to  undertake  such  important  work. 
The  feeble-minded  question  is  also  important,  though  not  nearly  so  much  so 
as  the  pra-cox;  they  should  be  studied  together  as  they  have  much  in  common 
and    are    so  often    found   combined. 

The  heredity  studies  of  the  laboratory  demonstrate  that  sources  of  psycho- 
pathic constitution,  dementia  przecox  and  feeble-mindedness  are  practically 
always  hereditary.  This  is  the  case  even  where  we  find  feeble-mindedness 
which  might  be  attributed  to  an  injury  or  infection,  for  there  is  every  reason 
to  believe,  unless  the  injury  or  infection  was  unusually  severe,  that  the  normal 
factors  of  safety  were  lacking  in  that  particular  nervous  tissue.  The  causes 
of  these  momentous  factors  which  we  are  finding  from  our  studies  to  be  at 
the  bottom  of  all  of  the  fundamental  crimes,  of  dependency,  alcoholism,  deser- 
tion of  wife  and  family,  etc.,  should  be  investigated.  It  is  not  enough  just  to 
say  it  is  hereditary.  Research  on  the  brain  along  these  lines  should  be 
established.  One  of  the  prolific  original  hereditary  sources  in  this  country 
which  we  think  makes  itself  felt  to  this  day  even,  was  the  large  percentage 
of  delinquents  deported  to  this  country  during  the  days  of  colonization.  At 
that  time  thousands  of  such  unfortunates  were  deported  to  America  yearly; 
vagrants,  ne'er-do-wells,  women  of  the  streets  and  boys  and  girls  of  the 
slums  and  alleys.  The  wretched  history  and  failures  of  these  unfortunates  in  try- 
ing to  establisli  themselves  here  and  in  convict  colonies  in  other  countries  leads  to 
but  one  conclusion,  that  then  as  now  delinquency  and  defectiveness  were  synony- 
mous. Psychiatrists  should  examine  all  immigrants  for  the  psj'choses  and  feeble- 
mindedness as  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  percentage  of  immigrants 
with  such  heredity  who  have  been  unloaded  upon  this  country  is  quite  high. 

The  question  of  nature  versus  nurture,  of  heredity  versus  environment, 
is  still  occupying  the  attention  of  numerous  investigators.  The  work  of  the 
laboratory  convinces  us  more  and  more  that  the  hereditary  constitutional 
make-up  of  the  individual  is  intrinsic  to  the  question  of  criminality,  dependency, 
alcoholism,  etc.,  and  environment  is  only  extrinsic.  We  have  discussed  this 
somewhat  more  fully  than  the  limits  of  this  report  will  allow  us  to  do  in  an 
address  on  "Psychiatry  and  Sociology"  given  before  the  Alienists  and  Neu- 
rologists at  their  annual  meeting,  July,  1917,  and  published  in  the  October, 
1917,  number  of  The  Journal  of  Sociologic  Medicine. 

The  environmentalists  have  made  the  same  mistake  as  the  law ;  they  have 
delved  into  everything  of  an  objective  nature,  but  have  totally  neglected  the 
subjective  side,  the  individual  himself,  the  one  that  it  is  all  about.  The  mass 
of  detail,  all  of  an  objective  nature,  collected  by  many  social  organizations,  is 
tremendous,  representing  year,s  of  labor  and  energy  and  large  sums  of  money, 
but  all  to  no  avail.  They  can  tell  you  how  many  saloons  and  poolrooms  there 
are  to  a  block,  how  many  back  rooms  and  how  many  front  rooms.  After  the 
psychopathologist  has  examined  a  case,  the  environment  and  habits  and 
possibilities  can  be  much  better  predicted  and  approximated  in  all  'directions 
beyond  anything  that  can  compare  with  it  by  the  objective  method. 

One  prominent  social  worker  attributed  practically  all  crime,  dependency. 
family  desertion,  alcoholism,  irregular  employment,  idleness  and  the  like  to 
low  wages,  suggesting  as  a   panacea   for  all   these,  higher  wages.     There  are 

—  162  — 


very  lew,  indeed,  but  would  like  U)  see  larger  iiicuiiies  assured  to  these  un- 
fortunates, but  first  of  all  a  conservator  should  be  appointed,  as  every  ex- 
perienced social  worker  knows  how  little  such  persons  are  able  to  manage 
their  affairs  with  any  prudence.  There  are  whole  groups  of  firms  which  prey 
on  the  mentallj'  defective,  gew-gaw  houses,  loan  sharks,  installment  houses 
and  others.  Some  exist  more  or  less  exclusively  on  them.  Organizations  and 
the  professions  are  not  entirely  free  of  such  conduct  either.  The  defectives 
are   exploited  from   every  angle  and  under   every  guise   and   disguise. 

Such  a  scheme,  however,  if  the  findings  of  the  laboratory  are  correct,  will 
only  take  care  of  a  small  percentage  of  dependency  and  is  more  or  less  imprac- 
ticable, and  it  will  not  eliminate  the  other  undesirable  features.  At  most  it 
can  only  eliminate  a  very  small  percentage  of  crime  due  exclusively  to  an 
economic  cause  in  a  defective  individual;  it  will  not  eliminate  that  other  large 
percentage  which  is  due  to  dementia  prxcox  and  feeblc-mindedness  per  se : 
it  will  not  eliminate  idleness,  alcoholism^  etc. 

The  debtors'  prison,  indigenous  to  England  and  transplanted  to  our  soil, 
but  now  happily  extinct,  was  a  rendezvous  for  the  feeble-minded  and  praecox. 
though  unfortunately  prototypes  similarly  inhuman  have  taken  their  place. 
Mental  defectives  furnish  much  of  the  material  that  goes  to  fill  our  daily 
papers.  It  would  advance  the  cause  of  behavior  psychology  and  sociopatho- 
logy  very  much   if  the  papers  would   also  publish   the  diagnoses. 

Environment  is  man-made,  made  by  dominants  for  dominants,  with  little 
consideration  for  the  recessives  who  are  represented  in  the  population  numer- 
ically at  about  two  per  cent,  but  in  the  matter  of  cost  in  taxes  at  anj-wliere 
from  twenty-five  to  fifty  per  cent,  which  only  covers  the  public  institutions  for 
the  insane  and  feeble-minded.  It  is  hard  to  estimate  their  cost  in  indirect 
taxation  such  as  the  police  and  detective  forces,  courts,  prisons,  jails,  reform- 
atories, the  various  eleemosynary  institutions,  etc.  Then  there  is  their  waste 
and  damage  industrially  and  elsewhere,  and  the  general  friction  and  disorder 
and  accidents  for  which  they  are  responsible.  Environment  being  man-made, 
by  dominants  for  dominants,  and  consequently  fitting  them,  gives  them  a 
relative  degree  of  freedom  which  is  denied  the  recessives  on  whom  it  exerts 
restrictions,  whom  it  relatively  determines.  We  have  seen  a  comparative  but 
an  attenuated  example  of  such  dominancy  in  another  field  in  the  way  of  oppres- 
sions, exactions,  proscriptions,  inhibitions,  etc..  before  women  became 
emancipated.  It  will  now  be  interesting  to  see  if  the  latter  will  reverse  the 
rule  and  stoop  down  and  extend  the  hand  of  help  to  others  in  a  like  predica- 
ment in  another  sphere,  but  many  many  times  worse  off  and  helpless,  and  try 
to  bring  light  and  understanding  into  their  lives  appropriate  to  their  particular 
needs. 

We  see  the  positive  criminal  element  in  the  defectives  when  we  study  them 
in  childhood,  in  their  y(nmgest,  tcnderest  years.  We  are  consulted  almost 
daily  by  parents  and  guardians  having  children  five  or  six  years  old  who  are 
incorrigible.  They  are  typical  prsecox  children,  some  with  intelligence  defect, 
many  without  or  only  qualitatively  present,  cases  whose  mental  arrest  will 
set  in  much  later.  Many  of  these  children  are  raised  in  the  most  favorable 
environment  possible.  Invariably  there  is  an  all-sufficient  heredity  to  account 
for  it.  We  will  see  these  cases  in  the  same  household  with  brothers  and 
sisters  who,  through  the  working  of  recessive  and  dominant  heredity  factors, 
may  be  normal  and  a  blessing  to  their  parents.  Where  both  parents  are 
defective,  we  find  all  the  children  defective     We  have  seen  adopted  children 

—  163  — 


witli  l)a(l  luTodity  raised  amid  tlic  most  desirable  envirunmcnt  turn  out  l^idly, 
raised  as  they  are  in  many  instances  in  tlic  same  surroundings  alongside  of 
children  with  good  heredity  who  turned  out  well.  No  child  should  be  adopted 
without  first  being  certified  to  for  it  only  leads  in  the  end,  in  the  vast  majority 
of  cases,  to  heartaches  for  the  child  as  well  as  the  foster  parents.  Adoption 
is  a  highly  commendable  practice  where  the  children  are  normal. 

Mental  defectiveness  is  hereditary  and  constitutional  and  consequently 
not  amenable  to  our  preachings,  asylums,  hospitals,  reformatories  and  peniten- 
tiaries. Medicine  is  realizing  more  and  more  every  day  that  her  success  lies 
in  prevention  more  than  cure.  We  have  yet  but  few  specifics,  and  of  all 
refractory  fields  of  treatment  that  of  mental  diseases  is  undoubtedly  the  worst. 
About  twenty-five  per  cent  of  admissions  to  insane  asylums  are  made  up  of 
paretics,  all  of  whom  die  on  an  average  within  a  year  or  a  year  and  a  half  of 
admission.  Sixty-five  per  cent  of  the  inmates  of  insane  asylums  are  dementia 
pra;cox  cases,  though  the  admission  rate  is  much  below  this,  which  goes  to 
show  how  few  are  paroled,  to  say  nothing  of  cure.  The  balance  are  made 
up  of  senile  dements,  who  are  permanent  custodial  cases,  manic-depressives 
who  are     in  and  out,  epileptics,  etc. 

The  remarks  of  a  recent  writer  in  regard  to  medicine  might  equally  well 
apply  to  law,  namely,  that  it  was  "born  in  ignorance,  nourished  on  super- 
stition, clotted  with  mysterious  rites  and  ceremonies;  medicine  has  had  a  hard 
task  to  free  itself  from  hereditary  and  environmental  influences."  Psycho- 
logically a  hopeless  stage  is  prerequisite  to  a  hopeful  stage.  It  is  always  darkest 
just  before  the  dawn  and  the  day  that  was  most  hopeless  for  medicine,  the  daj- 
it  realized  its  impotency  before  disease,  was  the  day  preventive  medicine  was 
born  and  medicine  became  a  science  and  was  given  a  firm  footing  and  future. 

The  same  will  be  true  of  criminology.  The  day  we  recognize  our  limita- 
tions in  the  matter  of  eliminating  crime  by  our  present  methods  of  locking  the 
stable  after  the  horse  is  stolen,  so  we  too,  like  medicine,  will  face  the  true 
facts,  drop  our  subterfuges  and  acknowledge  our  impotency  in  this  direction, 
seek  the  truth  and  thus  place  criminology  on  a  firm,  scientific  basis,  assure 
healthy  progress  and  attain  "preventive  delinquency."  We  use  the  latter  word 
to  emphasize  the  fact  that  while  it  is  an  inclusion  of  the  law,  intrinsically  it 
is  a  matter  of  psychopathy.  We  must  ever  bear  in  mind  that  each  year  a  new 
quota  of  defectives  are  born  with  statistical  regularity,  they  pass  through  the 
hands  of  parents,  then  the  pedagogues,  the  theologians,  the  physicians,  the 
social  workers,  the  employers,  the  courts,  the  prisons,  and  back  on  society, 
each  one  in  turn  passing  them  up  to  the  next,  and  no  one  willing  to  acknowl- 
edge their  impotency  in  the  face  of  mental  defectiveness. 

The  older  forensic  psychiatry  could  not  help  but  be  in  disrepute,  for  it 
was  illogical  and  fundamentally  wrong.  Its  aim  was  to  find  a  man  irresponsible 
and  then  set  him  free;  to  turn  a  man  loose  that  they  had  just  declared  to  be 
irresponsible.  The  idea  was  also  to  evade  the  alternative  commitment  to  an 
asylum  wherever  possible.  None  the  less  absurd  was  the  custom  in  an  un- 
fortunately large  percentage  of  instances,  of  a  court  of  laymen  trying  the 
experts  and  their  findings,  each  side  laying  itself  out  to  be  "smarter"  than 
the  other.  In  Illinois  where  the  jury  is  judge  of  both  fact  and  law,  we  hear 
constant  protests  against  it,  and  with  justice,  from  the  bar.  The  latter  should 
therefore  bear  more  with  the  protests  of  the  physician  along  the  same  lines. 

—  164  — 


Judge  Scully,  who  was  on  the  Municipal  Court  Judges'  Coniniittce  that 
assisted  Chief  Justice  Olson  in  the  establishment  of  the  Psychopathic  Labora- 
tory, and  was  the  first  judge  of  the  Boys  Court  and  the  first  in  the  court  to 
work  with  the  laboratory,  clearly  perceived  the  necessity  for  expert  advice  in 
matters  of  psychopathology  and  therefore,  recognizing  the  incongruity  of  hav- 
ing a  lay  jury  pass  on  cases  of  mental  alienation,  one  of  his  first  innovations 
after  taking  his  seat  as  County  Judge  was  to  change  this  custom  and  select 
experts  instead  for  this  important  work.  P'ven  in  the  simplest  manual  trades 
specialization  is  recognized  and  trades  unions  have  a  law  that  will  not  allow 
a  man  trained  in  one  line  to  undertake  work  in  another,  which  in  nine  cases 
out  of  ten  he  would  bungle.  The  principle  involved  here  is  sound.  Something 
similar  will  have  to  be  evolved  for  the  professions  if  men  continue  to  seize 
positions  to  which  they  are  not  entitled,  either  by  training  or  experience, 
bringing  discredit  not  only  on   the   profession   but  eventually  on  themselves. 

Modern  psychiatry  overcomes  the  first  illogicality,  previously  mentioned, 
of  the  present  "expert"  system  by  recognizing  that  the  very  fact  of  declaring 
a  man  irresponsible  automatically  declares  him  to  be  in  need  of  custodial  care 
or,  rarely,  supervision,  and  in  consequence  we  have  the  present  movement  for 
the  right  kind  of  institutions,  such  as  farm  colonies,  to  help  advance  this  cause. 
The  second  objection  is  overcome  by  the  continental  method  in  which  the 
expert  examines  the  case  and  then  renders  a  written  report  to  the  court.  If 
the  court  is  not  satisfied  with  this  report  for  any  reason  an  examination  by  a 
second  expert  may  be  called  for  and  if  these  disagree  a  third  can  be  called 
on  as  final  referee.  In  the  hundreds  of  cases,  however,  in  which  I  was  either 
directly  or  indirectly  interested,  I  only  knew  of  two  instances  where  a  third 
referee  had  to  be  called  upon.  This  procedure  puts  the  expert  on  permanent 
record,  it  saves  endless  hours  for  all  concerned  and  much  expense,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  furtherance  of  justice.  It  will  be  physically  impossible  for  the 
director  of  a  laboratory  that  is  at  all  busy  to  hang  around  different  courts 
waiting  for  a  case  to  be  called,  perhaps  in  courts  in  various  parts  of  the  city. 
After  the  first  batch  was  examined  be  would  soon  have  no  cases  to  report  on, 
due  to  extended  absences  from  the  laboratory. 

The  state  is  always  financially  able  to  engage  experts,  but  the  vast  ma- 
jority of  cases  coming  into  our  criminal  courts,  be  their  cause  ever  so  just,  be 
they  ever  so  irresponsible  and  in  need  of  hospital  care,  cannot  afford  the 
experts  necessary  to  assure  them  justice.  The  psychopathic  laboratory  puts 
the  rich  and  poor  on  an  equality  in  securing  justice  along  these  lines,  as  well 
as  furnishing  medical  examinations  and  certificates  for  the  innumerable 
occasions  in  which  they  are  called  for  in  court.  It  is  a  great  saving  to  the 
public  as  these  resources  are  at  the  command  of  both  sides  equally. 

For  the  sake  of  justice  such  laboratories  should  be  operated  in  connection 
with  all  court  systems.  The  plan  has  many  other  advantages.  It  can  settle 
the  numerous  medical  questions  constantly  arising  in  the  course  of  lawsuits, 
thereby  expediting  justice  and  preventing  unnecessary  delays  and  continuances. 
It  can  suggest  treatment,  hospitals,  etc.,  advise  the  judge  as  to  the  status  of 
mental  cases,  whether  or  not  they  are  ready  for  commitment,  and  to  commit 
those  in  need  of  it.  We  have  committed  as  high  as  ten  cases  a  day.  The 
saving  in  cost  of  trials,  life  and  property  to  the  city  on  the  cases  committed 
by  the  laboratory  each  week  cannot  be  reckoned  in  money — put  it  on  such 
a  basis,   it   is   much   more   than   the   cost   of  the  laboratory   for  a  year.     The 

—  165  — 


ljr«)cc(liire  cf  rciKkTiiiK  wrUHii  ifijnrls  '>n  ca-cs  l)otli  in  the  Municipal  Court 
;ukI  other  courts  is  working  very  satisfactorily.  It  undoubtedly  is  the  solution 
of  the  medical  expert  problem,  and  should  be  extended  to  other  branches.  It 
has  worked  satisfactorily  on  the  Continent  for  years. 

The  services  of  a  physician  arc  daily  in  demand  for  first  aid  and  emergency 
treatment  in  large  court  systems  where  thousands  of  people  congregate  daily 
luiilir  the  most  trying  of  circumstances. 

Not  the  least  of  the  many  fields  of  usefulness  of  the  psychopathological 
laboratory  will  be  its  contributions  to  legislation  concerning  human  conduct 
and  relationships.  Such  human  laboratories  are  essentially  necessary  for 
intelligent  data  on  which  to  base  future  social  legislation.  Medicine  at  one 
lime  treated  diseased  individuals  as  the  law  does  its  criminals  now,  under  an 
objective  blanket  scheme  of  cure,  the  fallacy  of  which  was  eventually  dis- 
covered, just  as  we  are  discovering  it  in  law,  and  the  watchword  became  "treat 
the  case,"  "treat  the  individual,"  which  was  the  preliminary  step  to  the  adop- 
tion of  "preventive  medicine,"  just  as  it  is  leading  in  its  turn  to  "preventive 
law,"  or  preferably,  "preventive  delinquency." 

Many  of  the  suggestions  trought  forth  in  this  report  may  seem  to  be, 
or  are,  in  conflict  with  our  present  laws  but  we  want  to  go  on  record  as  having 
the  highest  respect  for  the  law,  and  appreciation  of  its  raison  d'etre,  especially 
where  it  is  based  on  intelligent  premises,  even  though  it  be  not  always  perfect, 
so  long  as  the  bases  on  which  it  is  founded  are  the  last  word  obtainable  on 
the  subject.  We  think  one  of  the  big  mistakes  that  is  being  propagated  in  the 
law,  especially  in  the  matter  of  what  is  known  as  forensic  psychiatry,  is  that 
practically  all  the  efforts  of  committees  and  individuals  that  have  been  working 
for  betterment  in  this  field  have  made  the  existing  laws  basic  to  their  efforts 
as  though  they  were  the  most  scientific  and  advanced  development  in  the 
various  correlated  sciences  that  underlj'  them,  as  though  they  were  the  last 
word  on  the  subject,  the  ultima  Thulc,  when  as  a  matter  of  fact  they  are  quite 
the  contrary,  and  thus  we  see  them  striving  and  straining,  twisting  and  turning, 
struggling  to  square  up  modern  scientific  knowledge  with  the  archaic  and 
obsolete  encumbrances  of  spirit  and  tradition  of  the  ancients,  to  bring  the 
newer  scientific  knowledge  into  harmony  with  the  old  largely  unscientific 
accumulation,  as  though  men  were  made  for  laws  and  not  the  laws  for  men, 
as  though  they  were  above  and  beyond  men  and  not  of  and  for  men. 

Whether  it  is  in  the  organic  world  or  the  inorganic  we  are  beginning  to 
realize  through  costly  experience  that  we  cannot  depose  natural  phenomena 
by  our  will,  be  it  as  forceful  as  you  please.  We  have  therefore  proceeded  in 
our  investigations  without  the  present  law  as  our  monitor,  concerning  our- 
selves principally  with  its  basic  problems. 

It  was  a  naive  turn  of  mind  that  led  many  of  the  old-time  physicians  to 
believe  in  medicine  and  more  medicine,  that  if  a  small  dose  would  do  some 
good,  larger  doses  would  do  good  in  proportion;  scientific  medicine,  through 
research  and  the  controlled  experiment  of  the  laborator}%  shows  that  the 
underlying  laws  and  principles  are  not  so  simple  and  convenient  as  such  a 
principle  would  be.  Intuitive  thinking  has  its  place,  but  attempting  to  reason 
by  means  of  our  feelings  leads  us  often  very  far  astray.  Those  of  us  who 
are  anxious  to  improve  the  laws,  who  are  doing  laboratory  experiment  and 
research  in  this  field,  realize  that  it  is  not  law  and  more  law  that  is  the 
solution  of  our  problems,  but  that  the  principles  involved  are  here  too  not  so 

—  166  — 


I 


simple  and  require  intelligent  investigation  and  understanding  for  their  formu- 
lation and  promulgation.  Our  laws,  customs,  morals,  etc.,  are  but  reflections  of 
ourselves, — the  mass.  They  make  everything  after  their  own  image  and  likeness, 
not  excepting  the  Omnipotence.  The  antidote  to  this  is  more  play  for  science  and 
specialization. 

No  laws  dealing  with  sociological  affairs  should  be  enacted  by  the  legis- 
lature before  they  have  been  submitted,  approved,  or  amended  by  a  committee 
of  paid  experts,  representing  the  fields  of  law,  medicine,  especially  psycho- 
pathology,  sociology,  etc.  Thus  will  much  of  our  present  difficulty  in  the 
matter  of  law,  its  inefficacy,  etc.,  be  anticipated.  Social  laws  should  be  reviewed 
in  the  light  of  advancing  knowledge  in  correlated  and  basic  fields,  and  keep 
pace  with  it  as  often  as  is  consistent  with  sufficient  stability,  thus  will  the 
scientific  administration  of  justice  be  encouraged. 

After  all,  the  problem  is  primarily  and  essentially  a  (juestion  of  psycho- 
pathology.  The  correlations  between  such  a  laboratory  and  the  law  will 
reach  from  the  handling  of  the  fundamental  crimes  to  the  making  of  laws 
concerning  divorce,  separation,  bastardy,  etc.  It  is  only  necessary  to  glance 
over  our  records  to  see  the  high  percentage  of  our  forced  marriages  in  the 
bastardy  (Domestic  Relations)  and  Morals  courts,  that  later  reappear  in 
court  and  eventually  end  in  separation,  desertion,  and  divorce,  in  man}-  in- 
stances with  a  new  generation  started  to  keep  the  unholy  work  going.  It  is 
not  a  clear  babbling  brook  that  turns  the  crnirt  mill,  but  a  turgid,  mad.  muddy 
stream. 

The  only  practical  solution  we  see  at  present  for  the  treatment  of  these 
^ases  after  they  are  recognized  is  farm  and  industrial  colonies,  community 
centers  in  the  country,  as  extensive  as  possible,  built  on  the  order  of  detention 
camps.  Such  colonics  should  be  laid  out  in  the  order  of  a  small  model  com- 
munity, with  administration  building,  and  cottages  for  the  executives  and 
inmates,  with  its  industrial,  farm,  amusement,  hospital,  living  and  other  sec- 
tions. The}'  can  l)e  laid  out  and  built  up  gradually  by  the  inmates  themselves 
after  the  first  buildings  are  completed.  This  will  be  the  home  colon}'.  The 
buildings  should  be  hygienic  and  comfortable  and  built  to  have  a  life  of  from 
twenty  to  twenty-five  years  as  experience  shows  that  in  the  course  of  time 
most  institutions  have  quite  a  community  grow  up  about  them,  with  a  con- 
siderable enhancement  in  the  value  of  the  real  estate,  and  with  such  buildings 
as  we  have  described,  when  this  time  comes  the  property  can  be  disposed  of 
to  good  advantage  by  the  state  and  a  new  colony  grounded  in  another  un- 
developed section  where  the  land  is  in  need  of  cleaning  and  draining,  and  can 
be  obtained  at  a  low  price. 

There  should  also  be  portable  colonies,  which  could  be  sent  out  to  various  parts 
of  the  state  to  redeem  and  cultivate  land  and  construct  roads,  as  well  as  carry 
on  such  forestry,  agricultural  and  industrial  development  as  will  appear  feasible  as 
the  colony  plan  develops. 

Psychiatrists  should  be  consulted  in  every  step  of  the  laying  out  and 
planning  of  the  grounds  and  buildings  of  such  an  internment  camp.  It  must 
be  under  the  direction  of  a  psychiatrist  and  manned  by  psychiatrists,  on  account 
uf  the  nature  and  handling  of  the  material  that  it  will  harbor.  It  should  be 
arranged  so  that  the  unfortunates  committed  to  it  will  be  made  just  as  happy 
and  comfortable  as  it  is  possible  to  make  them,  and  in  this  way  commitments 
to  such  an  institution  will  not  be  fought  by  friends  and  relatives  of  persons 
that  should  be  sent  there,  but  on  the  contrary,  when  the  mental  defectiveness 
<if  their  children  and  its  invariable  consequences  arc  made  known  to  them,  if 

—  J67  — 


tlify  arc  not  able  to  provide  custodial  care  themselves,  they  will  voluntarily 
commit  tlicir  children  to  such  an  institution.  For  the  majority  of  cases  it  will 
nu-an  for  life,  but  there  is  a  certain  percentage  of  the  higher  grade  cases  that 
after  a  certain  number  of  years  might  be  examined  by  a  board  of  psychiatrists 
to  consider  parole.  They  could  be  paroled  first  to  families  in  the  country  or 
town,  depending  on  the  line  of  work  they  became  most  useful  in  while  in  the 
colony,  and  if  worthy,  eventually  be  given  a  full  discharge.  It  is  found  that 
a  certain  number  of  cases,  mostly  lighter  grades  of  prsecox,  after  they  pass 
what  is  known  as  the  Sturm  und  Drang  period  of  life,  the  stress  period,  the 
period  of  inward  and  outward  stress,  anywhere  between  the  ages  of  18  and  40, 
settle  down  and  become  quite  passive.  The  necessity  for  sterilization  before 
parole  will  have  to  be  considered,  though  the  isolation  of  such  defectives  will 
eliminate  the  largest  source  of  propagation  of  defectiveness  with  its  con- 
comitant delinquency. 

In  such  colonies  they  wilt  have  economic  wortli,  while  on  the  outside  they 
are  an  economic  burden.  They  are  responsible  for  most  of  the  accidents  on 
land  and  sea,  for  wastage,  loss,  theft  and  bad  morale.  They  are  undependable, 
work  irregularly,  always  changing  employment,  and  they  make  up  the  bulk  of 
the  army  of  the  unemployable.  The  colony  proposition  is  logically  a  national 
one,  but  under  our  system  of  government  it  will  have  to  be  dealt  with  by 
the  states.  Such  colonies  will  be  provided  with  laboratories  for  brain  and 
other  research  and  will  thus  indirectly  contribute  much  to  the  advancement  of 
science  and  the  benefit  of  society. 

There  is  a  small  but  sufficiently  numerous  group,  however,  that  will  justify 
another  line  of  treatment;  this  is  the  light  borderland  type  who  only  occasion- 
ally succumb  to  delinquency,  who  might  be  redeemed  to  socio-economic  use- 
fulness when  encouraged  and  advised  by  properly  trained  social  workers.  It 
might  be  well  where  such  individuals  have  no  home  of  their  own  to  provide 
appropriate  quarters  and  dormitories  for  them,  enlarging  and  utilizing  the 
present  social  service  centers  for  such  a  purpose.  Paroled  cases  from  the 
colonies  could  also  be  provided  with  quarters  there  while  they  were  rehabilitat- 
ing themselves.  A  certain  amount  of  so-called  criminality  will  be  eliminated 
through  more  intelligent  regulation  and  control. 

Again  we  must  reiterate  in  closing  that  all  this  change  will  not  be  ac- 
complished at  once;  it  will  have  to  be  gradual.  First  we  came  to  recognize 
mental  defectiveness  as  a  disease  and  disorder;  then  as  exculpatory  in 
delinquency:  and  now  we  arc  beginning,  pari  passu  with  our  advancing 
knowledge  in  psychopathology,  to  advance  also  in  further  recognizing  and 
accustoming  ourselves  to  the  intimate  positive  correlation  between  psycho- 
p'athology  and  delinquency.  It  will  only  be  a  question  of  time  until  one  of 
the  great  advantages  psychopathology  has  over  the  law,  namely,  anticipation 
of  crime,  will  come  into  its  own.  At  present  the  law  is  constrained  to  wait 
until  a  crime  has  been  committed,  but  psychopathology  will  recognize  and 
isolate  all  potential  criminals,  mental  defectives,  before  they  enact  their 
depredations.  In  fact,  we  are  applying  this  principle  now  in  committing  such 
potential  criminals  daily  to  the  feeble-minded  institutions  or  insane  asylums, 
thus  anticipating  much  crime  had  they  been  handled  in  the  old  way.  as  well 
as  furthering  the  cause  of  humanity. 

Constructive  criticism  is  the  keynote  of  progress.  Such  criticism  as  has 
been  made  in  these  pages  has  been  offered  in  a  friendly,  constructive  and 
cooperative  spirit,  and  we  hope  it  will  be  so  regarded.  It  is  offered  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  psychopathologist.     Psychopathology  is  so  inherent  to  this 

—  168  — 


whole  question  tluit  never  once  tlirougii  tlie  ages,  through  the  earliest  days 
of  ecclesiastical  and  secular  law,  has  it  ever  been  entirely  suppressed,  but  it 
is  only  now  coming  into  its  own. 

On  account  of  the  human  interest  involved  and  the  appeal  it.  makes  to 
the  public  whose  interest  we  must  arouse,  we  have  tried  to  present  this  report 
in  as  popular  form  as  is  possible  for  a  scientific  subject,  but  at  the  cost  of  a 
certain  amount  of  redundancy  and  circumlocution.  One  might  just  as  well 
try  to  present  a  popular  exposition  of  any  other  highly  technical  subject  as 
on  this.  Psychopathology,  like  any  other  science,  is  highly  technical  and  is 
daily  growing  more  so. 

Since    much    of    this    report    was    written,    the    general    attitude    throughout 
this   section    of   the   country    towards   the   psychopathic   laboratory    idea   and     | 
delinquent  colonies  has  undergone  such  a  change  that  much  of  the  apologetic 
material  might  well  be  omitted  but  we  have  allowed  it  to  stand  for  its  possible 
influence  on  communities  not  yet  so  far  advanced  as  ours. 

Our  neurological,  anthropometrical  and  other  studies  will  have  to  be 
presented  elsewhere  because  of  lack  of  space,  and  their  technical  nature.  Lack 
of  space  a'so  forces  us  to  omit  the  chapter  on  the  hereditary  studies. 

The  laboratory  is  under  manifold  obligations  to  the  numerous  social 
workers  and  their  organizations  represented  in  the  Municipal  Court  without 
whose  ever-ready  and  cordial  cooperation  this  report  would  never  have  been 
written. 

The  history  of  the  movement  can  never  be  written  witiiout  the  names  of 
Chief  Justice  Olson  and  Mrs.  Marie  K.  Hickson  at  tlio  top.  Chief  Justice 
Olson  has  fathered  it  from  the  beginning  and  preserved  order  on  the  outside 
and  kept  it  alive  and  has  been  unsparing  in  his  time  and  energy  from  its  verj- 
inception.  Mrs.  Hickson,  a  volunteer  for  the  first  year,  has  kept  order  on  the 
inside,  standing  the  brunt  of  the  heavy  testing,  training  and  standardizing 
other  assistants,  and  preparing  the  statistics,  all  carried  on  under  the  heavy 
pressure  of  the  daily  work.  She  has  mothered  these  unfortunate  cases,  thus 
making  their  hard  lot  somewhat  easier. 

The  laboratory  sustained  a  severe  loss  in  the  death  during  the  year  of  Dr. 
Mary  O'Brien  Porter,  one  of  its  ablest  assistants,  who  was  a  volunteer  at  first 
for  almost  a  year.  We  cannot  be  too  grateful  to  our  assistants  in  the  labora- 
tory, the  Misses  Helen  Ullerick  and  Barbara  Preble,  for  their  unselfish  de- 
votion to  the  work  which  has  to  be  carried  on  under  the  greatest  pressure 
and  strain  of  both  the  intellect  and  the  emotions.  Miss  Preble  has  been  added 
to  the  force  since  the  statistics  were  cast  up,  but  has  assisted  materially  in 
the  work  on  them. 

The  laboratory  is  badly  in  need  of  a  larger  force  and  more  space.  .\ 
bailiff  should  also  be  assigned  to  it.  It  only  needs  time  in  which  to  assemble 
the  absolutely  convincing  data  that  are  passing  through  the  courts  daily  to 
convince  the  most  resistant  of  the  necessity  for  farm  colonies  and  preventive 
treatment  for  delinquency.  In  the  meantime  it  will  continue  to  carry  on  its 
practical  assistance  to  the  court  and  its  weekly  quota  of  commitments  to  the 
state  institutions  for  the  insane  and  feeble-minded  and  at  least  partially 
alleviate  the  seriousness  of  the  situation,  in  anticipating  much  fundamental 
crime,  not  excluding  homicide,  by  many  of  our  numerous  paranoid  cases  with 
such  trends,  and  assisting  the  court  in  the  numerous  ways  more  or  less  out- 
lined in  the  previous  pages. 

—  169  — 


APPENDIX 

In  the  chapter  on  i'sychopathology  in  the  Introduction  we  have  attempted  in 
a  very  simple  and  terse  manner  to  give  some  insight  into  the  various  abnormal 
psychological  processes. 

In  the  following  chapter  we  attempt  to  give  a  few  examples  of  the  behavior, 
the  resultant  of  these  various  processes. 

lioth  of  the  above  phases  were  studied  and  developed  more  or  less  independ- 
ently of  each  other,  and  the  study  and  findings  of  the  one  corroborate  the  study  and 
lindings  of  the  other.  Brought  together  they  illumine  each  other.  In  the  chapter 
on  psychopathology  we  see  abnormal  behavior  reduced  to  its  lower,  psychological 
terms,  the  terms  of  the  psychopathologist,  while  in  the  following  chapter  we  pre- 
sent the  obverse  side  of  the  picture  in  terms  of  behavior. 

The  limits  set  to  such  a  report  as  this  prohibit  anything  like  a  complete  pres- 
entation of  any  of  the  various  features  treated  in  it,  permit  of  barely  touching  on 
some  of  the  most  salient  points  of  this  material  and  do  not  permit  the  thorough 
presentation  and  discussion  of  the  following  material,  which  contributes  so  richly 
for  the  elucidation  of  much  of  the  problem,  that  it  deserves.  Partial  discussions 
are  not  satisfactory.  Much  of  the  significance  of  the  following  material  is  quite 
obvious  and  will  repay  careful  study  for  those  interested  in  psychopathology. 

The  examples  given  were  selected  at  random  and  illustrate  a  few  of  the  phases 
of  our  material  which  throughout  is  quite  homogeneous. 

The  number  of  examples  of  the  performance  or  psychomotor  tests,  also  of 
interest  for  our  study  of  behavior  psychologj^  and  analysis,  might  also  be  consid- 
erably extended  with  advantage,  even  as  numerous  as  they  appear,  if  the  space 
were  available. 

The  examples  selected  to  be  shown  here  are  the  visual  memory  tests  from  the 
Binet-Simon  Intelligence  Scale,  used,  however,  not  only  as  an  intelligence  test  as 
originally  proposed  by  them,  but  developed  to  a  much  wider  field  of  usefulness,  not 
only  as  test  for  intelligence  {?er  se  but  also  for  primary  disturbances  of  the  intelli- 
gence function  as  found  in  paresis,  senile  dementia,  narcotism,  such  as  alcoholism, 
morphinism,  cocainism,  etc.  We  have  also  extended  its  use  in  an  equally  wide  and 
important  field  in  the  psychoses,  such  as  various  forms  of  dementia  praecox,  manic- 
depressive  insanity,  hysteria,  etc.  In  fact,  we  have  found  the  entire  scale  with  proper 
modifications  to  lend  itself  as  a  most  useful  instrument  for  diagnostic  and  differential 
diagnostic  purposes.  It  also  lends  itself  as  an  aid  in  establishing  the  stadium  of  a 
disease  or  process. 

The  modification  adopted  with  the  visual  memory  test  was  not  only  to  evaluate 
it  as  an  intelligence  test,  belonging  to  the  ten-year-old  group,  but  also  to  analyze  the 
various  additions,  omissions,  or  transpositions,  also  relative  position  and  size,  as 
compared  with  example  and  with  each  other,  evenness  or  irregularity  of  lines, 
methods  of  reproduction,  general  behavior,  etc.  Several  repetitions  of  stimulus,  in- 
cluding drawing  design  with  example  before  subject,  are  secured.  We  have  several 
similar  tests  which  we  give  serially,  and  in  this  way  bring  out  numerous  additional 
sj-mptoms.  Among  the  other  visual  memory  or  visual  psychomotor  tests  of  the 
series  we  include  examples  here  of  the  H.  Visual  Memory  and  Ziehen  Visual 
Memory  tests.  In  the  B.-S.  and  H.  Visual  Memory  tests  the  example  is  exposed 
for  ten  seconds,  after  proper  warming-up  of  the  subject;  in  the  Z.  V.  M.  test  the 
example  is  exposed  for  fifteen  seconds  and  the  case  waits  fifteen  seconds  before 

—  170  — 


attempting  to  reproduce  it.  The  symbols  test  was  invented  not  only  to  fill  a 
similar  position  to  the  eleven-year  old  group  as  the  square  and  diamond  are  to  the 
B.-S.  five  and  seven-year  old  groups  respectively  but  also  for  its  wide  psychopathic 
usefulness. 

Performance  tests,  however,  in  any  test  scheme  should  be  reduced  to  as  few 
as  possible,  as  cases  in  certain  prsecox  phases  resent  making  even  the  slight  efforts 
such  tests  generally  call  for. 


tn5- 


Fig.  1 — Binet-Simon  Visual  Memory  Test. 


The  technique  used  in  the  laboratorj-  in  the  above,  the  B.  S.  Visual  Memory 
Test  (Binet-Simon)  is  to  expose  the  drawing  to  the  case  for  ten  seconds,  when  he 
attempts  to  draw  it  from  memory.  This  is  repeated  several  times,  and  the  case 
finally  draws  with  the  example  constantly  in  front  of  him.  This  is  usually  followed 
by  a  second  or  third  visual  memory  test  similar  to  those  following,  such  as  the 
H.  Visual  Memory  test  and  the  Ziehen  Visual  Memory  test.  The  technique  is  some- 
what modified  in  the  latter,  the  exposure  being  fifteen  seconds  with  a  wait  of  fifteen 
seconds  before  the  case  begins  to  draw. 


Fig.  2 — H.  Visual  Memory  Test. 


Fig.  3 — Ziehen  Visual   Memory  Test. 
—  171  — 


Tlic  tcclini(|uc  used  in  tlie  Symbol  Test  is  similar  to  that  used  in  the  drawing  of 
the  .s(|uarc  and  tlie  diamond  in  the  five-year  and  seven-year  group  of  tests  of  the 
Hinct-Simon  scale,  in  whicli  the  case  draws  directly  from  the  example  and  corre- 
sponds to  the  clcvcn-year  group. 


I 


Fig.  4 — Symbols. 

Illustrations  of  a  few  of  the  Applications  of  the  Diagnostic  Tests  Used  in  the 
Laboratory  for  Intelligence  and  Psychopathy 

The  following  examples  have  been  selected  because  of  their  adaptability  to 
simple  illustration,  patency  and  objectivity,  which  bring  them,  to  a  greater  or 
lesser  degree,  within  the  general  comprehension,  and  because  they  contain  much 
that  is  new  in  concept  or  application,  and  while  lacking  the  refinement  and  sharp- 
ness of  many  of  our  other  tests,  can  yet  be  recommended  by  us  after  extended 
use  as  possessing  an  important  field  and  extensive  degree  of  usefulness.  The 
same  examples  have  been  selected  from  this  type  of  tests  for  demonstration 
throughout,  thus  allowing  of  better  comparison.  It  is  unfortunate  that  lack  of 
space  prevents  us  from  illustrating  the  unusual  positions  on  the  paper  selected  by 
many  of  the  cases  demonstrated  here. 

Their  applicability  for  illiterates  and  those  with  language  obstacles  is  quite 
obvious.  Psychoanalysts  no  doubt  will  find  them  of  some  interest.  In  order  to 
get  proper  results  with  these  and  similar  tests  a  careful  technique  is  imperative, 
especially  in  working  witii  hebephrenics,  katatonics  and  other  psychopaths.  Even 
the  effort  they  are  called  upon  to  make  with  these  tests,  unless  carried  on  with 
proper  teclinique,  tends  to  aggravate  the  resistance  and  katatonia  so  prevalent  in 
these  cases.  This  is  our  criticism  of  many  of  the  performance  tests  that  have  been 
proposed  which  call  for  extensive,  even  if  not  excessive,  effort,  since  inertia  may 
be  one  of  the  cardinal  symptoms  of  the  case's  psychopathy. 

The  matter  of  technique  in  the  giving  of  tests  such  as  the  Binet-Simon, 
Rossolimo,  Psychopathic,  etc.,  has  been  too  generally  overlooked  and  we  cannot 
emphasize  this  point  too  strongly.  The  finer  the  test  the  more  depends  on  the 
technique.  Anyone  testing  who  is  removed  from  a  psychopathologist  may  find 
these  tests  of  help.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  some  of  these  tests  where 
the   intelligence   is   fairly  good,   we  may  have  paranoides   types,   quite   outspoken, 


172 


who,  while  betraying  this  feature  do  not  show  the  bizarre  characteristics  so  com- 
mon to  many  of  the  other  combinations. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  visual  memory  tests  we  also  include  a  few  illus- 
trations of  some  of  the  other  performance  tests  used  in  the  laboratory,  such  as 
the  copying  test  and  the  letter  test.  The  latter  test  consists  in  the  task  of  answering 
the  following  advertisement  from  the  daily  paper,  viz.,  "Wanted  young  man  (young 
woman,  man  or  woman  as  the  case  may  be)  to  do  general  work.  Apply  in  own 
handwriting  with  full  particulars." 

The  illustrations  included  here  are  from  the  Boys,  Morals,  and  Domestic  Rela- 
tions courts,  and  outside  criminal  branches. 

The  cases  from  the  Boys  Court  were  referred  to  the  laboratory  by  their 
Honors,  Judges  Thomas  F.  Scully,  Harry  P.  Dolan,  Samuel  H.  Trude,  Edmund 
K.  Jarecki,  John  A.  Swanson,  Joseph  P.  Rafferty,  and  John  R.  Newcomer ;  by 
assistant  city  prosecuting  attorneys,  Messrs.  Fred  W.  Kraft,  Gerald  Barry,  and 
Henry  J.  Nicholson;  and  by  the  Social  Service  Department  under  Miss  M.  Fugate. 

Those  from  the  Morals  Court  were  referred  by  their  Honors,  Judges  Charles 
N.  Goodnow,  Harry  M.  Fisher,  Jacob  H.  Hopkins,  Joseph  Z.  Uhlir,  Edward  T. 
Wade,  Arnold  Heap,  Wells  M.  Cook,  and  Frank  H.  Graham ;  City  Prosecuting  At- 
torney, Harry  B.  Miller;  and  assistant  city  prosecuting  attorneys,  H.  C.  Lust, 
George  Emmecke,  W.  L.  Meyer,  Adolph  J.  Borgemeier,  Harry  W.  Starr  and  Paul 
Holleb.  Cases  were  also  referred  by  the  following  court  attaches.  Miss  Louise 
Ory,  Mrs.  Anna  Smith,  Miss  Blumenthal,  Mrs.  Leopold  Neuman,  and  Mrs.  Aldrich. 

The  cases  from  the  Domestic  Relations  Branch  were  referred  by  their  Honors, 
Judges  Joseph  Sabath,  Oscar  M.  Torrison,  Sheridan  E.  Fry,  John  Stelk,  and  John 
A.  Mahoney ;  by  Assistant  Prosecuting  Attorney  Michael  L.  Rosinia ;  and  also  by 
Mr.  John  Gardner,  Mrs.  Julia  McGuire,  Miss  Inderrieden  and  Mrs.  Garside  of  the 
Social  Service  Department. 

Those  from  the  outside  criminal  branches  were  referred  by  their  Honors, 
Judges  Harry  Olson,  Hosea  W.  Wells,  John  K.  Prindiville,  Patrick  B.  Flanagan, 
James  C.  Martin,  John  Courtney,  John  R.  Caverly,  Joseph  La  Buy,  Dennis  W. 
Sullivan,  John  J.  Rooney,  Hugh  J.  Kearns,  and  Howard  Hayes. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  the  cases  examined  by  us  in  the  continental 
laboratories  were  referred  by  the  prosecuting  attorney,  instigated  by  the  appear- 
ance or  behavior  of  the  defendant,  his  previous  record,  the  nature  of  the  crime,  etc. 
We  have  not  progressed  quite  that  far  here  as  yet,  though  a  beginning  has  been 
made.  Mr.  Lust  had  questionable  complaining  witnesses  examined  by  the  laboratory, 
thereby  establishing  a  precedent,  and  thus  anticipated  all  the  expense,  unpleasantness, 
etc.,  of  a  trial  where  the  complaining  witnesses  turned  out  to  be  victims  of  their 
own  mental  aberration.  Mrs.  Kirk  of  the  Social  Service  Department  in  the  Morals 
Court,  in  spite  of  the  strenuous  protests  of  the  prosecuting  attorney  anticipated  a 
very  prolonged,  notorious,  and  expensive  case  that  went  to  another  county  and 
was  tried  with  a  loss  of  the  case  to  the  state,  where  the  complainant  was  a  case 
of  dementia  pra?ecox  paranoides,  a  victim  of  delusions,  as  we  discovered  from  a 
laboratory  investigation.  This  same  individual  is  again  involved  in  another  un- 
savory, serious  affair. 

The  illustrations  have  been  reduced  almost  one-half  in  the  reproductions 


173  — 


PERFORMANCE  TESTS— BOYS  COURT. 

iCaee.  fl./la'.,   npe  P.O.   male,  elnple:  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prae- 
oox  hebephrenia.  Attended  eohool  ape  6  to  16,  reached  Eth  grade.   Wae 
In  Juvenile  Court,  sentenced  60  days  for  robbery.   Present  arrest  shot 
hie  brother  In  a  duel.   He  le  the  eon  of  cases  T7.Jo.,  age  45,  and  W.£t. 
age  BO,  whoBo  visual  memory  peyohopnthlo  teste  follow  and  are  shown  as 
a  matter  of  psychological  and  hereditary  Interest.   They  have  another 
eon.  '.?.£.,  oge  21.  who  has  had  the  following  arrests:  1)  Juvenile 
Court,  larceny  and  assault  with  deadly  weapon,  2)  caught  In  stolen  au- 
tomobile. 3)  he  and  another  boy' caught  with  loaded  revolvers.  4)  rape, 
fifteen-year-old  girl.  5)  burglary,  6)  charged  with  larceny,  burglary 
and  assault  to  kill,  now  in  Pontlac  Reformatory.  Another  son.  '.7.A1., 
age  17:  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia;  attended 
eohool  age  7  to  13,  reached  6th  grade;  was  In  Juvenile  Court  three 
times,  served  16  months  In  St.  Charles,  wae  also  in  Parental  Home  and  " 
the  Chicago  School  for  Boye  for  3  months;  arreeted  in  Boys  Court  carry- 
ing concealed  weapons;  present  arrest  etealing_braB.e_frora  xailroad. 


i  B-S.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 


n 


E.T.M.  yirat  exposnra.  10". 


H.V.V.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


V.V.H.  Copied  frorr.  card. 

—  174  — 


Son..       '  -        ^  ^ 


,  FVrtj  BUUoni.  Tiro  Ym™. 
/Th«  vcnirij  opinion  at  th^( 
/It  that  tho  Aral  two  year«  of  tho  imV 
/  will  COS.  ih,  l-ni,,^  5,,„,  ,^  j^^ 
Mlthbortiooa  ol  no.MO.Mo.CM.  On 
top  of  tho  Bpprorulatlona  of  119  000 
MO.DOO  for  U,,  ••„  ,1,1.  ,„,  j„„,  ^ 
irmatrt  of  IIJ.OOO.OM.OOO  for  wa,  put- 
tow,  n.at  rear,  a  total  of  DUOOOOOO. 
CM.  and  II  u  not  unllkfly  that  th. 
othar  l,.0O«.oo..0O0  .III  ba  ranulr«|  by 
unrcrtse«n  dev«)opmwiu. 

Economy    on    non««a«nU&l«   of   g; 
ommtnt  and  ftlTkJra  thst  tin  •ttmii 
.llth.co„m.tl.ov,r.  .Uhiiu,.,.,. 
pandliuro.  for  ll,r  army.  navy.  Min- 
pint  board,  and  oihri-  br.ncl.«a  of  var 

N-TOrl,.  .„.  r,H.c«  |„  ,*.  „„ 
f  tcvarftrarnt  •ii>»ndliur--i  f„r 
sri.ir.f  (lacal  yaaf, 

"■  •■—  -'  II  BII11<-. 


—  175  — 


Caoe,  W.i;t..  ago  50.  male:  high  grade  moron  plue  chronic  alcoholiem. 
ThlB  case  was  ineerted  as  of  hereditary  interest.  He  is  the  hueband 
of  case  W.Jo.,  age  45,  and  father  of  case  '".Wa.,  age  20. 


^ 


B-b.V.M.  First  exposure,  10 


r — UJ 


B-S.V.II.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10"^ 


3-S.V.l:.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10'".. 


B,S^V.U.  Copied  from  card. 


176  — 


p. v."'.    Second   consecuti 


■^e   cxpos7)re 


10' 


R.V.M.    Third   consecutive   e>:T)0?ure.    10' 


U;..  . 


H.V.M.    Copied  frozn  cnrd, 


17" 


r»B«     W  Jo       H^e  It.    letnale:    middle  grede  raoron  plus  dement Upraecor 
.rb:phr;nu:   "^MB^onae  wna   inserted  as  of  ^jereditary     ntereet.      She 
IB   the  mother  of  caee   In  the  Boye  Court.    W.Wa..    age   ^u. 


B-S.V.X.    Third 


consecutive   ey.posure 


.    10' 


—  178  — 


F.V.M.   Plret   exposure,   10 


170  — 


Vj  oj^  (k^  f^'^^y  ^ 


Firet  copy  v.i1.h  card 


1 80 


Case,  E.Fr.,  age   19.  male:  middle  grade  moron  pliis  dezentie  pruecox 
hebephrenia.   Arrested  for  begging. 


^:'c'c^ 


E_S.V.M.    Firet   expoeure,    10' 


B-3.V.M.   Second  coneecutive   enoosure,    10' 


B-i5.V.K.    Third   consecutive   exposure.    10' 


B-S.V.M.   Fourth  (.'onaecutiTe  exT50fciure.    lu' 


n  'n 


S.i.V.K.  Fifth  congccutive  expoEure.  10". 

—  181  — 


-V  .    .  H' 


B-i.V.;<.  Copied  from  cord. 


2.V.M.  First  exposure,  16"/lf"' 


. V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  If/Xb" 


V.M.  ?hlr-l  conEccutiTe  exposure,  15"/1^"- 


y^.  w  ^■ 


Z.V.M.    CoT>i»4   from  card. 


]82  — 


uase  D.Ja.   age  17.  .-nalo.  single;  middle  grade  moron  f9.fi)  plus 
4ementln  praeoo-  hebephrenia  fpfropfhcbephrenia). 


B-S.V.M.  Copic'l  from  curd. 


.V.;.:.  First  cxDOSure.  10", 

n 


H.V.y.    Eccond   conreoi:tlve   cxpoEure,    10" 


H.V.jf.    Cooled   froci  card 
—  18»- 


Coae.  D,Da.,  age   48,  male,  married,  father  of  Ii.Ja,,  age  17:  low 
grade  sociopath  plue  dementia  praecox  hebephrenia  pluc  moderate 
degree  chronic  nlcohollBm.  Teet  Inserted  for  hereditary  interest 


B-S.V.M.  First  ejpoEure.  IQ- 


V.::.  Second  coneecutive  exposure.  10". 


■D-^.V.i:.  Third  consecutive  exnosure,  10 


2-S.V,i:.  Fourth 


consecutive  exposure.  10' 


•S.V.U.  Copied  fro-n  card. 

—  184  — 


E.V.IvI,  ?irst  exposure,  10 'V 


y^^K 


p.V.?.^  Copied  from  card. 


185  — 


Cucc.   S.JO.,    nse   19.    ™»''«-    ^^K^^   ''■•"^''  "'°''*'"   ''^"^   flcnenlla   nn.ec* 
hntntonlo. 


:(•      ri  P 


E-S.V.M.    Firtl   cxrjoiuro.    lo". 


B-S.V.M.  Copiel  :  row  card. 


H.V.M.  Second  cor.::eci:t Ive  exposure.  10 


"...v.    ylff-    cor.s-ect^t  ive   r.rnosxiTo ,    10". 


H.V.V.    fiTth  oo::teci.: 


.  -.0   exposure  ,    10' 
—  187  - 


c 


Copied   from  card. 


JQui^'MAy 


^, 


J^  /7^^  ^-^^yX^ 


^^M^L^ 


^^ 


rtxt^-u-< 


BY  ARTHUR  SBARS  HENNINQ 

W..hln»lt>n,   D.  c,   Jan.   17— tSp» 
cta:.J— As   ^    icault   ol   |*i<-6Menl    w,! 

•  JiV*  fi*tlur©  to  b«olt  up  t.bi  «pialolAry 
•:oAiaiid9.    th*    rnll«d   Stam    1«    aub 

•  cn-ltijl  to  tll«  dici-\t«j  of  Cio..t  ^rit 
•l\  the  mlatrtM  of  ih«  ku. 

P^iiMiiT-c  OH  th«  «-;^^>..-.^.    . 


188  — 


O'ace,  E.Ar.,  &g«  18,  male,  single:  high  grade  noron  plus  der.entla 
praeoox.   Attended  school  age  4  to  14,  reached  eixth  grade. 


B-S.V.'.!.  First  expoeure.  10' 


B-i;.V.M.  Second  oonseoutlTe  exposure,  10", 


B-S.V.l.!.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


B-5;.V.i;.  Fourth  coneeeutiTe  exposure,  10". 


0. S.V.I'..  Klfth  coneeoutive  exposure,  10". 

—  ISO  — 


4-" 


P-S.V.M.   Copied   from  o«t4. 


h.<ru/ 


—  190 


Case,  C.Bu..  age  19.  male,  single:  middle  grade  moron  plus  psycho- 
pathic plus  alcoholisra.   Mever  attended  echool.  illiterate:  four 
months  ago  arrested  for  cutting  up  another  boy,  placed  on  nrobatio: 
for  a  year;  two  months  ago  arrested  on  suspicion;  present  arrest 
charged  v.'ith  nurder  for  shooting  and  hilling  a  nan,    found  guilty 
sent  to  Joliet  for  life. 


B-S.V.M.  First  expo5?ure,  ic 


0", 


P-S.V.V.  Second  consecutive  exDOfure,  10' 


P-S.V".?.f.  Third  concecutii-e  exposure.  10". 


B-o.V.y.  Copied  from  card, 


I5^(ff 


'  ,t-^ 


^^ 


jyi 


Cauo.  I!. Jo.,  upc  17,  mule,  clngle:  high  gratte  moron  pluc  dementia 
pruccox  hebephrenia  f pf ropfhcbephrenla) .  Arrested  carrying  a  gun 
ond  notlnc  cuoploloucl.v. 


t 


B-S.V.M.    r'irst    e:rposure,    10" 


T^ 


E-t.V.M.  Second  coneecutive  exposure.  10". 


7\ 


B-d.V.K.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


u 


V.Y.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


T-l__p 


E-S.V.'U,  Fifth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 
—  19^  — 


E-E.V..V.    iiixth   consecutive   eyposvr.-e ,    10' 


T^LP 


-S.V.M.  Seventh  consecuti 


re   expoGure,    10". 


tm 


E-S.V.M.    Copied   from  card, 


(U-^-^^^  JUv 


!>U' 


^<t   i\. 


—  198 


Case,  J..'l.,  age  Zl,   mule,  Llngle:  high  grodc  noron  plus  dementia 
praecox  hobephronlu.   Attended  school  ago   6  to  15,  reached  elxth 
grade;  present  orroet  llvlnp  with  D.El.,  ago  19,  who  hue  deticrted 
her  husband  Boverol  tlraec,  -ith  •.vhom  che  had  a  forced  carriage,  he 
being  charged  .vlth  rape;  oho  attended  Echool  ago  6  to  1£ ,  reached 
slith  grade;  uhc  Ic  u  high  grade  borderland  raoron  pluc  dencntla 
praecox  hobephrcnlo.   Hor  father  woe  about  the  eanc  t;pe.  hae  been 
orroetod;  hlE  deter  1e  single,  hue  had  two  illegitlnutc  children 
by  different  fothcrs;  another  elEter  ic  ineane.   llother  of  D.El.  is 
ttlEO  the  cane  type,  had  an  illcgitimoto  child  before  narriagc;  one 
of  hor  brothers,  age  16,  reached  the  sixth  grode,  has  already  had 
t7;o  arroEto.   Her  illegitimate  brother  has  had  several  arreEtt.  and 
sontencee  for  stealing. 


e  e^iioEure.  10" 


Case,  C.?l.,  male,  are  ly-.  hiph  grode  noron  (10.6/  pltii  denienl  a  oree- 
cox  hebephrenia  ( pf  ropfhebephrenla)  .   Attended  echool  are  6  .to  i"* 
reached  third  prode ;  wne  In  Juvenile  Court  4  tlPiOE.  eerved  IH  mont'c 
In  t.t.  Charles,  nuraeroue  arreete  In  the  Boye  Court.   F'-ther  ?rench. 
B?e  47.  In  United  ttnteE  30  years,  ccparated  iron  vrlfe.   "other,  afc 
49,  American.  Ineane  for  a  nupber  of  yearr :  xne    in  £tnte  Insane  Asy- 
lum for  fl\'e  years.   Caee  has  1  brother  In  a  custodial  echool.  another 
brother  ape  JO  ie  now  in  the  House  of  Correction,  hne  hod  ?>   arrests, 
served  18  months  In  St.  Charles.   Then  caee  stos  arrcs;  ed  this  tine  he 
had  a  gun.  flashlight.  "Jlranle."  and  some  stolen  Jewelry  in  his^os- 
aesElon;  he  has  a  recent  bullet  wound  In  hie  leg.  sa.ve  he  shot  him- 
self accidentally  a  week  ago  r;ith  a  38-calibre  revolver. 


Ci 


r 


rlret  exnoEure .  10" 


-i.V.;.;.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10 


P^ 


B-£.V.;.;.  Third  consecutive  ernosure,  10" 


3-6.  V.!.'.  Copied  from  card. 


H.V.i;.  ?irst  exposure.  10". 


—  1^5 


H.V.M.   Secont!   coneecutlvn   exDOBure.    10" 


■honly  Ttyoi.    ir.iy  0*m.'  of  n«utr«»trj 

—  l!lt)  — 


Caec,  N.Ch.,  age  18,  nale,  single:  low  grade  sociopath  plus  der^ertlft 
praecox  hebephrenia  plus  juvenile  paresis.  ?ather  vras  a  quarrel- 
some, high-tonpertfd  chronic  alcoholic,  whD  boat  and  abused  his  rife 
and  "had  delueions  of  infidelity;  she  finally  had  to  divorce  him.   Twr 
brothers  both  chronic  alcoholics.  I'other  age  49.  high  grade  moron, 
schizophrenic;  school  age  5  to  14,  reached  sixth  grade;  she  h«e 
arcus  senilis  and  arterioscleroele. 


First  exposure.  10". 


B-S.Y.U.  Second  consecutive  ernosure.  10". 


E-S.V.I.'.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10".  \,/^ 


B-S.V.M.  ?oi:rth  consecutive  expoeure.  10" 


B-3.V.M.  Fifth  consecutive  expoepre.  10" 
—  197  — 


/ — \ 


u. 


3.V.V.  rire*.  orposure.  10", 


R.V.V.  Copied  rron  card. 


jJ-^i-m^   ^/  -  '9y / 


C— ^ 


_^^_^^J(jLj      .^^^-'t-L'cXtJt-n.    ^^  yC&^i---^^^    ...^-^^     ^--^iJl^^l^  ,^^^''i?^-th-^  ^ 


yl^u-z^ 


/'.'  .«-'7'-<:i 


t^-; 


19&  — 


Case,  G.Le..  ape  18,  nale:  middle  grade  noron  pluE  dencntia  praecor 
einplex.   Present  arrest  attempting  to  brealc  int^  a  store  with 
another  boy  at  3  a.m. 


B-S.V 


,y.  Second  consecutive  expoE-ure,  U' 


P-S.V.M.  Third  consecutire  exposure,  10' 


«-£.V.V!.  Copied  froo  c^aji. 
"  190  — 


C«ae.  B.Jo.,  Ofe  19.  nalc.  slr.fle:  middle  frade  noron  plus  trace 
Bloohollen. 


'  lly^l 


f^ 


ii) 


E-L.V.u.  First  cxpOEur*.  10' 


B-S.V.!.;.  iecond  coneecutive  erpoeure.  10' 


.S.».U.  ^hird  consecutive  excosiire.  10" 


® 


3-i;.V.):,   Fourth  oonseciitive 


exTjocure.    10' 


9 


^ 


^  E-S.V.1.C.   Fifth  conEecutiTe   ex-oosTire.    10' 


.□ 


^B 


5-S.V.y..    Coplei  fyoa  card. 
—  r^Li)  -- 


■»GMe/C.Ir..  age  IS.  male:  middle  grade  !r.oron  pl'js  lerentle 
prneoox  hetephrenin.  Present  arrest  vagrancy. 


.S.V.)I.    First  exnosnre.  10' 


3.3.V  M.  Secord  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


B-S.V.M.  Third  coneeoutive  exposure,  10' 


E-S.V.M.  Fourth  oonseouti 


Te'  exposure,  lo' 


».S.7_.i{.  CQBled  froa  card. 


•-'01 


203  — 


Case.  L.rr..  age  21.  nale.  single:  Mfh  grade  noronTg.C'  pluB  4e- 

mentlo  praccox  hcbcphrenlo  (pfropfhekephrenia) .   ^tter.l-.d  school 
8  to  14.  reached  third  prade.   Ka«  been  in  Juvenile  Court  Parental 

bohool;  four  arreGte  in  Boyc  Court. 


-t.T.lt.  first  exposure,  10". 


.V.M.  ^econd  conseciitlTse  -exposur*.  10 


. V.i;.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


_n 


J 


B-S.V.*.  Fourth  oonEecutlTt  expoture.  10" 


• 1         l_ ■ — 


B-b.V.M.  Fifth  coneeeutlTe  expoeut*.  10". 


2o:i 


. 


B-S.V.M.    Copied   fron  card. 


b 


H.V.M.  Klret  exposure,  10' 


H.V.M.  Secon4  coneecutlve  exposure .  10' 


H.V.M,  Third  coneecutive  exposure.  10' 


D P 


.H.V.rt.  Copied  from  csrd. 


i04 


.V.U.  Firet  exposure,  16"/X5". 


2-V-lf.  Example 


Z.T.H.  Seoond  consecntiTe  exposure.  15"/15" 


2.V.lf.  Third  conseouUTe  exDoeure.  16"/16" 


Z.V.M.  "opled  from  card. 
—  305  — 


Tyyti^  <<rt^y^  PT-iMxA^. 


'>>\^^l^~'lX^ 


:u^. 


with  whole  wheat  me«J,  fT»nul»lea 
,  rice,  wlih  farina,  an-l  with  white  com 
me&i.  each  used  aJone,  I  hAv*  made 
J  what  I  consider  a  food  cak«Uk»  pastry, 
In  making  such,  eapeclally  la  smaJ' 
<luantJU«a.  one  should  use  mor«  me*l 
[  tHan  flour,  about  one-half  morei.  pcr- 
I  bapa-     I   thought  one-half  mors  s«od 

!for  the  com  meal.  With  Oour.  Ih* 
formula  I?:  P'lvc  eggs.  whlt«8  and  yolVii 
beaten,  sepurately;  one  cup  of  Blfte« 
Kugar,  one  cup  of  flour  rifted  eeveral 
tlme^.  one  teaspoon  of  baking  powder. 


nlUa. 


T:£ 


a  sponge  cake  6n  a  nnal]«r 
one-balf  u  much  egg  yellc 
nd  twice  as  much  flour  •s 
adding  a  half  more  of  meal 
If  that  Is  use^  Sift  sugar  Into  beaten 
rgg  whites,  add  beaten  yolks,  and  stft 
in  meal  in  which  baking  powder  !s 
sifted.  A  batter  »ith  me3J  shrinks  loea 
than  vrhen  flour  I*  used.  Bake  a  sm&U 
•ponge  cake  of  com  meal  one- half  hour 


J  00 


Case,  t.'.'r.,    ajre  l(t,  mrile .  sin'pie:  >.i(-h  frr;;(Ie~n8r<Jr.  niut  ic'^.cfX  la 
nrr.ecoy  hetephrenia;  attended  school  a,  e  "  to  14.  rcnched  5th  prade 
h>.i£  been  In  Juvenile  Court.   "resent  arreet  fifhtinp  v.ith  father. 
He  hes  a  brother.  Bpe  £0.  attended  school  afye   7  to  14.  reached  6th 
grade,  he  is  a  chronic  alcoholic.   The  visii';!  :nerior;;  peyohonathic 
teet  of  the  nother  of  thi.s  case  is  riven  anonp  those  of  <he  Doneet  ic 
P.elPtions  Court,  as  S.i.'a.,  afe  ."59. 


-eoord  consecutive  exposure.  10 


"hird    consecati ve   exDosure.    10' 


-ODied    from  cord  . 


■'J)7 


fi.V'.M.    Corlod  fror.  cird. 


208 


^^^t^fl'^.A^^  y^Z*..-^ 


PERFORMANCE  TESTS  -  MORALS  COURT 

Case  NBe.,  age  32,  female;  high  grade  moron,  dementia  prsecox  kata- 
tonia  preparalytic  dementia.  Now  arrested  for  disorderly  conduct.  Her 
history  will  be  found  among  those  of  the  Morals  Court. 


.  Fourth  consec 


^i,d  consecutive  exposr.re.  10". 


igjLre 


,Uive   exposure. 


10". 


B-t. '»'.!■'•    i'lfth  consecu 
—  209  — 


tive   exposure.    10' 


E-S.V.M.    p.iphth   cor.L-eoiilive   e;:noture,    10". 


P-S.V.?:.    Te-th  oonsecv.tive  exD.Tfure.    10 


210 


^X€ 


".v.".    Cooled    frOTi  card. 
—  211  — 


01s. 


'°''''  ^ron  car 


Speakers  af  Hoosier  Oemo- 
mk  Convention  Indorse 


''^r  ^,00 


§Mimm  rite  pre sid^fii 


sier 


Al^Z  ",CoV '""%'"« '"  •"•  "- 

•ion.    fomcr   o„°„7oV  f,"^°?,  "•   »»' 


ffhcJca  of  tbc 

■  iintloa  and  rk  oi»..<i    — I'  *""    *"*'  rvi 
'0.  Wll.m,''i',X°J  I?."fn°'  "' 


—  212  — 


C'aLc.  C.Ev.,  afc  C£,  Jeraalc.  Linfle:  hlth  grade  coron  plue  dcir.cntla 
praeoox  hetenhrcnin.  Mother  chronic  nlcoholic,  deserted  family; 
v.ould  le  "out  of  hie  head"  very  often.  Llothcr  very  nervous;,  had 
"spells. "  Cace  hhs   been  livinp  with  q  r.on  for  seven:!  years;  they 
have  a  child  vho  io  psychopathic  and  euLnoraal.   Case  vyac  t?.o  r.onths 
preg-ncnt  and  ntortcd  recently.   Present  arret t,  kcepinp  disorderly 
house  nnd  prostitutinj"  herself.   Ker  paramour  is  ape  32,  low  grade 
soclopoth  plus  der.entia  procco;:  Catatonia;  he  has  not  worked  for 
sone  tine.  -' 


?irst  ejpoeure,  10"." 


P-t;.V.".  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


B-t.V.;.:.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


;.V.!-'.  fourth  consecutive  exnosi-re.  10" 
—  213  — 


2.0,y.:.'..  Eifth  congemitlve  oxpoei;;-e  .  10' 


3-tJ.V,I.!,  Sixth  conteoutive  exposure.  10" 


E-i:.V.:.'.  t;eventh  consecuti 


ve  exposure,  10". 


E.!,.y."_.  EiKhth  concecvtiye  exBOeure,  10' 


B-t.V.I.'..  Copied  from  card. 


—  :.M4  — 


H.V.M.    First   exDOSure,    10". 


a 


H.V.K.  Second  consecutive  exposure. 


10' 


w.V.lJ.    Copied   from  ctircl, 


—  21; 


Cacc.   li.:ii.,    oge  3l.    8ln£'le,    living  ae  man  and  7/lfe  with    J.Kv.   -.vhoce 
tcetE   precede:    low  grade  ooclopoth  plut  dementia  prneco>'  '/ntatonle. 
Hap   0   2-.vop.r-Old    illogltlnnte   cMld. 


B-u.V.M.    Flret   er.poeure.    10".  c. 


B-£.V.;'.    i-econd   consecutive   exposure,    10 


•  B-S. V.I.I.    Third   consecutive   exposure.    10' 


^- 


E-E.V.I,;.  Fourth  consecutive  exnosure.  10' 


P-S.V.X.  Fifth  coneeoutlve  expoeure.  10' 
—  216  — 


B.E.VJt.    sixth  coneecutiTS   ejpoeure,    10 


E-E.V.M.    Seventh  ;3onEecutiV9    expoeure,    10 


B.S.V.M.   Slght'i  conseoutlTe   e.rpoaure,    10" 


cx 


B-b.V.:.;.  Copied  i'rom  cerd. 


—  ai7  — 


H-V.J!.  ?i.^t 


exposure.  lO". 


H.V.lt.  Second  concecutl 


ve  erpoEure,  10" 


H.V.M.  Roplsd  from  card. 


— .  2.18  — 


Cese.  A.Th..  Armenian,  in  'J.i..  11  joars .  n&le:  fair  nverape  intelli- 
g-ence  pli:E  nsychonathic  constitution. 


E-L.Y.Ll.  First  expostire,  10".' 


B-2.V.I.:.  aecond  coniiecutive  exposure,  10' 


3-i:.V.L{.  Third  consec\;tire  exposure,  10' 


B-S.V.M.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


B-S.V.l'.  Fifth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


ea> 


B-i:.V.:.';.  bir.th  con£ecv.tive  expocnre. 
Copied  fron  card. 

—  219  — 


^\'i^'J':''"i   "^'^  '^'''    ^cr.alc,    married   rC  r,eirs.':    lov;  rradc   r.o-on     nr-Tr 

hnd  eevornl   nrreett.    once  folicUcd  a  rnon  nnd   Ijvcri   ■.viU   Mr,  -ovr 

onoo  nnd  1-oe  dcrcrted  her.      ;cr  ^oute  it    filiVv       -'rrmo^    ry^«r/olT 
cltlnf  nnd  bcpelnp  v/ith  l.-.c-;ot.  ^»i'^/.        rcccn.  crrecl  coli- 


E-t.V.I!.    Fourth   oonEec.:ti 


ve   errorxirc.    lO' 


oniofi    fro- 


~~  220  — 


Coce.    J.'ie. 


i-e  J  '.e  .•■■  e  :-0.  female,  v.v.itc.  n«rricd  to  colored  r..in:  lO'.v  irv^alc 
.jclopath.  Dc;-chop-.thic  com-tUutloa.  prep.-irul:.tLc  doncntia.  Lcparut- 
c(J  fron  huFbond.   arrostol   for  colic llinf. 


'  1     f 


P-t;.V.i.l.    Pirct    o:!pOEi:re.    10" 


.V.;'.  Second  concecutiv 


e  ezpoeure.  10" 


;.V.;:.  CODied  fron  cird, 


H.V.K.  First  exDOEurc.  10" 


V.:.;.  Second  ooneecutive  exnoEure.  1^' 


H.V.M.    Copied   frorn  cnrd. 


31?1 


222  — 


Case.  B.Id..  age  21,  female,  slnple:  high  prade  moron  plue  derientia 
praecox  hebephrenia.   Father  killed  In  a  fight,  one  of  his  aeeall- 
ante  was  hanged,  the. other  suicided;  father  wee  alcoholic   deeerted 
hl8  wife  once.   Uother  married  twice,  separated  fron  second  husband; 
she  Is  chronic  alcoholic,  prostitute,  and  now  In  itate  Insane  Aey- 
lum.   Case  Is  one  of  11  children;  she  reached  fifth  grade  In  echool: 
has  been  In  Juvenile  Court  and  otT.er  institutions;  has  been  a  pros- 
titute; present  arrest,  living  with  a  nan  to  Khoa  she  ras  not  T.arried. 


-S.V.M.  Plret  erpoture,  10".  n 


econd  conaecutlTe  eipoeure,  10" 


5-b.V.U.  Third  eonsBcutlre  exposure.  10' 


B-ii.V.M.  ?ourth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 

—  ;J23  — 


r--a.V.i:.  Fifth  conpecutlvs  exposure.  10 


B-S.V.M.  Sixth  consecutive  exposure,  10 


B-E.7.1J.    Seventh 


-ooneeciitlve   exoosure 


E-S.V.i:.  Copied  from  card. 


^yl^yix2^ 


/fiiAy^^ 


J^^^  ^.^d 


a4«^^«.  ,r/i.  /V^^  a^I^/^ 


-224  — 


Case,  P.St.,  age  45,  male,  married,  deserted  family,  low/grade  socio- 
path- psychopathic  constitution,  chronic  alcohollsrn. 


B.S.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


B-S.V.M.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10 


B.S.V.M. 

Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


3. S.V.I.:,  Fifth  congeoutive  exposure,  10". 

—  22,i  — 


v: 


j.i.V.:.'..  Slyth  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


exposure,  10" 


336  — 


incro'jE   Qrrnfltn' 


'^tU    '^'J'^-\    "^'^   ''•    female;    hi^h  ?rade   rotiopath     dc- 

H08M?Dl  ^       °"  "^  comnitted  her  to  the  Ps:-chOT,°tMc 


B-S.V.::.    i'lrst   oj-Dorure,    10". 


^-H 


B-t.v.;:.   s 


eoond   confecvtive   ey.DOe-v.T&.    10" 


rhird   consecutive    cyroFure,    10' 


u 


E-E.V.i:.  ?OT;rth  consecutive  eypofure.  10". 


£.t.V.M.  Fifth  coneecutiTe  exposure,  10" 


e  expoeuic.  lO" 


B-S.V.M.  SeTenth  ooneeoutiTe  expscure.  10". 


B.S.V.M.  i:ighth  oonEecutlve  exposure,  10" 


B-S.V.;:.  ninth  consecut 


B-t.V.l'..  Tenth  conseoiit ive  eruosure.  lo" 


rr 


B»9.V.M.   Bleventh  consecutlTe  eyrposnre.  10' 
-  ^  228  _ 


B-E.V.i:.  Twelfth  oonseout  Ive  eipuaure.  10" 


— -- 

■ 

■J 

k  . 

-S.V.i:.  Thirteenth  coneeoutlve  expoeure.  lO". 


B-S.V.i:.  sixteenth  .ooneecutlve  exposure.  10" 
—  229  — 


?-£.V.y.  Seventeenth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


. V.M.  Eighteenth  conseoutlTe  expoBnre,  10". 


.V .v..    Nineteenth  consecutive  expoeure',  10". 


-i.V.'j.  Twer.tieth  oonset^utive  exposure 
—  230  — 


T?-!; .  V..''.  T-.ver.ty-£ecorid  conEecut'. 


outiTc  exooEv.re.  10' 


V 


B-i".V.::.    Iwentjr-third  cor.eecutive   crposure,    10" 


L 


>.'•.','..    ?*er,*:;-roi:rth  consecutive   exfosure.    IJ" 


B-S.V.i:.   Twenty-Eixth  consecutive  exposure,    10". 


'?«!-er.ti--ei?hth  consecutive   exposure,    10" 

—  332  — 


'.venty-ninth  conKccKtivc   exposure     10' 


f 


S--.  ■/.•'.  Thirtieth  c-onseuul; 


ve  expofure,   10" 


I  Na* 


E-i.V.:'.   Thirt;,'-f Iret   consec.itive  e7.nos\ire,   10" 


.''..   Chlrt.v-feoonl   conseov.tive   cynoei;-p     v 
—  233  — 


5-S.V.I,;.  Thirty-third  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


B-S.V.W.  ?hirty-fifth  consecutive  exposure, 


Copied  from  card. 
—  234  — 


J^^e^^t^^^ 


/^^^ 


■^°^°"^°^^^^;i^-"--re. 


(Uf^^ 


/Cyyi^ 


—  23.J  — 


.V.M.    TiTBt   expo 


■ure.    16"/16"- 


ond  consecutive  exposure.  1B"/15". 


V.K.    Third   con: 


■eoutive'  expot-ure, 


15-A6" 


.v..    CoBiei!   ■froni  card. 


:.'.•{(; 


Caee,  R,An..  age  £6,  female,  single,  Huesian.  in  U.S.  7  years:  low 
grade  sociopath  plus  denentia  praecox  hebephrenia.   Arrested  for 
soliciting. 


B.S.V.M.  First  exposure.  10". 


.V.U.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


3^ 


B-S.V.U.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10". 
B-S.V.i'i.  Fourth  consecutive  exTJOSure .  10"  • 


'^ 


-iT 


B-6.V.M.  Fifth  coneocntiv*  exposure,  10' 


,S.V.U.  Sixth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 
— 237  — 


(^     ffi 


5 


B.S.V.M.  Seventh  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


O 


« 


3  S.V.!/.  Eighth  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


I.S.V.n:.    Copied  frdT^card. 


H.V.M.  First  exDOSure.  10" 


H.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10 


H.V.M.  Copied  from  ct-rd, 


238  — 


Case,    ir. ;.;&.,    Qpe  £7.    fenale.    carried:    hiph  prade  moron   plus    le-r.cntifc 
praecox  hebephrenia.      Porced  r;arriagc  vrhcn  £hc  v.-as   five   r.onthe  rirep- 
nant,    married  a  feeblc-ainded  nun  '.vho    -as   a  thief  and  had  rerved  a 
term  in  Joliet.    and  '.vhotc  nothor  and  father  V7crc   both  chronic   alco- 
lics.    fr.thcr  cocr.ittinp  Eiiicidc.      Her  hi;tband's   sitter  his    illepiti- 
mato  child   and  hie   brother   ic   n  chronic   alcoholic.      Gate  has   several 
8tab  7;ound6  ;    she    ic   •.vhite,   v/cs  arrested   in  a  colored  houfe.      Her  hus- 
band  is   now   in  Joliet   prison;    she  h^s   been  livinit    as  nan  und  rife 
with  a  colored  nan  for  some   tirrie. 


B-i.V.l'..    Jr'irst    expos-,  re,    10". 


F-i.V.;:.  Second  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


.hird  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


2.19 


B-S.V.t.  Fourth  consecutiv 


e  exposure.  IQ- 


-t^.V.I.r.  Fifth  consecutive  exDOSure.  10 


B.  S.  V.   M.     Sixth  eonseoiitive  exposure.   10". 


'^•""•'th  CO-. 


—  240  — 


.7.B.  Third  oonseeutlTe  expoonre,  10" 
—  241  — 


R.V.K.  Fourth  ooneec-utive  espoeure. 


V   v.M.  Copied  from  card. 


242  — 


Case,  i.Ew..  female,  age  20.  Exnele,  laundry  worlter:  fair  averape 
intelligence  plus  denentla  praecox  hebenhrenia  plus  oreoaralytic 

denentla  plus  chronic  alcoholisn.   rather  iied  aee  JO.  studied 
nedicine  after  marriage,  had  drug  store,  l^other,  age  ^7.  married 
twice,  7  children  ty  first  husband,  none  by  second;  she  iired  *il>- 
second  husband  about  a  year  when  he  died;  cannot  rencTnbcr  his  first 
name,  -'e  brother  E.  shot  a  neighbor's  cott;  qs  a  seouence  the 
mother  was  put  in  insane  asylum  for  a  short  tine,   £.  has  had  3 
other  arrests;  she  and  her  mother  are  now  arrested  for  having  men 
in  their  rooms;  K.  ie  filthy  and  In  rags.   Che  mother's  ns.vchopathic 
tests  folloT  these. 


.1.:.  First  exposure.  10". 


E-t.V,r..  Second  ooneecutiv*  exposure,  10" 


-i.V.M.  Third  consecutive  ezpoeure,  10" 


B-S.V.M.  ?ourth  consecutive  exposure,  10 
—  243  — 


B-i.V.i;.  Fifth  consecutive  expoBure,  10 


E-S.V.M.  I.'inth  consecutive  exoosure,  10' 
—  244  — 


vLrlecr,^^-  consccvtive  cynosure .  U' 


E-S.V.U.  Copied  fron  card. 


H.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


H.V.M.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10"   ^ 

/  / LJ       I 


H.V.M.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10' 
—  246  — 


H.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 


R-i;.V.".    t;econd   ?ri>il.    Kirtt  nnd  t-econd  cypoEiires 
10"   each. 


^  ^>-x.^^-t^     >^  t-9^f. 


247 


Coeo,   :i.An.,   n^e  "If,    fonolo,   ncrrlod  r.nd  eepnrnted:   middle  pVnde  adron 
pliic  doriPntln  proocojc  hcbcohronln.      Fnthrr  married   three  tlr.icc.   all 
throe  \7lvoc  docortlnr   hlrr.;   he  ci:lclded  o,:e  {,!?.     Kothcr  dceerlci  her 
fuobond  und  ran  Qv;ny  '.vlth  nnothcr  nin.      Jate   ie  ciothcr  of  6  children, 
nil   In  hotncB ;   once   Ic  ■.vhlto,   nrrccted   In  n  colored   house.      Lhc   1e    111 
lltoroto.   docorto  her  hone  and   tulee  cnellc   of  wondcrlnp. 


B.S.V.U.   Second  consecutive  exposure,    10". 


B.S.V.ir.   First   e:cpOE'jre.    10". 


^rth  consecutire 


.V,!.;.  Fifth  consccBtive  cxuoEure,  10" 


B-b.V.;,..  Copied  from  cord. 


''\ 


Z.\'.y.   First  exposure.  10". 


Z.V.'.'.   LGcond  consccutivr. 
expoeure,  10". 


.V.;j.  Copied  from  cnrd. 


—  349  — 


-'utc,    H.Jo.,    a^e   r6,    nalc.    clnfle:    hlph  ^rode  noron.    marVcd   oeycVo- 
piit>ilc  conptUutlon.    J-  I'onllc   parcels.      Cool:;   woe   llvlnp  T.tth  a 
wonan;  woll-ltnown  pol.co  chariicter;   norphlniet  and  chronic   nlcohollc. 


?iret  exposure,    D" 


P.C.V.''.  "CC 


ond  consecutive  e>;poture,  10" 


E.'tJ.V.:.!.  Third  consecutive 
exposure.  10". 


B-i..V.:.:.  Fourth  coneecutive  exposure.  10" 


-S.V.M.  Fifth  consecutive  e7po£ure,  10' 
—  350  — 


.S.y.M.  Sixth  consec'-itive  exposure,  10 


E-S.V.l.'.  Seventh  consec-jtive  exoosin 


B-S.V.U.  Eighth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


B-S.V.l!.  i.'inth  coneccutiv 


e   exDosure,    10' 


B.S.V.r..    Copied  froni  card. 
—  251  — 


H.V.!.?.    First 


exDosure,    lo' 


H.V.!:.    fiecond 


oonsecT;tive   exnoeu 


Vive,    10' 


".V.?:.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


H.V.?.!.  Copied  fron;  ccrd, 
—  252  — 


.'.".    First   exTiosxiTc .    Ifr" /l^' 


Z.V.v.    Peconi  conscciitive   e.xposure,    lE'VlS' 


bird   consccTit  Ive   exposure,    If"/!^' 


'.V.?.'.    "or.rth  consecil  ive 
exposure.    ir"/16". 


Z.V.rr.    Copied   from  card. 
—  353  — 


Cate,  R.Jo. .  a^-e  TO.  mule,  single.   The  followlrif  vicual  mcmorv  r.£-. 
ohopnlhlc  tests  were  done  ten  days  later  than  thoee  Immedlatelv  ore 


B-S.V.U.  Second  consecutive  ezrosure.  10". 


B.S.V.M.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


B-&.V.1'.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure ,  10' 


B. S.V.I!. 'Fifth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


B.S.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 

—  ™'J4 


H.V.LI.  Ftret  exposure.  10' 


H.V.).'.  Second  oonseoi'tive  exposure,  10' 


H.y.:,:.  Th 


ird  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


II. v.!.'..  Copied  from  C5rd. 


^-iifc-.^. ....__.  '^MUL 


—  355 


Cnro,  7. Or,,   nfc'  n  ,  lu-.i.c,  narried-  >ir.d  ccofiTuica:    luLr  a\-cra(-e  in- 
•  tolllgenco  plue  pcj'chopnt.hlc  conetllution.  norphlnist  and  cocalniet, 
father  ape  57,  clerk,  very  nervous.  hlFh-lenpcred.   :;othcr  ape  4£. 
divorced  flrcl  huebnnd,  very  nervous,  underwent  treatment  for  her 
ncrvoc;  mother  hac  broihi-r  elnllurly  afflicted,  one  brother  dronk 
hlnrclf  to  death  at  ape  40.   Caec  got  to  elphth  frade  in  fchool,.haE* 
lllcjrl  t  Imrjte  child  now  £  yccre  old;  ehe  has  alternatod  in  worVing  and 
in  proet  itiition;  narried  two  years  nro  and  sulircnuently  left  her  hue- 
baad ;  hoc  been  \i6lng  cocnlne  and  norphine  for  yenre;  arrested  for 
rollcitlng. 


£.V.I,:.  F i ret 'exposure  .  10". 


E-t.V.l.'..  Second  consecutive  e^poEure.  10 


!*-£.  V. 


"hird  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


5-S.V.I,;.  Fourth  consecutive  e:^Tioeure.  10" 


,V.;.;.  Fifth  ccneeoutlve  expOBure.  10", 
—  256  — 


L   V.!'.    Siytl^  consecutive  exposure.    10' 


P-f. V.;'.   Seventh  concecutLve   exposure,    10". 


E--.V.:.'.    Elg-hth  consccx-.tive   cxpoeurc 
Copied   fron;  ccrd. 


H.V.L:.    First    e-ADOriirc.    1j' 


inicrl  froM  crd. 


357 


Caee,  H.An.,  ape  7A ,    female:  hlg^h  grade  moron  pine  dementia  praecox 
hebephrenia  plus  llpht  prnde  chronic  alcohollBm.   Repeatedly  arrested 
elnce  nfe   11;  hne  been  llvlnp  v/lth  a  man.  never  legally  married  to 
him;  pregnant  twice  but  aborted  each  time.   Arrested  5  tlmee  in  Morale 
Court.   Hae  profeeeed  religion  and  joined  the  church  three  times,  re- 
lapsed each  time.   Has  been  cocalnist,  inmate  of  disorderly  house; 
present  arrest  for  eoliciting.   School  age  7  to  14.  reached  4th  grade. 


E-S.V.J, 


Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 
—  858  — 


B-E.V.M.    Copied   from  card. 


259  — 


■^  1,    „,.^  f.1     m..t><>r  of  r.'^w,  prccodin»J  cficc:  fair  avcriago 
i?ricuJ  rlth  dauphlof .  harinp  mon  In  roome  for  Imr.orol  purpoeec. 


B-S.V.i:.  First  expoeure,  10" 


+M 


-- •  -5.  Second  con6ecutl%-e  exposure,  10 


—  260  — 


H.V.M.    Second   fionsecutive   erpos-ure,    10". 


H.V.U.    Third   consecutive   exposure.    10' 


K.V.?.'..    Copied   from  card. 


261  — 


J,  ./If,/  l^^^ 


'^ 


^v.     ■0wJ^V^'^ 


—  262  — 


PERFORMANCE  TESTS— DOMESTIC  RELATIONS  BRANCH 

CoEe,  '.Jo.,  age  43,  a&le.  nncried;  hl(:h  grade  Doron  plus  denentia 
praecox  katatoaia  plua  chronic  alcohollem.   This  Is  hi^  fifth  ar- 
rest In  Domestic  Relations  Court;  has  served  three  terms  In  House 
of  Correcllon;  present  arrest  drunkenness,  abuse  and  non-supoort. 


B.i,V,M.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


p-s.v 


,....    7inh  consec^tvv.   ex.o.«r..   10" 


^_< 


B-S.V.U.  copied  fron  csrd. 


.V.M.  First  exposure,  10". 


M 


H.V.M.   Second  oonBeciitive   expoBure,   lO" 


H.V.M.   Third  oonFeoiitive  exposu 


re,  la" 


H.V.M,  Fovrth  co«secwtivc  exposure.  10' 

—  264  — 


H.V.Ii.  ?lfth  consecutive  expoEure,  10". 


H.V.M.  Copied  from  cord 


2.V.M.  Flret  exposure 


.  U"/lt". 


i.V.11,  Second  ooneecutlve  eTpoeure,  16"/16'' 


Z.V.M.  Third  ooneecutlve  exposure,  16",  15" 


J.V.K.  Pourth  eonaeoutlve  exposure.  lfi"/16". 


—  265- 


Hue  been  mar- 


IwJhou"  Sruol.  .n«  "in  notv.ort: 


both  children  ore  doxcctivc, 
The 


kroohollc.  cruel  and  "l^l/°\;;°[^-  ^for  nurdcr  In  Oollet.  Th 
HuBband  hoB  brother  -oyvlng  »  ;^2^°1^|g'been  previously  arrested 
iTu   :^L"ln"ofa":;arrrt'frher\ucband  To?  eruelty  an.  non-sup- 
port,   yhe  has  attorapted  Dulclde  twice. 


^^ 


, Y.M.  First  exposure,  10' 


B.S.V.f.  Second  ooneecutlve  exposure,  10' 


B.S.V.M.  Third  consecutive 
exposure.  10". 


B.: 


.V.M.  Fourth  eoneecutive 
exposure,  lo". 

—  266  — 


E-S.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 


E.V.JJ.  piret  exposure,  lo" 


H.V.?.r.  Second  confecuttve  exoosure.  10" 


H.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 

—  :iGT  — 


Z.V.«.    First   exposure.    lb"/\b". 


Z.V.V.    a«conl   consecutire   expoEure,    16"/16". 


Z.V.M.    Copied   from  card. 


—  268 


Co'c  "  Kb.  nee   40.  female,  narried.  2  children:  low  grade  moron  pins 

Old  type!  8he  is   four  feet  eleven  inches  tall  and  weighs  107  pounds: 
it  took  throe  policemen  to  arrest  her. 


'/.:•.  First  expoEure.  10" 


-S.V.-.:.  i^econd  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


u  V  •■  "hl-d  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


/^ 


Q 


ft. 


5^  i^+.'/yf\'V*\fl 


\^~  ^V''  ^  /i  -  -g.E.V.!.!.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10 


H.V.i:.  First  exroEure.  10". 
—  2(59  — 


V  'I   Louonl  conECCuVlvo  pynopnr 

/ 


^ <-'''         p.  v.;-.   ?hlrd  coneeoutire  exposure,    10' 


H.V.?!.    Fourth   confecuti^'e   e^rnoeuio. 


ilh   cxunplc 


270  — 


Caee,  T.Al..  oge  43.  male,  nnrrled;  high  grade  noron  pluE  dementia 
praecox  hebeohrenla  plBB  demcntlo  paralytica  plus  olcohollsn.   HlB 
wife  hae  been  the  support  of  the  houee  for  some  tine.   He  contractea 
eyphllle  age  13.   Present  arfect  non-support. 


-^ 


-t 


^v 


,  / 


E-£.V.M.  First  exposure,  lO". 


\. 


-L'r^' 


B-S.V.i:,  teoond  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


B-£.V,1'..  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


?-:.'.'. r.    t'oplel   froTi  enrd. 


—  271 


.V.M.   Plret  expoeure.    15'7l6" 


.V.M.    Second   oonseoutivo   expoEiire.    16"/1E 


.V.I,'.   Third  conEecutivc  pxposure.    IB'/IS" 


"o.oiei   froTi  o 


—  279  — 


d^;^^'  ^ 


^^^ 


27:{  — 


CaBo.    I.. I?.,    nge  tS.   male,    n.arrlod;    hlj?h  jrade   rr.oron.    ntyoVopntvic 
conelUutlon  plue  domontln   pnrnlyllcn   plur   chronic   '■Icohollfm.    Hoe 
one  chll'l   llvlnp-   has   deecrled   fnmll.v   at    Intervalt    rlrht   'ilonp: 
Blfo   haE   had   to  rupport  hoiite;   he    it   abusive   nnl   threatens   her  lll'e, 
Hae   had   delirium  treraene ;    pot  ne   far  ae    fifth  grade    In   echool;   has 
f.orved  five  eentenoee    In  Houpc   of  Correction:    prcfcnt   arrcet    croclty 
nnd   non-cunport. 


.Y.U. 

I^  Pirst  exposure.  10"' 


B-S.V.U.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


Ird  consecutiTe  exoosure.  10" 


275  — 


—  27G  — 


E-E.V.:,:.  Eighth  consecutive  exposure 


xposure,  10' 


B-S,V.I,;.  Ninth  consecutive  exposure 


B-£.V.i!.  Copied  from  card. 


H.V.I.!.  Second  conseoutlve  expoeure,  10' 


H.V.K.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  lOr 


R.v.M.  Copied  from  card. 

—  278  — 


'^-se,   .-i.An. .  fent^le,  narrl 

pra     " 

has 


Ity 


B-i.V.!i.  First  exposure.  10". 


V 


a 


B-S.V.U.  Second  consecutlre  exposure,  10". 


a 


H.V.M.  Third  coneecutiTe  exposure,  10". 


I 


^V>7'7n/lyK7vyrv^->fV7--^\A*'-'^^^^ 


B-E.V.H.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 

B-E.V.i:.  Fifth  eoneecutlve  exposure,  10". 


>/-/^/'rY     lA^A'^^ 


-S.V.I!.    oUth   consecutive  erpoeure,    10" 

—  a79  — 


J     1 


o 


B-S.V.M.  Seventh  consecutiTe  exposure,  10". 


B-S.V.y.  iUnth  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


—  280 


-1 


;  J^-S.V.u.  Copied  from  cai 


\/Vwv 


H.V.K.  First  exposure.  10 


VfwYOrvVV\^^/\/Vv...^vvvVVVVl/v^^ 


\  ] 


jixLi,^     ,-£Aw-<f"  -€^Cuc^      .£„^,,,^£^      ^<Z^,  ^.ti-.*.-*^  ^^^Zi^,.^,^  i^^'*^ J^^"^^ 
J.^-^-v^,-*-^^/^*-'  'l^        ■£.^^^-^..,-.-^.     ^.'^i'      ^.<^^r^     /^■-'-^^^     -^^-^^^ 

H.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure.  10".-  ' 


T 

H  V  V.  Third  oonsecvtlve  exposure.  10". 
—  ;i8i  — 


w 


M^ 


-i^  'T'UL^a^i^'Z/     Xl-^A^t^  .^c^^y'-'^^yt/   /i?-t-tf<^ 


H.V.K.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


-^rVYVVVVXA/^^^^^^^^^^^^^/^^^VVv/lA/V/v^^^-xA/xAv^^^ 


H.V.).^  Copied  from  card, 


Symbol.  First  exposure  with 


card. 


Caee.  II. 0.,  ag«  46,  female,  wife  of  CO.  High  grade  moron  plus 
dementia  praecox  hebephrenia  plus  light  grade  chronic  alcohol- 
Ism  pluB  preparalytic  dementia  (conjugal  pareele). 


B-S.7.y.  Second  consecutive  expocure,  10" 


B-S.V.!.!.  Third  consecutive  expoeure,  10". 


B-C.V.','.    Fifth 


oo.neeoutive  exposure,    lo". 
—  283  — 


i.V.H.   Ninth  consecutive  exposure,    10" 


S-E.V.!'.   Tenth  concccutlve   oxpoi.-ure,  -ith  cxoir.plc. 


284 


V.!.;.   7hird  consecutiTe  expjEure.    10 


//  Symbol  with   eianple. 

—  285  — 


Caic.  I.. tin.,    nfc   39.  fcmnLc.    rwnricd,  Antr  lean:  hlph  pr'Me  "loron  plus 
dementia  praocox  hebophrnnln  nluE  chronic  filcohollEm;  she  hie  served 
Uo  torma  In  the  Houee  of  Correction.   Her  raothcr  v.ne  imirrled  twice, 
liepnraled  from  aeoond  hurbnnd,  wlo  wkb  n  chronic  alcoholic;  nother 
hnd  «  brother  In  the  baetnrdy  court,  entered  In  forced  narrlaje. 
;aee  has  had  her  hutband  In  Donveetlo  ;<clattone  Court  eleven  tlmee  ; 
he  tried  to  poison  her  three  tlmee;  ehe  tried  to  conmlt  suicide  once ; 
ehe  has  deluelonc  of  Infidelity;  now  hae  her  hiieband  In  Doneetic  Re- 
latione Court  for  non-eupport  and  docs  not  want  to  live  with  him. 
He  iB  ape  45'.  Polish.  In  U.£.  since  eighteenth  year;  he  Is  a  chronic 
alcoholic  and  hae  eerved  a  torn  In  the  Houee  of  Correction.   His  fa- 
ther is  also  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  cruel  to  his  wife.   They  have  Z 
eons  living- ,  both  have  been  arrested.   The  visual  memory  psychopathic 
test  of  one  of  f-o  rons.  J'.Pr..  afe  IB.  is  {-iven  with  the  Po.ve  Court 
cases. 


First  exposure.  10" 


iecond  consecutive  exposure.  10 


V.r.  Vhird  coneccTitive  exposure.  10 


tive  exposnro,  10" 


B  S  V  U  Fifth  consecutive  expos-re.  10". 
—  286  — 


.S.V.y.    iji;<th  conrec'Jtive   or.posure,    10' 


B-E.V.U.    Soverith  cor.secutive   exposure.    10' 


.S.V.M.    Zighth   concecutii-e   cxpoEi;re,    10' 


B-S.V.Y.    CoBied   from  curd, 


287  — 


n 


H.V.W.   First   exposi;ro,    10' 


H.  \'.V.    Socor^d 


cor.secutire  e:-: 


post;  re.    IQ' 


H.V.M.   Third  consecutive   expoetire,    10' 


cuD 


H,V,V,    Corled   froq  cnrd 


"  ^f  -^^,^--0 


^388  — 


Cecc.  I'-. Bo.,  a^e  '..'',.    male,  narried:  of ropfhebephrenia  plui'  prepara- 
lytic denentia  plus  chronic  alcoholisn.   Carried  14  years,  one  child 
living  ape  G,  ie  feeble-alnded.   Has  deserted  his  wile  and  child  a 
'couple  of  times;  has  delusions  of  infidelity;  threatens  vrife'e  life. 
She  is  a  high  grade  coron.   Case  has  always  been  a  ne 'cr-do-77ell  and 
she  has  altjays  had  to  look  out  for  her  b-rn   support.   He  is  out  of 
House  of  Correction  two  days,  where  he  has  .lust  served  a  terra,   fife 
had  to  have  him  arrested  again  as  he  threatens  her  life. 


3-S.V.I.:.  First  exposure.  10". 


^k' 


/ 


u 


E-t.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exoosure.  10". 


B-S.V.M.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


B-S.V.X  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


3-S.V,U.  Fifth  consecutive  exoosure  10" 
—  289  — 


CvA 


,0 


B-t.V.I.:.    sixth  consecutive   enosure,    10" 


l^ 


-S.V.K.  Copie'l  from  cnrd. 


H.V.J,;.  First 


exposure.  In", 


H.V.".  Second  consecutive  cJ:DO£ure,  10" 


H.V.r.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


il.V.t'.  Fourth  consecutive  excosure,  10" 


H.V.r.  Copied  from  card. 


—  ^90 


27,  feaiile,  r.arricd;  hifh  grade  moron  plus  denentia 


.'ii;c,  ;..  r..  age  -Li,    leaiiie,  .T.arricd;  hifh  grade  moron  plus  denentia 
praecoj:  kttntonia  (pnronoid)  plus  chronic  alcohollsn,  oomnitled  to 
the  PsychopAthlc  Hofpltal;  she  i^as  discharged  fron  one  of  the  S^tnte 
VoEpllaTB  for  the  Insane  '  r-.onths  ago;  Ehe  has  dclrrions  of  Infidel- 
ity ani  BlEo  Eex  ieluElons  ooncerninc  her  toy,  ape  IE;  neighbors 
have  httd  to  call  on  police  at  freqr.ent  interi-Qls  to  quell  her.   tihe 
»a6  prevlouEly  arreeted  and  Is  nov;  arrested  for  creating  n  dletiir- 
bence  in  the  neighborhood,  on  the  conclaint  of  the  neithbore.  Her 
husband  is  s  chronic  alcoholic  and  dererted  her  three  or  four  tlm«6. 


B-b.V.ir.  Third-  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


B-S.V.M.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  lO-"* 


B.E.V.K.  Sixth  consecutive  expoEure,  10". 


B.S.V.M.  Seventh  consecutive  exposure.  10- 

—  291  — 


B-b.'.V-  Klphth  conEecutivs  oxnoBure,  10 


B. S.V.I'.  Ninth  consecutive  exposure,  10 


B.S.V.M.  Tenth  coneecutive  exposure,  10". 


B-S.V.M.  Copied  from  card 


V.L".  First  exposure,  10" 


^  m 


U.V.M.  icco 


nd  coa'-ecutlvc  e:cpoE'jre,   10" 


H.7.V.   Third  consecutive  e:tposure ,   10" 


C3n 


H. 7.1:7  Fourth  ooneecutiv 


e  cxooeure.  10" 


—  292 


Symbols.  Copied  from  card 


iJ 


U 


Symbols.  Copied  from  card. 


A^n^o. 


yyyu<^  ~J^ 


—  293 


PRAIRIE  DIVISION 
TO  BE  INSPECTED 
IN  TWO  WEEKS 

Ca/pp  Ix»r»n.  noimion.  T»x  %  Marah 
1^.<i_(8p«olAll— Another  4h»p«^n^n-  irf' 
ttifi  rrnlrlo  dlvldlon  In  to  b*  hold  in  <*o 
\vc«l(«.  Thl»  nnhouncMn*r»t  viom  Riad* 
lodoy  nt  dlvtalon  h»«iiquttrt«r».  '  Th» 
inupccllon  Ju»l  nnlBbod  Viii*  Iftly  th^ 

"Xho  mw  of  the  dlvlsldn  nr*  rt(p«ct« 
In  •how  a  afcat  a«al  i>^  Improvement, 
within  th«  n«xt  two  w*cki«.  Defects , 
hare  be«n  polritod  out  t,o  the  orgAfl- 
i/Htlon  commantJerH  and  theue  defects 
aiT  e:i[wct»d  to  he  remedied  at  onc^-* 

SerKt.  Claufl*-  K.  Mn«on  and  Private 
Uoland  Pyc  of  Company  M  of  the  On« 
Hundred  nnd  Thirty second  Infantry 
«cro  tried  by  a  court-martial  thla 
inornlnc  on  a.  charaq  tfiat  they  had 
ronaplred  to  ithoot  aflichi  other  In  order 
to  eHi;»p»  military  service. 


\    -t 


294 


Case.  C.Jo.,  age  27,  female,  married:  imbecile,  dementia  praccoz 
hebephrenia  plus  chronic  alcoholism.   J.:arried  10  years.  4  children 
living,  all  are  defective.  She  has  served  two  terms  in  House  of 
Correction;  wanders  off,  leaves  children,  f^ets  irunk  and  consorts 
with  other  men;  husband  has  deserted  her. 


B-b.V.LI.  First  exposure,  10' 


-S.V.IJ.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


-S.V.M,  Copied  from  card. 


Caee,  L.Ir..  ape  39,  female,  married:  psychopathic  constitution  plus 
chronic  alcohol it-m.   Husband  had  her  brought  in. 


J^ 


B-£,V.M.  First  exposure.  10". 


tiFiB 


0., 


B-S,V,M.  becond  consecutive  eypoeure,  10". 


3-b,V.n.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


3-£.V.l^  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  lo' 


.a^ 


.-> 


E-S.V.M.  Fifth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


E-S.V,i:.  Copied  from  card. 


Cose.  S.Ed.,  age  29.  nnle,  married:  high  grade  borderland  sroelopath 
plus'dementia  praecox  hebephrenia  plus  chronic  alcoholieni.   Married 
14  years,  wife  divorced  him  once  for  chronic  alcoholiem.  cruelty 
and  non-Bupport ;  she  remarried  him;  his  v.-ife  is  psychopathic;  they 
have  one  child  who  inherits  the  parents'  psychopathy.   Case  has  dey 
lusions  of  infidelity;  has  had  two  arrests  in  Domestic  Relations 
Court;  wife  supnorte  the  family.   Preser,t  arrest  cruelty  n^irt  non- 
support. 


B-S.V.M.  Firet  exnotu.re, 


10" 


E-S.V.;/.  Second  concecutive  expocure,,  10' 


-S.V.y.  'rhird  consecutive  exoosurc.  10' 


B-t;.V..V,  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


B-S.V.\f.  Fifth  cont;ecutl 


ve  exposure.  10". 
-297  — 


3-S.V.l-'..  Siyth  consecutive  exnosure.  10' 


B-S.V.M.  Seventh  conseci;tive  eypoEure,  10". 


B-E.V.M.  Cot>ied  from  card. 


—  298  — 


R.V.M.  First  exposure,  10' 


H.V.I.I.  Second  consecutive  expoEiire,  10' 


H.V.H.  Third  consecutive  eyposure,  10' 

1 


H.V.V.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


H.V.K.    Copied   from  card. 
-    -  2\)\>  -  - 


Caoc.   W.Jto..   ftgo  f-l.    female,   mnrrled:    fair  averoce    Intelligence, 
dementia  pruocox   pluo  prcsonllc  dementia  plue  chronic  alcohollen. 
Che   had    token   16  curoc   for   olcohollcn  v.ithout    rccult.    HuBband 
pej'chopnthlc  plue  chronic  alcoholic.   Four  children  living.   She   le 
quarrolromo,   fibuslvc.   uaec  vile  language.    Brought    Into  court  on 
account   of  nbuEe   and   slcoholiEir.. 


,V.y.    First   exposjure     10" 


-w.V.M.    Second   consecutive   exposure.    10". 


E-S.V.Kr.    Third  consecutive   exposure. 


B-S.V.V-    Fourth   conEccutive   exposure,    10" 


-^:^ 


E-i;.V.:.!.  Fifth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


B-r.V.a.  Eixth  eonsecuti 


ve  exposure.  10". 


—  300  — 


-S.V.I'.  Seventh  consecutive  exoosure,  10' 


-S.V.l'u  Eighth  consecutive  exooFure,  10". 


B-S.V.ii.  ninth  consoeutlve  exnoeure.  10" 


B-S.V.;.i.  'Jenth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


_P 


B-S.V.j:.    Copied  Irom  card. 
—  301 


Cucf  CO.   Qpc  43.  male,  mfrried:  lov/  grade  sociopath  pluE 
domcnlla  proecox  hebephrenia  plue  chronic  alcohollem  plue 
dementia  paralytica.  He  Id  the  hueband  of  II. 0.   v.hoee  teste 
follow.  Prccenl  arrest  non-cupport  and  abuee. 


t.    t 


-\ 


>.'-.'/. v..  'fMret  exposure.  10" 


^. 


£ 


B.S.V.y.  ;:econd  consecutive  exposur   10' 


P 


3-S.V,I.;.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  v.ith  example. 


L'vmbol  v.-ith  example. 


—  302  — 


./ 


o^-.M^a-'^.^^  -^  rfi:A^-^^ 


^  ^  '^     //  ''^ 


303  — 


Colo,  .'Mil.,  n(!0  Z'J ,   male,  married:  high  prade  moron  pluc  dcncntla 
prnocox  hclicphronlc  pluc  chronic  ulcoholicm.   '.Vlfe  hifh  grfedo  moron; 
thoy  hove  7  children  llvln»r;  he  hoo  had  delirium  trenene ,  ie  very 
abuolvoi  brooks  up  furniture  and  dlehee.   V.'lfe  has  been  the  princi- 
pal support  of  the  family  for  years;  he  has  had  throe  arrcets  In  the 
past  year,   i'rccent  arrect  drunkenness,  abure  and  non-support. 


B-t;.V.r..  First  exposure,  10". 


IV.s.  \'.  y\       Set'oiul  conspciitive  extmsuro.   1(»". 


—  .V.w.  Third  consecutive  exposure  ,■•  10' 


—  304  — 


re,  10' 


3.S.V.!.!.    Fifth   consecutive   oxt50eurc.    10" 


J.S.V.V..  ^l^th  consecutive  e^poeure 


B.S.V.l'..  Seventh  concecu 


tivc  exposure ,  10". 


B-S.  V.  M.   Kii^^lith  (•(Hiseciitivo  pxposiiro.     Cdjiied   from  canl. 


—  :!05 


H.V.V.  ?lr8t  ercoeuro,  10' 


H.V.U.  Seoond  conEecutlve  expoBure,  10 


^   , 


'-^^      ■% 


—  306 


CuBe,  H.Ot.,  age  44,  nalo,  oarriod:  hlfh  grade  r.oron,  pcj-cbopclhlc 
conEtltutlon  plus  chronic  Slcohollcn.  Heachcd  fifth  grade  In  echool. 
Vifc  pEychopathic.  has  boen  orrected  for  dlcordcrly  conduct,  cen- 
tcQced  to  !:ouEe  of  Correction  for  a  year.  He  has  had  four  arreste 
in  the  Domeetio  Relatione  Court;  they  have  5  children  livinp.   Ke 
ha8  deserted  his  family. 


C.V.i:.  First  exDOture.  10". 


E-S.V.;.:.  ijeooni  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


vm 


E-;i.V.!~.  Copied  from  card. 


H.V.".  First  exposure.  10" 


V  •!.  Seconi  oontcculiTC  exposure.  10' 


H.V.:; 


fl 


P.V.!'.  Copied  frora  cnrd. 


—  SOI 


Coeo   C.Ed,,  ago  ZS.    fcnolo.  married;  average  Intcll Ucnce  dTub  no 
mcntia  praeco^  parnnoldoe.   mmUnd  had  her^rouphtnto  Court  hnl 
been  ranrrlod  ir  yenre.  hoB  3  children   'he  ipft  v»^  v,,  =  >-  j  .•,   ° 
once  for  17  months,  another  time  for  7  monthl   s^^ ^o^v?"'*  *""=* 
a  couple  Of  years  ago;  tholr  en?lre  married  life  hle^beon'onroTn' 
tense  friction;  has  delusions  concerning  her  hulband  "" 


--S.V.M.  Second  coneecutl 


ve  exposure.  10 


B-B.V,M. 

rhlrd  consecutive  exoosure.  10' 


/ 


g-'j;.  V.;.:.    Fourth   consecutive   exposure,    10"     ~' 


\l 


E-S.V.I.:.  Fifth  consecutive  exoosure,  10". 


—  r^os  — 


B-S.V.:^.  Copied  from 


H.V.;.:.  First  expoEure.  10". 


I r 


H.V.i:.    Second  conL■ec^;tlve   exposure.    10" 


I'..    Copied   from  cerd. 


I 


—  309  — 


Ciiec     y.Va.,   Aire   '.P.    I'er.Mlo,    r.-irricl:   YiXrh  Fr'ide  roron.    icicritia 
proccox   hcbophrcrilo,    pi"?.   llK^t-   rrndc   chronic  olcohollcr-.. 


B-t.V.;.:.  Firet  cxpoeu 


E-£.V.!.:.  Second  consecutive  exposure. 


10- 


B-ii.V.::.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10 


S-E.V.:.:.  Fourth  consecutive  exporure.  10' 

—  nio  — 


jn    -nzi         ,^  l_j 


LI 

-E.V.l.I.    ?ifth   consecutive    eynomre,    10 


/ 


B--.V.L!.  Siy.th  concecutive  exposure,  10 


B-^.V.U.  Seventh  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


E-t.V.;.;.  Copied  from  card 


—  :!ll 


H.V.M.  First  exposure.  10" 


H.V.If.  Second  ooneecutive  exposure,  10' 


H.V.K.  copied  from  card. 


—  312 


CsEG,  P. Ad.,  age  C£,  fenalc:  high  grade  noron  plus  dementia  praecox 
paranoides.   Father  separated  fron  wife,  v.as  drov-ned.   Mother  mnr- 
ried  three  tines,  first  husband  drorned.  second  divorced,  third  hus- 
band deserted  her.   Case  married  ofe  ??,  husband  is  livinp  rlth 
another  woman,  runs  illicit  Ijir.   One  son  age  24,  single,  ne'er-do- 
well;  another  son  now  under  arrest  In  Boys  Court,  ■ne'er-do-well  Hire 
father;  another  son  age  10  In  Juvenile  Court;  son  age  18  war  sen- 
tenced to  House  of  Correction. 


B-£.V.Ii.  First  cjtpOEure.  10". 


E-S.V.!.;.  ijecond  oonsecutlve  e/posure.  10" 


E-E.V.I,:.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


E-S.V.i;.  Fourth  oonsccutiTe  exposure,  10 


B-K.V.U.  Fifth  conEeoutive  ejposure,  10" 


313 


ev-..,,i„ "    ■,      f>:"Ot!.i-o.    ■.■■it). 


—  314  — 


Case,  E.Ua..  age  23,  female,  single:  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia 
praeoox  hebephrenia  plus  preparalytic  dementia  plus  chronic  alcohol- 
lem.  '.Vas  adopted  from  a  home,  ran  away  from  foster  parents  age  13; 
flTe  arrests  in  Morals  Court,  present  arrest  after  living  with  a  man 
for  about  a  year. 


, V.f.'.  First  exposure,  "10". 


Second  consecutive  exposure,  lo 


E-b.V.L'.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


B-i;.V.M.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


31.5  — 


E-S..V.M.    Fifth  consecutive   exposure,    10' 


B_S.'V.U.    Copiecl    froni  caril. 


—  nifi  — 


Case.  t.Ui..    arc   fO.  .r.alo.  mnrricd:  fair  avcrnrc  i?i1  cl'i  Ircnco .  fc.-jilc 
dement  i'l  pluG  chronic  ulcoholirm  plui;  pcychopathic  conctitut  ion.   ''.tg 
been  arrested  nine  times,  served  eight  termc  in  the  House  of  Correc- 
tion; ho  has  tal-on  five  or  six  of  the  procinent  curer  for  alcrfholipm 
v.-itho'jt  result.   Present  arrest  non-support  and  drun/cnnees. 


wMMVa 


uv 


First  exposure,  10". 


B-S.V.:...  Second  contecutive  exposure.  10 


-S.V.:.:.  Third  consecutive  e>:poBure  10" 


B-S.V. r..  Copied  frorn  csrd 
—  31 


Cofe,  'V.Au.,  (ipe  £1,  malo.  narrled:  hlfh  frade  borderlsnl  noron  plTis 
domcntla  praocox  hcucphronln  plus  periodical  nlcohollem.  V.as   6  chil- 
dren llvlnp,  3  dead;  hns  had  4  arreete  In  post  year;  he  has  delueionc 
of  infidelity,  nccuccB  v/lfc  of  all  eorts  of  bestlollty,  etc.   ?recent 
orrcct  .drun}<onne8E ,  nbiitc  and  non-cupport. 


^' 


^ 


P-£.V.!.;.  First  exposure.  10' 


E-S.V.^J.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


H-L'.V.IJ.  Copied  fro3i  card. 


. V.i;.  First  exposure.  10' 


H.V.'.'..  Second  consecutlTe  exposure,  10". 


K.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 


:318  — 


Caee,  ^.Ca.,  age  £0.  female:  high  grade  moron  plus  dcnontla  pruecox 
hebephrenia  plus  chronic  aloohollen;  reached  sixth  prade  in  rchool. 
"arrled  age  21  to  first  husband,  remarried  one  year  after  first  hus- 
band's death;  her  husband  is  a  chronic  alcoholic,  Vas  deserted  her 
a  couple  of  times,  and  she  has  deserted  him  twice,   the  has  been  in 
the  State  Insane  Asylum  at  Kankakee,  has  taken  and  broken  the  niedpe 
several  timcE.   In  court  contributing  to  the  delinouency  of  her  chil- 
dren. 


B-K.V.H.  First  exDoeure  10" 


B.E.V.M.  Second  coneicutlve  exposure.  10 


E-E.V.M.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


P.f.V.H.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


B.E.V.K.  Pifth  conseevtlve  exposur*,  10' 
—  3 1 !)  --- 


4 


I. v..    Llxth  consecutlTB  expoEure.  10" 


B.E.V.M,  Seventh  ooneec 


utive  expoBure,  10". 


J.E.V.II. 
Eighth  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


lvc-i/i(,  w-^L  A^i-t  ^y,  /2^y^/^.  c^^— r  ; 

^jrUc^^x^  a-it-x^?,     C^^^xC    ^^^"^ 


—  320  — 


TV 


H.V.?,'.    Eecond   coneecutlve   expos\;re,    10". 

3, 


H.V.M.    Copied   fron  card 


—  321 


Cnee  Y.Ert.  npe  ZB.   male.  Elngle:  fair  Qverere  Intelligence  plus  de- 
mentia prnieoxp^raAoldeB.   He  IE  also  oocolnlet  and  morpv.iniet   A 
ehSrt  roBumo  of  hlB  hlEtory  le  elvon  in  the  appendly..   .Ve  commuted 
hlra  to  the  -.ychop.ithlc  Hot-pi tnl.   '.I-.cec  vlEunl  nernorieE  are  given 
to  lUuBtrate  the  point  that  v.hilc  to  the  cREual  observer  they  do  not 
eho^  any  narked  peculiar ItieE.  nevertheleEs  to  the  pFychopatholosir.t 
?amiUar  clth  the  peycholofj  of  dementia  praecox  and  superimpoEed 
narcotism,  they  speak  volumes.  It  tein?  largely  a  matter  of  technical 
knowledge. 


E.S.V.M.  First  exposure,  10" 


□ 


B  S  V  M.  second  consecutive  exposure.  10" 

Q 


B-S.V.II.  Copied  from  card 


'..V.K.  First  exposure.  10' 


H.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure. ' 10" 


^•■••.M.    Third 


conFeciitive  oyposcre,    ic 


H.V.),T.    Copied   fror^  card. 


ti  k 


^^A^~^-^L^c(^  -  "=^~^ 


;0  (► — ~  .iX^-,o7Zw^oC^ 


A^^w 


Ip-^^— I"'  ^^  -^^^..^j^.,,^  jp 


uv^ 


—  323  — 


fCui-u .    ...J/Iu..    ttge  VI.    lemule.    Mirrlrd:    low  gre.'ic   Tjoron.    Jp^neiAia  prap. 
COT!  hcbophrnplH   plus   nhronlc   alcobollcm.    Married   14  years,    5   livirf 
ohllilron;   her  huebnnd    Ib   defective,    elcobollc;   bea1  k   snrl   abi;seB  hpr 
and   hes   contributed   little   or  nothing  to    t)ie   siiprort  of  tte  Xamily. 
Sho   tr.  oomplulnlng  wltneee  against  o  rran  ^hon  8^c  Hcoiisee   of  rnpr: 
oho  hue   tried   to  blackmail  ueveral   o'hcr  rr.on  alon,^   1'>in    llrn   l.::t 
onsos  wore  olthor  thrown  out  of  court  or  disrirecd. 


S.V.M.  Plrst  exposure.  10" 


B. E.V.I'.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10 


E-S.V.If.  Vhtrd  consecutive  e~T30s-rc 


,•  ?ourth  consecutiTe  exposure.  10" 


B-3.V.M.  Fifth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 
—  324  — 


P.S.V.W.  Sixth  oor.recutiv 


ive  exposure,  lo' 


B-S.V.X.  Seventh  consecutive  exposure,  10 


exposure.  16"/16" 


Z.V.v.  Second 


consecutive  exnocure,  15"/15" 


S.V.M.  Third  coneecutlve  exnoi 


V.V,  Copied  fron:  card. 


urc.  10" 


—  325  — 


CnEP.    R.Fr.,    npc   ?.l,   mnlfi,    Blnplc;    middle  pr&de   moron,    derrjontln  pr»ie- 
cox  hcbcohrpiiln   nluK   llp)il  grade  chronic  alcoholism.      He   Is  a  "Jack 
the   Peeper."  Ihlc    It-  cause  of  pretont  nrrcet.      School  aye  6  to  14. 
renrVird    foiirlh   crndc. 


D 


-^.V.y..   First   e^pofure.    10" 


B-1-..V.M.    Seooni   oonseoutlve   ey.poEiire.    10'' 


B-ij.V.t:;    Third   consecutive   exposure,    10". 
—  326  — 


( 


B.'^.V.!i.  l-'ourth  consecutive  exposure,  lo' 


0    nP 


-i'.V.J.;.  Fifth  consecutive  eipofure.  10' 


E-ii.V.!,'.  ii7th  consecutive  e  ooi-ure,  10' 


H.V.M.   First  ext3osure.    10" 


.V.?i.   Second  consecutive  exposure.    10". 


H.V.M.    Copied  fror.  card. 


^28 


V.M.  Seventh  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


i3 


B-b.V.W.  Eighth  consecutive  exposure.  10' 


■=-£.V.!.!.  Copied  from  card. 


—  329  — 


.     V  no       aire  zt .    female,  single:  high  grade  Imbecile  plue 
leAtU  prioooi  hebephrenia.  School  7  to  12.  eecond  grade: 
leent  arreet.  disorderly  conduct. 


cae 

dement 

present  arree 


^O 


B-S.V.y.   Second  coneecntlve  errpoeure,     30";     . 


di 


B-S.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 


Z.V.i;.  Fire 


t  exposure,  15"/15".  I 


Z.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 
/   > 


.,th  example  before  her. 


Case,  A.Jo.,  age  34,  male,  morried:  high  grade  moron  plus  epilepsy 
plus  chronic  alcoholisn.   Previous  arrest  abont  a  year  apo.  sent  to 
the  House  of  Correction;  present  arrest  non-Eupoort.   Carried  9 
years.  3  children  living. 


E-i:.V.!.'.  First  exposure.  10" 


i:.V.I.:.  Copied  fTOH   card. 


B.V.M.  First  exposure,  10' 


H.V.I.:.  Second  consrcutive  expoeure,  10' 


a.V.H.  Copied  from  card. 


—  3:{:i  — 


CiiEc.  R.Ar.,  age  28.  male,  single:  middle  frade  cioron  plus  de- 
mentia Draeoox  hebenhrenio  plus  lij-ht  depree  chronic  alcoholisrr 
School  6  to  14.  fourth  grade;  has  been  in  Juventle  Court.  He- 
form  School  and  Houce  of  Correction;  present  arrest  larceny. 


-S.V.i:.  r'irst  eipoEure.  10" 


--.v.;.:.  Second  consecutive 


B.S.v.M.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  lo" 


.v.. v..  ."•'oiirth  consecutive  eToosurc 


—  333  — 


V.y.  Fifth  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


P-S.V.L:.  Sixth  consecut 


ecutive  exposure,  10" 


Seventh  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


E-t.V.l'.  F.ipl-th  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


JU 


J-S.V.I.'..    Copied   from  cord. 
—  334  — 


Case.  P.Ee..  ag.e  25.  male,  single,  low  grade  sociopath  pins  dener.tia 
praecoj:  hebephrenia  plus  preparalytic  dementia  (euphoric  stute).  He 
has  6  brothers  living,  all  chronic  alcoholics;  he  has  been  arrested 
on  4  previous  occasions,  serving:  short  sentences  each  time.  Present 
arrest  sniashing  iev.elry-store  window  with  a  brick  and  stealing  jewel- 
ry; had  his  initial  luetic  lesion  at  age  15. 


Docure.  10' 


B-S, 


V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


;.S.V.IA.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


-S.V.M.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure.  10 
—  335  — 


B-S.V.M.  Fifth  conrecutlve  exposure,  10 


B-£.V.Ii.  Sixth  consecutive  exposure.  10'' 


E_£.V.V..  Seventh  con 


-S.V.M.  Klghth  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


B-S.V.I.'..  -linth  consecu 


tive  exposure,  10". 


536  — 


?-iJ.  v.". .  Tenth  consecutive  exposure,  10 


?-i;.V.!.:.  Eleventh  consecutive  exposure.  10 


E-S.V.I.;.  Thirteenth  consecutive  cypoi.-ure,  10' 


B-S.V.M.  Fourteenth  conrccutlve  ryroruro,  10". 


-S.V.V.    ?lfteenth  consecrilive  expos-ure.    10", 


P-ii.V.y.  Sixteenth  confecutive  eypoEure,  10". 


--. /.I.r.  Seventeenth  coneecuti 


B-E.V.I.'.  Kijrhteenth  consecutii'e  exposure,  10' 


B-S.V.lu'.  Nineteentn  coneeci:tiv 


ive  exposure.  10' 


B-S.V.M.  Twentieth  consecutlye  exposure,  10' 
—  338  — 


E-S,V.j,:.  Twenty-first 


B-S.V.!.:.  Twenty- 


ve  exposure.  10" 


I'-S.V.I.:.    Twenty-Ecventh  conseciitlve   exroeiire,    10". 


B-S.V.M.    Twenty-eighth  consecutive   exposure.    10' 


P-K.V.!.'..    Thirty-first  consecutive   exposure.    10". 
—  340 


B-2.V.M.    Thirty-second  consecutive   exposure     10" 


5-S.V.:;.    Thirty-fourth  consecutive   exposure.    10" 


cTpo^ 


.re.   1^" 


—  341  — 


T-E.V.K.  Thirty-sixth  consecutire  exposure,  10 


B-S.V.K.  ?hirty-£eventh  conEeci;tive  ertiOEure,  10" 


Ib-S.V.K.  Thirty-eighth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


'E-E.V.I.;.  Thirty-ninth  consecutive  exposure.  10" 
--:542  -- 


B.S.V.M.  Copied  from  card 


H.V.U.  Third  ooDBeoutlve  exposure.  10". 

—  :{4:j  — 


.M.   Fourth  r;onEeci;live  exposure.    10' 


H.V.y.    Fifth  consecutive   evposiire,    10 


Synbol  'Jtilh   exa-.ule 


344 


arrest  attackinp  a  woman. 


Y^ 


•  S.Y.tT.  First  exposure.  10'' 


B.?,.','.r..  Second  coneecutlve  exoostire.  10". 


E-S.V.I.;.  Third  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


B.S.Vii;.  Fourth  consecutive  exposure",  10' 


B.-.V..".  Fifth  consecutive  o::poE 


;ro.  10  ■ 


.V.M.  Sixth  consecutive  exposure,  10' 

--  :u.")  - 


.V.L'..    Copied   from  cara. 


—  346  — 


Caee.  F.Sl.,  epc  ?1.  nalo.  flnslc:  hifh  c'^aic  inibecile  olus 
dercentia  praecox  hebephrenia.  Attended  tchool  ope  6  to  14 . 
remained    In  first  pra'lc:   present  arr.ect  at^noVinp  little  s'"^- 


5.£.V.l'..    First   exposure.    W 


B.E.V.!'.    Second   consec 


B.S.V.!!.    Copied   from  card. 


Olaraond  drawn  rith   example  before  hln, 
Square  drawn  Tilth  example   before  him. 


—  347 


Cute.  A. LI.,  ape  C7,  male,  mnrrled.  unlvorrlty  c;radutile  born  In 
iiwcdon.  in  U.S.  over  SO  years:  nvcrafc  intelligence  plus  dcr:;enlia 
nrnecox  katntonia  pluE  prerenile  dementia.   He  was  a  literar.v  man 
and  nowtpaper  writer;  wae  previously  arroeted;  now  arreeted  on  con- 
plnlnt  of  people  whom  he  was  annoying. 


-S.V.y.  First  wtpoBure.  lO' 


E-£.V.M..    Second   conEecutive    exoosnre.    10 


B-S.V.M.    Third   consecutive   ex 


posure,  10' 


r-S.(.y.  Fourth  consecutive  exnosure,  10' 

—  348  — 


1    I 


j.i.V.Ll.  Fifth  oomecutive  exposure.  10" 


X^i      Seventh  conEccutive  exposure.  10" 


E-S.V.'.:.  Copied  from  card. 


K.V.!'.  First  exooeure.  10' 
—  340  — 


n.v.i,,.    Secoud  consecutive   expocure.   lo" 


ivincolf.    CopieA   frora  c 


'^  '4-<;^<7^^ 


f 


1' 

—  350  — 


CQce.  ii.Jo.,  age  38,  male,  widower:  middle  prade  moron  plus 
peychopathic  conetitution  plus  chronic  Hlcohollfm  plue  pre- 
paralytic dementia.  Six  of  his  children  died  at  birth;  one 
is  livinp,  ape  15,  has  been  in  Juvenile  Court  several  times. 
Present  arrest  attacking  a  woman. 


P 


(7 


.V.M.  First  eipoEuro,  10". 


B-t.V.U.  Becond  consecutlTe  exposure,  10" 


-m 


B-S.V,i:.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  13" 


m 


*B-i.V.I,;.    Fourth  consecutive  e:--.posure,    10 


B-^.V.!.:.    Fifth  consecutive  exposure,    10". 


I!-S    \'     Al      Sixtli    •-•^•nnsillC    Willi    i:U>l  ' 

—  351  — 


h.v.W.   First   exposure,    10". 


PO 


H.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10' 


H.V.M.  Copied  froni  card. 


—  352 


Case,  y.Ee.,  age  £2.  lemale.  single:  low  grade  moron  plue  de- 
mentia praecox  hebephrenia.  Had  an  Illegitimate  child  and  was 
in  Baetnrdy  Court;  school  age  G  to  15.  second  grade;  complain- 
ing svltnesB  against  1?  nen  who  took  her  Into  a  barn  and  too> 
advantage  of  her;  has  been  living  iramoral  life. 


First  exposure,  10". 


econd  rnn°ip'l'?*i'^''  "Tnopure.  10" 


2.t.\\i:.   Third 
.consecutive  exposure,  10". 


B-E.V.!.;.  Fourth  consecutive  eXDoenre  10^ 


'Ifth  coneocutlvo  exposure,  10" 


Z.V.i:.    Sixth  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


S.?.V.;,!.  Seventh  consecutive  exposure.  10 


-S.V.U.  Eighth  consecutive  exposure.  10" 


B-E.V.!.;.  :Unth  consecutive  exposure,  10" 


P-S.V..V..  Copied  from  card. 


quare  ~ith  ej:ar:ple   before  her.     Diaciona  •.vith   exanple  before   rer 


354 


Cnse.  C.Pe.,  6ge  £7.  r.al 


oneiittUT;;  IfL    L,        •    ^,^i;'fl«=  lov;  grade  sociopath,  nsychopatlnc 
ontiitution  plus  epilcosy.  Attended  school  aae  G  to  14   finlphrd 
eventh  graie:  unier  arre.l  accused  of  racin6''two-«nd-a:h;if-.ve=r.old 


I i     3-S.V.V.  First 


exposure,  10" 


B-S.V.l;.  Third  consecutive  exposure.  10". 


1!-S.  V.  M.   Cupi..,!    ri'iiiil   CMIil. 


H-V.;,:.    >'irs;t   expoture.    10". 

—  355 


H.V.y.    L'eoond   oont-ecutlve   exposure.    10' 


H.V.M.    Copied   from  cnrcl^ 


^=^.^J<^ 


356 


Cace  B.Tk..  B^c  t4.  DQlc.  tlaglet-Mg*  frrnde  moron  plue  do- 
mcHtia  praecojt  kstatonin  plus  light  ilc?rBe  chronic  Rlco>-ollf 
Atlomp-ted  enloide. 


B.S.V.M.  Seventh  ooneecutlTe  cTposure.  lo". 


B-S.V.K.  Copied  from  card. 


—  357  — 


CaBo.    D.Mo..    o^e   36,    fomolo.    mnrrled   three    tlrioB:    Mj'h   </ rn.le 
moron  plur   doraontln   prnccox  hebephrenia  pluc   ll(rht  Ac^rnc 
chronic   nlcohollEm.   Has   notorloue   police   record,   old-llrr.e 
prostitute;  wob  adopted   out  of  an  orphanage;    prcrent  irrcrt 
ohnrpod  .•.  Uh  nurdor. 


L_, 


B.K.V.V.    First   exposure,    10" 


Q^-O^ 


B-ii,V.M,  Second  eoneecutlve  exposure,  10" 


B-S.V.M.  Fourth  coneeoutiTe  exposure,  10 


-S.V.JJ.  Fifth  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


B-S.V.M.  Copied  from  card. 


Case,  .-.*!;..  fijc  -lo.  ;:;ale.  rr.erried  twice,  first  wife  divorced- 
Ir.im  9  years  ugo :  hig^-  grade  r.oron  plus  dementia  praecox  hebe- 
phrenia plus  preoaralytic  deniontla.  School  age  6  to  17.  second 
grnde;  hse  been  in  re:for!natoricE  and  T!oue^  of  Correction; .  pre- 
sent arrest  dicorderly. 


H.V.M.  Copied  fron  cerd. 

—  359 


K.V.M.   First   e7pOEure,    1S"/1S"'» 


Z. V.I.I.    Second   consecutive   exposure,    15''/16" 


Z.V.M.    Copied   from  card. 


"BiUy"  Skidmore't  Wit* 
Sae$  Him  for  Diomc* 


Tlnc     ."tO  :r,imitfc!j 


360  — 


case.   H.Zl..   Qgfe  37.  male,   forced  rArr^sge.   wife  eight  xanrna  preg- 
nant at  the  tlr-«:   hiph  frnde  rr.oron,    dexer.llo   praecox  hebcohxenia. 
Wife  v.'flr  a  prostitute  nnri  rtill  loll07.s  prostitution;   he  deserted 
rrlfe  when  bcby  was  4  yearr  old.    now  living  rith  a  .vonnn  old   enough 
to  be  his  aother.   vrto  has   10  children.   Has  hnd  four  arrests;   present 
for  non-support. 


B.S.V.?!.    Fourth  conecciitive  expoeure.    ij" 


^rn 


B.S.V.M.  Copied  froc  card. 

:;c.i  - 


CM«e,   R.Mn,,    rir^»  S7,    i'CT.Qlo,    married   and  divorced:    fntr  average  In- 
Vnlllgonoo   plus   puyuhopiithlc  plU8  preparalytic  dcincnlla     Precent 
iirrrst  for  dluorrtorly  conduct.    The   psychopathic   t»et  here   lllviSlmtco 
111:  Hdvnntueoc  over  the  letter  tent  In  certain  caeee  of  jjreparalytic 
derontln. 


B.S.V.V.    Fourth  consecutive   exposure,    10" 


.V.l:.    Fifth   consecutive   e>:posure.    10" 

-    ;i6:>  — 


P.P.V.n.  Copied  froin  card, 


H.V.M.  First  exposure,  10' 


:^ 


H.V.M.  Second  consecutive  exposure,  10". 


H.V.H,  ?hird  consecutive  exposure,  10 


H.V.M.  Copied  from  onrd. 


564  — 


;e.    '.V.Fi..   ape   bZ.    male,    rcerriod.    6  children    n,, 
ide  moron  plus   pE.vO-.opathic   conftltution   nw     v   "^•"    ^l?h 
LiEm.      School  G   to   14.    reached   third  ;r-ade-    n.        °"'°   '^Ico- 
stritutinr  to  delLnouency  of  cMldren.  '   P"^^^*^"'^  J^r.-est 


H.V.K.    Copied    from   cnrd. 
-  .Hi.)  — 


BUYS'G^f^R  IN 
LOOP  DISTRICT 


H.  E.  Bell  Get«  Realty  a; 


--  :\m 


CASE  AND  FAMILY  HISTORIES 

We  append  a  few  typical  histories  of  cases  from  the  Boys,  Morals,  Domestic 
Relations,  and  outside  courts.  On  account  of  the  size  of  the  report  \vc  have 
not  included  many  cases,  which  after  all  is  to  a  certain  extent  superfluous  as 
there  is  a  deadly  monotony  in  the  sameness  throughout  all  these  cases.  The 
reports,  however,  are  worthy  of  careful  study  since  they  convey  numerous 
important  implications  that  lack  of  space  prevents  us  from  specifically  writ- 
ing up.  :         '   ,  '  ^l 

BOYS  COURT  CASES 

The  following  histories  are  from  Boys  Court  cases. 

CASE,  B.  MA.,  age  17.  male,  middle  grade  moron,  plus  dementia  prrecox 
hebephrenia.  Present  arrest,  was  caught  with  another  boy  in  empty  building, 
from  which  a  lot  of  lead  pipe  had  been  stolen  and  the  water  was  running  all 
over  the  place.     He  has  also  been  in  Juvenile  Court. 

Family  History:  Father  died  age  55,  had  suffered  with  astlima,  was  a 
chronic  alcoholic,  quick-tempered.  Mother  age  40,  works,  in  a  factory.  She 
was  an  illegitimate  child,  uncertain  wlio  her  father  was,  but  her  mother  lived 
mtimately  for  several  years  with  one  man,  who  was  legally  married  to  another 
woman,  still  living.     He  was  a  policeman. 

The  boy's  real  father  was  his  mother's  sister's  husband;  his  mother  was 
intimate  with  this  man  while  living  with  her  own  husband.  The  boy's  real 
father  is  a  high  grade  moron  and  is  illiterate.  He  has  had  three  children  to 
his  wife,  all  defective;  they  also  have  another  boy  at  home,  the  illegitimate 
child  of  the  wife  before  she  was  married.     She  is  alcoholic. 

Personal  History:  Reached  second  grade  in  school,  has  worked  irregularly 
ever  since,  never  more  than  three  or  four  weeks  in  a  position;  has  not  worked 
for  the  past  two  years. 

CASE,  J.  PA.,  age  19,  male,  single,  high  grade  sociopath  plus  dementia 
prsecox  hebephrenia  plus  trace  chronic  alcoholism;  present  arrest  assault  and 
battery,  pleaded  guilty. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  54,  Polish,  in  United  States  27  years,  mar- 
ried 24  years;  he  speaks  several  different  languages  and  can  read  three.  He 
was  formerly  a  gambler,  saloon-keeper  and  chronic  alcoholic.  He  had  an 
ungovernable  temper,  abusive  to  his  wife,  would  beat  her  and  call  her  the  vilest 
of  names;  he  had  delusions  of  infidelity.  He  deserted  lier  and  the  family; 
he  and  his  wife  were  of  different  nationalities  and  when  married  they  could 
not  understand  each  other,  as  neither  understood  the  language  of  the  other; 
they  were  also  of  different  religions.  She  was  working  in  a  laundry  at  the 
time  he  deserted  her  and  the  children  and  he  was  working  as  bartender  and 
waiter.  His  wife  was  a  missionary.  He  finally  returned  home;  became  con- 
verted to  another  missionary  church,  gave  up  all  his  bad  habits  and  went  to 
work  as  a  missionary  and  was  finally  ordained  as  a  minister  at  age  51.  His 
father  was  married  twice;  he  has  a  brother  who  was  insane.  The  boy's  mother 
is  age  53,  dementia  pnecox  case,  has  been  in  United  States  24  years,  is 
quite  nervous.  Her  parents  died  when  she  was  young  and  she  was  raised 
by  foster  parents  who  mistreated  her.  She  has  one  brother,  age  55,  who  is 
a  chronic  alcoholic. 

The  case  has  one  brother  who  was  burned  to  death  at  the  age  of  three 
years  from  a  fire  started  by  our  case  when  he  was  age  4,  while  playing  with  fire. 

Personal  History:  Case  is  age  19,  attended  school  age  6  to  16  and 
reached  seventh  grade,  played  truant  a  great  deal.  Father  could  then  neither 
get  him  to  school  nor  work.  He  attacked  father  on  the  street  while  the  latter 
was  trying  to  get  him  a  position.  He  then  worked  off  and  on  for  a  few  months 
and  finally  enlisted  in  the  United  States  Service,  from  which  he  deserted  and 
was  dishonorably  discharged.  He  later  served  a  year  and  a  half  in  prison 
for  highway  robbery;  another  time  was  sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  six 

—  367  — - 


montlis,  and  let  out  on  probation  for  a  year,  which  he  broke.  He  joined  a 
missionary  church  six  months  ago  and  has  been  living  with  a  widow  and  two 
daughters;  the  mother  and  oldest  daughter  being  also  active  members  of  this 
church,  both  extremely  psychopathic.  He  is  engaged  to  marry  the  oldest  girl, 
who  is  22.  He  has  been  in  the  habit  of  beating  her,  but  she  has  always  refused 
to  sign  a  complaint  against  him  until  he  went  to  the  department  store  where 
she  was  employed  anrl  asked  her  for  some  money,  and  when  she  refused 
knocked  her  down.  He  bit  the  lingers  of  the  officer  who  arrested  him.  The 
social  service  report  says  the  boy  had  a  nice  home  with  his  people  and  there 
was  nothing  in  the  environment  to  explain  the  son's  criminal  tendencies.  The 
boy  has  been  writing  his  fiancee  letters  full  of  lies  about  having  a  good  job, 
and  she  writes  letters  trying  to  blackmail  him.  The  social  service  report 
further  says  in  regard  to  the  defendant  and  complainant  that  "while  I  know 
nothing  of  the  relations  between  these  two  people,  I  saw  sufficient  demon- 
stration in  and  around  our  court  room  yesterday  to  make  me  apprehensive 
for  Mrs.  A's  other  daughter,  a  ten-year-old  g:irl.  The  mother's  indifference, 
in  fact  acquiescense  to  their  continuous  and  violent  love-making  in  the  court 
room  and  our  detention  room  would  indicate  the  home  may  not  be  the  proper 
place  for  the  ten-year-old  girl.  I  should  be  glad  to  talk  with  the  investigator 
regarding  the  case,  as  there  is  much  I  find  myself  unable  to  write  about.  The 
mental  condition  of  the  entire  family,  as  well  as  that  of  the  boy,  seems  to  be 
subnormal." 

The  following  letter  from  the  boy's  father  in  answer  to  one  from  us  is 
quite  elucidating. 
"Hon.  X.,  Judge,  The  Municipal  Court  of  Chicago. 

"My  dear  Sir: — I  have  received  yours  of  the  12th,  inst,  thanking  you  for 
your  sympathy  with  J.  I  am  very  sory  to  hear  this  terrible  act.  We  know 
Mrs.  H.,  and  the  two  girls,  and  I  am  very  sorry  that  he  could  do  such  thing, 
but  it  is  as  it  has  been  my  opinion  of  J.,  that  he  needs  to  be  put  under  observa- 
tion, I  asked  the  Chaplain  in  the  X.  Ponitentiary,  last  winter,  where  I  had  him 
arrested  for  intoxication,  but  he  is  to  wise  when  he  is  confined,  but  sun  he 
comes  out,  then  is  runing  away  from  home,  I  had  paroled  him  before  last 
Christmass,  and  he  promissed  to  do  right,  but  it  lasted  onle  to  Jan.  30,  and 
then  he  left  for  Chicago,  but  the  have  written  letters,  to  I  never  belived,  that 
all  was  true,  because  I  know  that  there  is  something  wrong  with  his  mind. 

"I  leave  him  to  your  judgment,  he  may  improve,  but  I  think,  he  should  be 
put  in  some  institution,  till  he  be  21,  years  of  age,  if  he  is  in  right  mind,  I 
would  not  have  him  home,  as  he  is  a  dangerous  boy,  and  has  fits,  that  he  would 
kill.  We  could  do  nothing  with  him,  I  say  this  to  you,  your  Honor,  to  Mrs.  H. 
has  send  message,  we  should  saj^  nothing,  but  I  belive  that  should  be  keept 
in  under  institutional  care,  and  so  thinks  Mrs.  E.  my  wife,  that  he  should  not 
be  geven  liberty. 

"I  close  this  whit  harty  thanks  for  your  kind  favour,  writing  me,  so  that 
we  know  for  what  he  is  arrested. 

"He  is  only  over  18,  years  old,  and  he  has  written  letters  for  my  consent 
that  he  marry,  but  I  think,  that  would  have  been  the  biget  crime,  for  he  would 
send  that  poor  girl  to  whiteslavery,  for  he  dont  want  work.  I  hope  your  Honor, 
that  this  will  be  sufficient  for  you,  to  know  what  the  Boy  is  at  present,  but  I 
trust  My  Lord  whom  we  serve,  that  the  Law  will  take  its  cours,  in  this  matter. 

"But  He  should  have  mential  examination,  as  to  his  condition,  if  he  is  to 
be  set  at  liberty. 

Very  sincerely  yours." 

One  of  the  newspaper  headings  on  the  case  ran  as  follows: 
DEVILS     GOT     INTO     HIM 


Hits  His   Fiancee  in  Store 


Pastor's     Son     Menaced     By     Crowd 

After   Attack   When   Refused 

More    Money 

—  368  — 


CASE,  L.  FR.  age  18,  single,  fair  average  intelligence  i)lii>  dementia 
pnccox  katatonia.     Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  graduated  eighth  grade. 

Family  History:  Father  age  35,  American,  quit  school  in  8th  grade 
marriecl  boys  mother  when  she  was  age  14;  he  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  insane 
when  drunk,  abusive,  has  been  known  to  pick  up  a  weapon  and  knock  a  horse 
down  with  It,  and  high-tempered.  His  wife  had  to  leave  him,  returned  to  him, 
and  then  finally  divorced  him.  He  was  a  very  poor  provider  some  <:ort  of 
machinist,  but  never  earned  much.  He  was  always  getting  into  fights  and 
would  often  come  home  covered  with  blood.  He  lived  in  a  dry  state  and  if 
he  could  not  buy  liquor  he  would  steal  it;  he  carried  on  "bootlegging"  as  a 
side  line;  he  was  arrested  once  for  the  latter  and  seven  times  on  disorderly 
conduct  charges.  His  father  died  at  the  age  of  70,  was  a  peculiar  and  eccentric 
man.  His  mother  i^s  also  nervous;  her  father  was  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  she 
has  a  brother  age  50,  single,  chronic  alcoholic,  insane,  was  always  getting  in 
trouble  fighting  and  disorderly  conduct. 

The  boy  had  three  uncles  on  his  father's  side,  one  age  35,  married,  farmer, 
chronic  alcoholic,  very  high-tempered;  another  age  40,  married,  farmer,'  chronic 
alcoholic,  very  high-tempered,  wife  separated  from  him  several  times,  they 
have  three  children;  he  has.  another  uncle  age  50,  married,  farmer,  chronic 
alcoholic,  very  high-tempered.  He  had  two  aunts  on  his  father's  side,  one 
age  45,  married,  had  been  a  school  teacher,  very  nervous,  vicious  temper; 
another  aunt,  age  38,  married  to  a  chronic  alcoholic,  they  have  three  children! 

The  boy's  mother,  age  33,  American,  attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached 
first  year  high  school;  she  then  married;  left  her  husband  several  times  and 
finally  divorced  him.  Two  years  later  she  married  ancjther  man,  a  chronic 
alcoholic,  good-for-nothing,  of  very  ordinary  ability;  she  finally  had'  to  divorce 
him.  She  married  a  third  man,  fireman  on  the  railroad;  he  was  worthless  in 
every  way  and  she  finally  separated  from  him.  Her  father  wns  a  man  of  much 
ability,  but  never  applied  it;  was  a  failure,  had  a  violent  temper.  His  father 
was  a  minister,  also  had  a  violent  temper.  Her  mother  was  married  twice, 
second  husband  deserted  her  and  she  divorced  him. 

The  boy  had  two  uncles  on  his  mother's  side,  one  age  40,  a  widower,  farmer, 
heavy  cigarette  smoker,  he  is  a  mute  and  was  married  to  a  mute;  another 
uncle,  age  38,  married,  peddler.  He  has  three  aunts  on  his  mother's  side,  one 
age  43,  married  to  a  minister,  always  unusually  nervous,  was  a  missionary 
before  marriage;  another  aunt,  age  35,  married  twice,  divorced  first  husband 
who  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  beat  and  abused  her,  had  two  children  to  him. 
one  is  now  in  the  Navy;  another  aunt  married,  died  at  age  of  28  of  abdominal 
growth. 

Case  has  two  brothers  living,  one  age  24,  served  a  term  in  reformatory 
when  he  was  18  years  old,  since  then  no  one  knows  what  became  of  him;  he 
reached  eighth  grade  in  school.  He  has  another  brother,  age  22.  single,  alco- 
holic, has  been  arrested  and  served  time  for  disorderly  conduct  and  petit  larceny. 
Another  brother  died  as  an  infant  of  convulsions. 

Personal  History:  Case  has  traveled  a  great  deal  and  changed  positions 
very  often.  His  longest  job  was  delivery  boy  on  a  grocery  wagon  for  sLt 
months.  He  admits  having  been  previously  arrested;  he  is  now  arrested 
charged  with  19  robberies.  His  only  weapon  was  a  glass  pistol  and  red 
pepper;  he  would  press  the  pistol  against  the  side  of  his  victim,  go  through 
his  pockets,  and  then  thrf)w  red  pepper  in  his  eyes;  suspected  of  killing  a 
policeman.  He  confessed  to  the  police  that  he  ludd  up  and  nibbed  or  tried 
to  rob  the  following  persons  with  his  innocuous  "firearm"  and  the  "cayenne;" 

June  20,  R.  S.,  laundry  wagon  driver,  $20. 

"    20,  L.  N.,  grocery  driver,  $3. 

"    20,  C.  L.,  grocery  driver,  $6. 

"    23,  C.  Y.,  grocery  driver,  $7. 

"    24,  C.  K.,  in  grocery  store,  $8. 

"    26,  Unknown  man,  $10. 

"    27,  S.  R.,  grocery  driver,  $18. 

"    29,  P.  R.,  laundry  driver.  $7  and  check  for  $25. 
July     1,    1  >.    M.,   lanmlry    driver.  atleiiii>tfd   riilibiT.v.    xiv'tiin    ran    away, 

—  369  — 


"  1,  N.  S.,  lauiulry  driver,  $7. 

"  2,  H.  D.,  attempted  robbery,   victim    recognized    him    and    said    "Hello, 

Slsinny. " 

"  2,  A.  D.,  grocery  driver,  $8.90. 

"  4,  N.,  delivery  man  for  tea  company,  $2(J. 

"  6,  N.  R.,  grocery  driver,  $60. 

"  11,  G.  S.,  grocery  driver,  $35. 

"  14,  L.  M.,  grocery  driver,  $12. 

"  15,  A.  D.,  driver  for  dyer  and  cleaner,  $25. 

"  16,  l^nknown  old  man  delivering  groceries,  attempted  robbery. 

CASE,  L.  JO.,  male,  age  15,  high  grade  borderland  sociopath  plus  dementia 
l)r;ec<>x   Iiehephrenia,   known   as   "The   Baby   Bandit." 

Family  History:  Father,  American,  died  age  39,  cirrhosis  of  the  liver; 
graduated  eighth  grade,  held  a  city  job  for  ten  years;  chronic  alcoholic,  ex- 
tremely phlegmatic,  was  very  wild  as  a  j'oung  boy  and  would  run  away  from 
home;  all  the  boys  are  like  their  father.  Case's  grandfather,  father's  side,  died 
age  59  of  carcinoma  of  the  stomach;  he  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  was  a  police- 
man. The  grandmother  had  been  a  school  teacher,  died  age  69  of  gallstones. 
He  had  the  following  uncles  on  his  father's  side:  one  age  40,  married  ten  years, 
no  children;  another  age  38,  married,  no  children,  chronic  alcoholic;  another 
age  34,  attained  fifth  grade  in  school,  chronic  alcoholic,  arrested  seven  times 
for  larcenj',  associated  with  bad  women  in  his  stealing,  police  authorities  drove 
him  out  of  Chicago  ten  years  ago.  He  has  the  following  aunts  on  his  father's 
side:  one  age  42,  single,  employed;' another  age  36,  single,  employed;  another 
age  30,  single,  employed;  another  age  28,  has  been  blind  since  age  6,  had  spinal 
trouble  and  lost  her  sight. 

Mother  of  case  American,  age  47,  attended  school  age  7  to  14,  reached 
sixth  grade;  married  when  age  19  and  has  had  nine  children;  has  no  api)recia- 
tion  of  the  value  of  money;  in  spite  of  having  received  a  fair  amount  of 
insurance  on  the  death  of  her  husband,  the  whole  family  were  presently  on 
County  support;  she  is  very  nervous,  is  very  abusive  to  the  children,  beats 
them  and  swears  at  them,  put  one  of  them  out  of  the  house  and  tore  up  her 
clothes;  she  threw  three  policemen  downstairs  once  when  they  came  to  arrest 
our  case;  she  is  regarded  as  being  unbalanced;  she  now  goes  out  washing  and 
scrubbing.  Her  father  was  American,  teamster,  died  at  the  age  of  57.  Pier 
mother  was  Canadian,  died  of  Bright's  disease,  age  70.  Case  had  the  following 
uncles  on  his  mother's  side:  one  age  49,  married,  has  eight  children,  has  not 
worked  past  three  years  on  account  of  heart  and  kidney  trouble;  another  uncle 
chronic  alcoholic,  teamster,  died  at  age  27  of  tuberculosis;  another  uncle 
was  a  drifter  and  wanderer,  worthless,  worked  at  intervals.  He  has  the  follow- 
ing aunts  on  his  mother's  side:  one  age  44,  married,  cripple,  is  a  widow  with 
live  children;  another  age  42,  married,  has  five  children. 

Case  has  the  following  brothers:  one  age  22,  attended  school  age  6  to  14, 
reached  fourth  grade,  desultory  worker,  chronic  alcoholic  and  cocainist,  was 
sent  from  Juvenile  Court  to  John  Worthy  School  for  six  months  when  age  16, 
had  several  sentences  to  House  of  Correction  for  stealing;  was  a  wanderer  and 
is  now  in  the  penitentiary  at  Joliet  on  indeterminate  sentence  for  burglary. 
Apother  brother  age  18,  attended  school  age  6  to  14  and  reached  sixth  grade, 
he  has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court,  and  in  Boys  Court  twice,  in  the  first  instance 
for  larceny,  placed  on  probation  one  year;  two  weeks  later  arrested  on  two 
charges  of  robbery  and  committed  to  Pontiac.  He  was  diagnosed  high-grade 
moron  plus  dementia  prsecox.  Another  brother  age  13,  began  school  age  6, 
persisted  as  truant  from  school,  was  committed  from  Juvenile  Court  to 
Parental  School  for  stealing.  Another  brother  died  age  16,  result  of  accident 
in  the  factory  where  he  was  working;  attended  school  age  6  to  13,  reached 
eighth  grade.  Another  brother  age  12,  in  school  six  and  a  half  years,  in  third 
grade,  backward  and  indififerent  in  school,  other  boys  called  him  "thief."  Two 
others  died  as  infants.  He  has  one  sister  age  20,  attended  school  age  7  to  age 
15,   quit  in  tlie  eighth   grade,  verj^  nervous,  she  is   employed. 

Personal  History:     Attended  school  age  6  to   13,  reached   seventh   grade; 
has  been  in  Juvenile  Court  three  times,  last  time  was  sent  to  St.  Charles  from 

—  370  — 


where  he  escaped  after  seven  montli^,  made  several  otlier  attempts  but  was 
always  apprehended  and  brought  back.  Has  been  in  the  Boys  Court  numerous 
times.  The  following  is  an  approximation  of  his  record  there:  Dec.  30,  2  charges 
of  larceny  and  2  of  robbery,  one  year  House  of  Correction;  May  24,  larceny, 
he  was  out  on  bail  and  case  was  continued;  June  6,  arrested  for  violation  of 
probation  and  another  charge  of  larceny,  committed  to  House  of  Correction; 
a  year  from  the  following  October  arrested  for  larceny  and  after  several  con- 
tinuances was  discharged;  three  days  later  he  was  shot  through  the  thigh  by 
railroad  detective  while  trying  to  enter  a  car.  A  few  days  later  under  arrest, 
a  long  series  of  larcenies,  robberies  and  burglaries  was  checked  up  against 
him  and  he  was  sent  to  Pontiac. 

CASE,  M.  JO.,  age  19,  low  grade  moron. 

Family  History:  Father  Italian,  age  38,  chronic  alcoholic,  laborer.  The 
boy's  mother  is  Italian,  age  48.  Case  has  six  brothers  living:  one  age  21, 
married,  deserted  wife,  was  arrested  for  robbery,  fined  $120;  another  brother, 
age  19,  married,  has  one  child;  another  brother  age  16,  single;  another  brother 
age  13,  is  in  sixth  grade;  another  brother  age  11,  is  in  tifth  grade;  another 
brother  age  8,  doesn't  go  to  school.     Two  sisters,  aged  respectively  5  and  2. 

Personal  History:  Case  was  born  in  the  United  States,  attended  school 
age  6  to  12,  reached  second  grade;  has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court  and  was  in 
the  Juvenile  Home;  lirst  arrest  in  Boys  Court  stealing  wagon;  second  arrest 
stole  2  sets  of  harness;  third  arrest  stole  $47  out  of  employer's  pocket  when 
latter  was  asleep. 

CASE,  G.  PE.,  age  19,  high  grade  borderland  sociopath  plus  dementia 
prcccox  hebephrenia,  known  as  the  "cave  man." 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  eighth  grade; 
first  arrest  in  Boys  Court  for  rape,  living  in  a  cave  with  a  fourteen-year-old 
girl;  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction.  Second  arrest  disorderlj^  conduct;  third 
arrest  caught  sleeping  in  basement;  fourth  arrest  rape;  has-since  been  arrested 
in  Morals  Court,  living  in  a  cave  in  the  woods  with  a  young  girl. 

CASE,  C.  GE.,  age  20,  colored,  low  grade  sociopath  plus  -dementia  pr^-e 
cox  hebephrenia,  sadist,  known  as  "Jack  the   Strangler." 

Family  History:  Father  age  45,  porter,  married  twice,  first  wife  died, 
had  seven  children;  second  wife  living,  is  nervous  and  quick-tempered.  He 
has  three  uncles  on  his  father's  side,  the  oldest  is  married  and  is  a  preacher: 
the  other,  age  35,  has  been  married  twice,  first  wife  died  and  he  deserted  the 
second  wife.  Another  uncle  age  40,  single,  is  a  chronic  alcoholic.  He  had 
one  aunt  on  his  father's  side  who  died  at  the  age  of  40,  she  was  married  twice; 
first  husband  died  and  she  deserted,  her  second  husband.  The  boy's  mother 
is  age  34,  has  tuberculosis  and  is  extremely  nervous.  He  has  two  uncles  on 
his  mother's  side,  both  preachers. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  7  to  15  and  reached  eighth  grade; 
does  not  live  with  father;  is  nervous,  and  stammers.  Present  arrest  for 
strangling  women;  would  not  steal  anything  from  them  nor  do  anything  else 
than  just  choke  them  into  insensibility. 

CASE,  M.  FL.,  age  19,  single,  high  grade  borderland  sociopath  plus 
dementia   proecox,   simulator. 

Family  History:  Father  American,  died  age  40  of  i)neunionia,  had  deserted 
wife  and  family:  the  boy's  mother  age  3K  married  twice,  she  had  seven  children 
to  her  first  husband  before  he  deserted  her;  she  has  two  children  to  her  second 
husband.  He  has  an  aunt  on  his  mother's  side  who  is  separated  from  her_ hus- 
band. The  case  has  one  brother  age  15,  attended  school  from  age  6  to  15  and 
reached  fifth  grade;  another  brother  age  17  attended  school  age  6  to  16  and 
reached  sixth  grade. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  5  to  15  and  reached  eighth 
grade:  is  a  desultory  worker  and  was  arrested  while  seeking  alms  on  tin- 
streets,  on  account  of  being  deaf  and  dumb,  which  simulation  wa-  cvpi '■^.■■1  l>v 
the  laboratory. 

—  371-- 


CASE,  C.  BU.,  age  19,  colored,  single,  low  grade  nitron  plu.i  flemcntia 
pr.ecox  liel)ci)lirenia  plus  light  degree  chronic  alcoholism. 

Family  History:     I'^athcr  died  old  man  of  dropsy,  married  twice. 

Personal  History:  Never  attended  school;  had  two  arrests  in  Boys 
Court,  Jid}-,  had  a  light  witli  another  boy  when  our  case  cut  him  up  with  a 
knife,  was  given  probation  fur  a  year;  December  same  year  shot  a  man  and 
killed   him. 

CASE,  B.  RA.,  age  IS,  ^inylc,  male,  .'\mcrican,  middle  grade  moron  plus 
(Icnu'iitia   i>i;i'cox   hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  l-"atlier  (bed  age  58,  Idright's  disease;  janitor,  inveterate 
cliewer,  did  not  work  for  seven  years  before  he  died,  desultory  worker,  worked 
at  times  as  waiter  in  Iiotels  and  restaurants;  he  was  a  wanderer;  had  a  college 
education,  also  studied  law,  but  he  married  when  age  42  and  his  wife  was 
25.  His  fatlier  died  of  pneumonia  during  the  war,  was  married  twice.  Grand- 
mother on  the  father's  side  died  wlien  boy's  father  was  an  infant  and  he  was 
raised  by  his  grandmother.  Case  has  an  uncle  on  his  father's  side,  age  75, 
married,  farmer,  illiterate;  has  five  cliildren,  three  boys  just  like  himself. 

Mother  of  case  is  age  54,  attended  high  school  two  years;  has  congenital 
dislocation  of  the  hip  and  is  light  paranoides  case  of  dementia  praecox.  Her 
father  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  not  only  worthless,  but  deserted  his  wife  and 
family.  Her  mother  died  at  45,  had  nervous  trouble.  She  has  a  sister,  age  52. 
single,  nervous,  a  waitress.  She  has  another  sister,  age  51,  married,  separated 
from   her  husband;   has  tuberculosis,  is  taking  a  faith  cure. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  from  age  6  to  11,  reached  low 
third  grade,  is  a  desultory  worker;  present  arrest  Boj's  Court,  broke  into  a 
house,  bound  and  gagged  a  woman  and  stole  her  monej-. 

CASE,  H.  ED.,  age  18,  single,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pnecox 
hebephrenia.     Attended    school  age  6  to   14,   reached   seventh   grade. 

Family  History:  Father  died  age  43  of  inflammatory  rheumatism,  he  was 
a  chronic  alcoholic  and  beat  and  abused  his  wife;  was  very  nervous,  had  been 
arrested.  He  was  well  educated  but  worked  as  a  waiter.  His  father  was 
married  twice  and  is  a  chronic  alcoholic. 

The  mother  of  the  case  is  age  46,  has  had  six  children;  she  has  been  in  a 
state  insane  asylum  twice.  An  aunt  of  the  mother  was  also  insane.  The  boy's 
grandniother  on  his  mother's  side  is  alcoholic.  The  boy  had  a  uncle  on  his 
mother's  side  who  died  of  tuberculosis;  he  has  an  aunt  on  his  mother's  side, 
age  42,  now  in  an  insane  asylum.  The  boy  has  a  sister,  age  20,  who  is  now  in 
a  state  insane  asylum;  she  is  a  high  school  graduate  and  also  a  graduate  from 
business  college. 

Personal  History:  Played  truant  a  great  deal  from  school;  slow  and 
troublesome  there;  couldn't  possibly  get  him  to  work.  He  has  an  ungovern- 
able temper  and  smashes  furniture  around  the  house.  Present  arrest  in  Boys 
Court  on  complaint  of  family. 

CASE,  C.  TI.,  age  17,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prsecox  hebe- 
phrenia. 

.Family  History:  Father  age  47,  French.  \n  United  States  30  years,  worth- 
less fellow,  deserted  wife  and  family. 

The  boy's  mother  is  age  49,  American,  was  in  state  insane  asylum  for  five 
years  and  is  so  bad  she  will  have  to  be  recommitted.  Case  has  two  brothers. 
one  age  11,  in  custodial  school;  another  brother  age  20,  attended  school  age 
6  to  14,  reached  seventh  grade,  now  in  House  of  Correction,  has  had  three 
arrests  in  Boys  Court  and  was  also  in  Juvenile  Court,  committed  to  St.  Charles 
Reform  School  for  18  months. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  14  and  reached  tilth  grade; 
he  has  worked  very  irregularly;  he  w^as  in  Juvenile  Court  4  times,  and  was 
sent  to  St.  Charles  Reform  School  for  18  months  for  stealing  lead  pipe,  also 
in  Parental  School  for  6  months,  also  was  in  another  iuvenile  custodial  home. 
He  had  the  following  arrests  in  the  Boys  Court:  December  2,  disorderly  con- 
duct;  December   14,  disorderly  conduct,  sent  to  House  of  Correction:    March 


20,  both  he  ;in(I  hi\  I)r(.tlier  were  arrested,  disorderly  cmuhict.  placed  t>n  6 
months  probation;  April  10,  two  charges  of  burglary;  April  17.  stole  brass, 
committed  to  House  of  Correction  for  3  months,  $1.00  and  costs;  July  21.  dis- 
orderly conduct;  July  31,  arrested  in  vacant  flat;  August  13,  stole  auto;  March 
11,  burglary,  committed  to  Pontiac  Reformatory;  May  22,  the  following  year, 
was  found  with  pistol,  flashlight  and  burglar's  jimmy  and  some  jewelry,  got 
continuance  of  case;  June  7,  arrested  for  burglary,  caught  in  the  st<ire  he  had 
broken  into,  held  to  Criminal  Court.  He  has  a  fresh  bullet  wound  in  the  middle 
of  the  thigh,  says  he  accidentally  shot  himself. 

CASE,  L.  CL.,  age  17,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr;ecox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  Knglisii.  in  United  States  since  age  6,  died 
8  years  ago  age  50;  was  chronic  alcoholic,  was  immoral  and  dissolute,  deserted 
wife  and  family;  later  had  locomotor  ataxia. 

Boy's  mother  was  American,  age  38;  her  husband  was  age  45  and  she  was 
age  15  when  they  were  married;  she  remarried  after  her  first  husband  died, 
second  husband_  alcoholic;  she  has  a  nervous  temperament;  her  father  was 
divorced  from  his  wife. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  sixth  grade; 
works  irregularly,  never  holds  a  position  very  long;  was  arrested  on  March  10 
for  burglary;  arrested  on  April  14  for  larceny;  present  arrest  stealing  auto, 
sent  to  House  of  Correction  and  later  put  on  probation. 

CASE,  G.  AL.,  age  20,  male. 

Family  History:  Father  age  46,  married  twice,  five  children  by  first  wife, 
3  by  second;  he  is  high-tempered  and  quarrelsome;  extremely  nervous;  he  has 
one  sister  separated  from  her  husband,  another  sister  married,  has  nine  children 
and  is  suffering  from  St.  Vitus  dance. 

The  boy's  mother  died  in  childbirth. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  7  to  15,  readied  eighth  grade: 
worked  irregularl}',  has  not  worked  any  for  the  past  year;  he  is  a  wanderer, 
once  in  making  a  trip  from  another  city  he  got  into  a  box  car  with  four  others 
and  was  locked  in  there  for  three  days  without  anything  to  drink,  they  all 
committed  pederasty  while  in  the  car;  he  is  a  chronic  masturbator;  he  has  been 
in  the  Juvenile  Court  and  has  the  following  arrests  in  the  Boys  Court  to  date: 
October  17,  disorderly  conduct;  February  16,  disorderly  conduct;  February  27, 
disorderly  conduct;  March  8,  disorderly  conduct;  Marcli  27,  vagrancy,  fined 
$100  and  costs,  probation  6  months;  May  1,  vagrancy,  violation  of  prcjbation; 
June    10,   disorderly   conduct;    November    10,   disorderly  conduct. 

CASE,  S.  CH.,  age  18,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr;ecox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  I'"ather  age  60,  Polish,  in  United  States  30  years;  chronic 
alcoholic,  cjuick-tempered  and   excitable. 

Boy's  mother  age  39,  Polish,  in  United  States  23  years;  she  is  a  chronic 
alcoholic  and  has  had  delirium  tremens  three  times;  case  has  one  l^rother,  age 

21,  who  was  in  Juvenile  Court  and  committed  to  a  custodial  home,  lie  has  a 
sister  age  23,  single,   in  one   of  the   state  asylums  for  the  insane. 

Personal  History:  .Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  si.xth  grade; 
has  slight  speech  defect;  works  irregularly,  does  not  hold  a  position  any 
length  of  time;  he  had  four  arrests  in  Juvenile  Court  and  was  committed  from 
there  to  St.  Charles  for  nine  months,  also  to  the  Jolin  Worthy  School,  sent 
6  months  to  F'eehanville  and  3  months  to  the  Parental  School.  He  was  on 
probation  to  the  Juvenile  Court  when  first  arrested  in  the  Boys  Court.  His 
arrests  in  the  Boys  Court  are  as  follows:  .August  22,  disorderly  conduct,  fined 
$10  and  costs,  left  town,  came  back  to  Chicago  almost  two  years  later,  arrested 
on  July  10  for  disorderly  conduct,  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction;  December 
28,  arrested  on  burglary  charge,  as  he  left  the  House  of  Correction  after  finish- 
ing a  6  months'  sentence;  January  6,  out  of  the  House  of  Correction  9  days, 
arrested  for  disorderlj'^  conduct;  February  7,  disorderly  conduct;  February  10, 
disorderly  conduct;  April  9,  disorderly  conduct,  fined  $10  and  costs;  .April  23, 
disorderly  conduct,  fined  $50  and   costs;  June  23.  disorderly  conduct. 

—  373  — 


CASE,  M.  MI.,  in;ilc,  ;igc  20,  liigli  Kiadc-  in(ir(jii  i>lu.->  (U-nifiitia  pra-cux 
lulicplirrriia. 

Family  History:  I'"atlR'r  age  60,  Italian,  laborer,  illiterate,  chronic  alco- 
holic, (iirck-tiiiipered  and  quarrcisoinc;  has  not  worked  for  many  years.  The 
boy's  mother  is  age  56,  Italian,  illiterate,  she  has  had  17  children;  she  has 
frequent  attacks  of  epilepsy  (grand  mal);  she  is  very  nervous,  erratic  and 
defective.  Whole  family  are  excitable  and  hysterical;  all  the  children  except 
four  lack  the  sense  of  smell.  The  mother  has  one  brother  age  40,  married,  has 
four  children,  also  epileptic.  Case  has  one  brother  age  33.  alcoholic;  he  has 
another  brother  age  22,  has  epilepsy;  he  has  a  sister  age  32,  married,  has  five 
children,  also  epileptic;  another  sister,  now  age  30,  married  at  age  15,  epileptic. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  fifth  grade,  desul- 
tory worker,  i'oys  Court  arrests,  March  4,  larceny,  $100  and  costs,  probation 
6  months;  July  21,  disorderly  conduct;  September  24,  dif-ordcrly  cimduct; 
June  1,  larceny;  May  4,  following  year,  disorderly  conduct;  June  9,  stole  auto- 
mobile. 

CASE,  B.  WI.,  age  18,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prxcox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  American,  chronic  alcoholic,  practically  never 
worked,  chronic  thief,  abused  and  mistreated  wife,  finally  deserted  her;  he  has 
a  long  list  of  arrests;  he  has  been  in  JoHet  Penitentiary  and  was  sent  to  a  peni- 
tentiary in  a  neighboring  state  for  killing  an  officer. 

Boy's  mother  American,  died  five  years  ago,  age  33,  of  dropsy  and  tuber- 
culosis; she  lived  intimately  with  several  other  men  after  her  husband  left  her, 
but  could  not  get  along  with  any  of  them;  she  had  four  children  to  these 
other  men;  she  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  has  had  several  arrests,  one  for 
adultery.  Her  father  was  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  has  also  been  arrested.  She 
has  one  brother,  single,  in  the  army  past  eight  years.  She  has  one  adult  sister 
living,  feeble-minded  and  peculiar,  weighs  nearly  three  hundred  pounds. 

Personal  History:  Had  little  or  no  schooling;  he  has  worked  very  irreg- 
ularly and  cannot  hold  a  position;  was  committed  to  a  state  school  for  the 
feeble-minded,  ran  away  several  times;  has  been  in  Juvenile  Court;  present 
arrest  in  Roys  Court,  broke  into  a  flat  and  was  caught  hiding  in  a  closet  by  the 
woman  of  the  flat. 

CASE,  C.  JU.,  age  17,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr?ecox  hebe- 
phrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  43,  Russian  Hebrew,  in  United  States  25 
years,  father  of  9  children.  He  is  high-tempered,  quarrelsome  and  abusive  to 
wife.  The  boy's  mother,  age  39,  Russian  Hebrew,  in  the  United  States  22 
years,  speaks  and  understands  little  or  no  English.  She  is  irritable  and  quarrel- 
some. Her  father,  age  65,  in  United  States  22  years,  has  been  married  three 
times,  and  divorced  twice. 

Case  has  one  brother,  age  11,  in  the  fifth  grade,  is  dwarfed;  he  has  another 
brother  age  9  in  the  second  grade,  still  talks  "baby  talk." 

Personal  History:  Born  in  the  United  States,  attended  school  age  7 
to  15,  reached  fifth  grade;  has  worked  very  irregularly,  cannot  hold  a  job.  He 
has  had  live  arrests  in  the  Juvenile  Court,  was  sent  to  the  John  Worthy  School 
from  there  for  stealing  a  horse  and  wagon;  was  also  sent  from  there  to  St. 
Charles  School  for  18  months.  He  has  the  following  arrests  thus  far  in  the 
Roys  Court:  January  24,  disorderly  conduct;  February  15,  disorderly  conduct; 
June  8.  disorderly  conduct,  sent  to  House  of  Correction. 

CASE,  M.  TO.,  age  17,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prsccox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  Italian,  laborer,  in  United  States  14  years,  alco- 
holic. Mo.ther  of  case  age  40.  Italian,  in  United  States  14  years,  alcoholic. 
The  boy  has  one  brother,  age  22,  chronic  alcoholic;  another  brother  age  15, 
alcoholic  and  has  had  two  arrests. 

Personal  History:.  Always  in  ungraded  room  in  school.  Has  been  in 
Juvenile   Court  three  times,  once  for  stealing,  another  time   for  breaking  into 

—  374  — 


a  church  and  stealing,  fur  whicli  lie  was  sent  to  the  rarciiial  Home  lor  one 
year.  He  has  three  other  arrests  in  addition  to  the  present  one,  which  was 
for  drawing-  a  knife  on  a  man. 

CASE,  C.  WN.,  age  20,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prcTco.x  hebe- 
phrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  ag:e  51,  Scotch,  in  United  States  22  years,  alco- 
holic; cxtrenu'ly  nervous  and  irritable.  His  father  died  age  52,  had  been 
married  three  times. 

The  boy's  mother  is  Scotch,  age  49,  reached  sixth  grade  in  school;  came 
to  the  United  States  age  20,  had  15  children.  She  has  one  brother  age  57,  who 
is  a  chronic  alcoholic,  deserted  his  wife  and  children;  she  has  another  brother 
married  three  times,  second  wife  chronic  alcoholic;  she  had  a  sister  age  59, 
mother  of  6  boys  and  3  girls,  one  of  her  sons  married  a  woman  who  was  a 
notorious  character,  while  the  latter  was  in  jail;  slie  had  another  son  wiio  was 
separated  from  his  wife,  suicided. 

The  boy  has  one  brother  age  25,  married,  has  one  child,  is  a  piano  mover; 
he  is  irritable  and  quick-tempered  and  won't  support  his  wife;  he  was  arrested 
in  the  Domestic  Relations  Court  for  non-support;  judge  gave  him  choice  of 
going  to  the  House  of  Correction  for  a  year  or  of  contributing  ^8  a  week  to 
the  support  of  his  wife  and  child,  he  said  he  would  not  do  the  latter,  and  it 
was  all  the  same  to  him  what  the  court  did  with  him.  He  has  a  brother  age  9, 
in  third  grade,  was  left  back  a  year  in  second  grade,  has  baby  speech,  has 
nocturnal  eneuresis. 

Personal  History:  Works  irregularly,  has  attacks  resembling  epilepsj'. 
He  has  the  following  arrests  in  the  Boys  Court:  January  2,  disorderly  conduct; 
March  26,  disorderly  conduct;  May  19,  disorderly  conduct;  June  23,  disorderly 
conduct;  July  16,  disorderly  conduct;  September  8,  disorderly  conduct,  sent  to 
House  of  Correction;  May  19,  larceny;  September  1  the  follow'ing  year,  dis- 
orderly conduct;  December  2,  present  arrest,  hold-up. 

CASE,  K.  WA.,  age  20,  male,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prascox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  45,  he  is  a  printer,  fine  musician,  plays  several 
instruments,  he  is  very  erratic  and  peculiar,  deserted  wife  and  family  wiiile 
she  was  pregnant;  his  father  committed  suicide;  he  was  a  chronic  alcoholic, 
could  not  support  family  and  his  wife  had  to  go  out  washing  and  scrubbing. 

The  boy's  mother  is  age  44,  quit  school  eighth  grade;  she  had  a  bad  temper 
and  is  excitable,  has  been  very  nervous  all  her  life;  has  had  three  attacks  of 
"nervous  '>rostration."  Her  father  died  at  age  59  of  Bright's  disease;  he  was 
a   quick-tempered,  very   nervous   man,  and   erratic. 

Her  mother  died  age  68  following  second  stroke  of  apoplcxj'.  The  boy's 
mother  had  one  brother  age  SO,  married,  had  six  children  and  deserted  the 
family.  She  had  another  brother,  died  age  38  of  tuberculosis;  he  is  a  chronic 
alcoholic.  She  has  one  sister  living,  age  31,  has  tw^o  children,  deserted  by  her 
husband. 

Case  has  one  brother,  age  16,  who  is  backward  in  school. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  15,  reached  sixth  grade,  was 
in  a  backward  class;  he  was  a  chronic  truant  from  school;  he  is  a  wanderer, 
sleeps  in  woodsheds,  etc.,  he  cannot  be  made  to  work,  tiiey  have  tried  him  at 
everything  possible  without  success;  he  is  a  chronic  masturbator.  He  has 
been  stealing  from  parents  for  years.  He  has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court 
twice,  both  times  committed  to  institutions.  Present  arrest  in  Boys  Court 
stealing  ring  and  lavalliere. 

CASE,  D  ED.,  age  18,  male,  middle  grade  moron  plu>  dementia  pr.Tcox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  55,  married  twice,  chronic  alcoholic;  his 
grandmother  had  epilepsy.  He  has  one  brother  age  50,  married,  chronic  alco- 
holic. Mother  died  age' 40;  she  was  a  chronic  alcoholic;  she  had  deliruim 
tremens  twice;  her  father  was  a  chronic  alcoholic.  She  had  two  sisters  who 
died   of   tuberculosis;   one  sister   living,   separated   from   her   husband. 

Case  had  one  brother,  died  age  10.  was  in  third    grade;    has    a    step-brother 

—  375  — 


14  iiii)iitli>  olil,  mentally  ami   pliy>ioally  (Ufeclivc.     Case  lias  one  sister  age  27, 
married,   lias    four   children. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  .school  from  age  6  to  16  and  reached 
second  grade;  he  has  been  in  trouble  ever  since;  practically  never  works,  is 
alcohf)lic  and  a  wanderer;  he  has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court  and  sent  to  St. 
Charles  School  once  for  10  months.  He  has  had  several  arrests  in  the  Boys 
Court;  his  hobby  is  breaking  into  barns,  stealing  what  he  can  get;  broke  into  a 
store  and  stole  two  typewriters,  was  arrested  while  working  the  typewriter  on 
the  street  under  an  electric  light.  On  another  occasion  he  got  up  on  a  tele- 
graph pole,  cut  all  the  wires;  he  has  a  form  of  baby  speech. 

CASE,  B.  TH.,  age  19,  male,  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr;ecox 
k.ilatouia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  45,  chronic  alcoholic,  is  a  case  of  dementia 
pra'cox  paranoides.  The  boy's  mother  is  age  40,  has  had  eight  children,  does 
washing  and  ironing  to  support  the  family.  Case  has  one  brother  age  13, 
began  school  age  7,  now  in  fifth  grade.  He  has  another  brother  age  11,  is 
backward  in  school. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  from  age  6  to  14,  reached  sixth 
grade;  works  very  irregularl3^  He  had  the  following  arrests  in  the  Boys 
Court:  April  22,  burglary,  3  months  House  of  Correction;  August  3,  burglary; 
September  23  the  following  year,  burglary;  October  11,  disorderly  conduct, 
forfeited  his  bond;  June  16  the  following  year,  larceny;  September  5,  vagrancy; 
January  8,  disorderly  conduct;  February  5,  receiving  stolen  property. 

CASE,  B.  CH.,  age  18,  male,  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prscox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  45,  chronic  alcoholic,  quick-tempered,  quar- 
relsome, abusive  to  wife  and  familj\  The  boy's  mother  is  quick-tempered  and 
very  nervous.  Her  father  is  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  her  mother  had  to  go 
out  washing  to  help  support  the  family.  The  case  has  one  brother,  age  22, 
single,  chronic  alcoholic.  He  has  another  brother  age  21,  single,  reached  fifth 
grade  in  school.  He  has  another  brother,  age  16,  reached  fourth  grade,  has 
been  arrested.  He  has  another  brother  age  10  in  the  third  grade.  He  has 
one  sister  age  22,  single,  reached  fourth  grade  in  school,  had  an  illegitimate 
child.  He  has  another  sister  age  15,  single,  reached  fourth  grade;  another 
sister  age  8.  in  the  first  grade;  another  age  6  who  has  convulsions  and  is  very 
small  for  her  age. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  15,  reached  sixth  grade; 
worked  irregularly,  has  speech  defect.  Was  in  Juvenile  Court,  6  months  proba- 
tion; has  had  four  arrests  in  the   Boys  Court  for  larceny. 

CASE,  R.  TH.,  age  18,  single,  male,  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia 
pr;ecox  hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  48,  chronic  alcoholic,  married  three  times, 
had  seven  children  to  his  first  wife,  separated  from  her;  he  was  divorced  by 
iiis  second  wife;  his  third  marriage  was  common-law  marriage  and  they  finally 
separated.  Mother  of  the  case,  the  first  wife  of  his  father,  died  four  years  ago: 
she  was  quarrelsome.  Case  has  one  brother  age  26,  single,  has  been  arrested 
for  carrying  a  gun;  another  brother  age  35,  has  been  married  three  times;  his 
first  wife  divorced  him,  the  second  was  a  common-law  marriage  and  they 
finally  separated:  he  is  alcoholic.  Another  brother  age  21,  single,  is  alcoholic. 
.■\nothcr  brother,  age  15,  is  in  St.  Charles  Reform  School,  sent  from  Juvenile 
Court  for  stealing. 

Personal  History:  He  reached  third  grade  in  school;  has  been  in  Juvenile 
Court  four  limes  and  was  sent  to  John  Worthy  School  once  for  3  months.  He 
has  two  arrests  in  the  Boys  Court  and  was  sent  to  the  State  School  and  Colony 
for  the  Feeble-Minded  at  Lincoln. 

CASE.  A.  SH.,  age  22,  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prrecox  hebe- 
phrenia, male. 

Family  History:  Father  age  52,  he  is  an  erratic,  peculiar  man,  intensely 
einotional :   wife  had  him  arrested   once  in   Domestic    Relations    Court    for    non- 

—  376  — 


support;  he  deserted  wife  and  children,  liis  fallier  was  al^u  a  very  peculiar 
man  and  his  mother  much  more  so,  as  well  as  the  whole  family.  Father  has 
one  brother,  age  65,  single,  eccentric.  He  has  one  sister  who  is  married, 
eccentric.  He  has  another  sister  married,  eccentric,  has  deserted  her  husband 
and  family  several  times.  He  has  another  sister  age  55,  married,  three  thildren 
who  are  all  very  much  like  our  case.  She  was  divorced  from  her  tirst  husband 
and  married  again.  He  has  another  sister  married,  three  children;  she  is  very 
peculiar  and  w^as  separated  from  her  husband  and  later  divorced.  He  had  one 
sister  died  age  45,  single,  was  outspokenly  insane.  Our  case  has  two  second 
cousins  who  are  both  very  peculiar. 

The  boy's  mother  is  age  45,  nervous  and  e.xcitable;  her  father  died  of 
cancer  of  the  stomach;  he  was  a  chronic  alcoholic;  he  had  a  sister  who  had 
been  in  an  insane  asylum  twice;  his  mother  died  at  53  of  apople.Ky.  Mother 
has  one  brother  age  33,  single,  chronic  alcoholic,  has  had  stroke  of  apople.xy. 
She  has  another  brother  age  30.  single,  e|)ileptic;  another  brother  age  26, 
chronic  alcoholic,  very  peculiar;  she  has  a  sister  age  24,  married,  deserted  her 
husband.  Another  sister  age  22,  single,  is  blind.  Another  sister  age  42,  married 
twice,  divorced  from  rtrst  husband.  Another  sister,  widow,  has  four  children; 
she  remarried  a  widower,  she  had  two  children,  both  idiots,  one  is  in  feeble- 
minded institution  and  the  other  age  22  is  at  home. 

Case  has  one  brother  age  17,  school  6  to  14,  reached  fifth  grade,  he  is 
peculiar,  has  an  ungovernable  temper,  and  has  been  arrested. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  third  grade, 
worked  very  irregularly;  has  been  in  state  insane  asylum  twice;  he  is  married 
but  wife  separated  from  him  when  he  was  arrested  for  burglary;  he  has  epilepsy 
(petit  mal),  is  also  alcoholic;  has  contracted  gonorrhea  and  syphili'^.  He  was 
in  the  cavalry  m  the  United  States  Arm}',  was  putjn  the  psychopathic  hospital, 
discharged  from  the  service,  sent  back  from  the  Philippines  in  charge  of  two 
soldiers.  He  has  been  m  the  Juvenile  Court,  has  had  three  subsequent  arrests, 
once  for  burglary,  once  passing  a  bad  check,  and  prescjit  arrest  carrying  a  gun. 

CASE,  M.  JO.,  age  19,  male,  middle  grade  moron  i  Ins  <lcmcnt"a  pricco.K 
hebephrenia   plus   light   degree   chronic   alcoholism. 

Family  History:  Father  died  age  55.  of  cancer,  laborer;  alcoholic,  was 
arrested  and  served  a  term  in  the  Bridewell.  Mother  of  the  case  is  age  55, 
illiterate,  had  9  children;  did  washing  and  scrubbing  t')  help  support  the 
family.  Case  has  one  brother  age  27,  reached  fifth  grade  in  school;  another 
age  16,  reached  fifth  grade:  another  age  15,  reached  seventh  grade;  another  age 
11,  is  now  in  sixth  grade.  Case  has  a  sister  age  25,  married,  reached  fifth  grade; 
another  age  24,  married,  reached  fifth  grade;  another  age  22.  single,  works  in 
factory,  reached  sixth  grade.  Case  attended  school  age  6  to  16  and  reached 
third  grade;  never  worked  much,  has  been  idle  a  year  at  a  time.  The  mother 
and  four  boys  and  one  of  the  latter's  wives,  with  four  children,  all  live  to- 
gether in  five  rooms.  When  the  father  was  living  they  had  to  have  county 
aid  for  five  years;  house  disorderly  and  dirty;  mother  careless  lot)k:ng.  Son's 
wife  has  a  baby  one  week  old. 

Personal  History:  Has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court,  was  sent  once  to 
St,  Charles  School  and  another  time  to  the  John  Worthy  School;  has  the 
following  arrests  in  the  Boys  Court:  June  11,  larceny,  sent  to  the  House  of 
Correction;  November  11,  larceny,  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction;  March  3. 
burglary  and  larceny,  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction;  September  S,  r<>bbcr\-. 
held  to  the  Criminal  Court;  July  14,  disorderly  conduct;  January  3,  r..bi>ery; 
February  28,  on  suspicion. 

CASE,  P.  IS.,  age  17,  male,  single,  colored.  low  grade  moron  plus  de- 
mentia   pr?ecox   hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  46.  colored,  expressman,  married  twice,  has 
five  children  with  the  first  wife.  After  the  first  wife  died  he  practically 
deserted  the  family,  about  four  years  ago,  he  was  forced  to  take  them  back. 
The  father  has  one  brother,  age  75.  widower,  stationary  engmeer.  (jeaccn  in  the 
church.  He  has  another  brother,  age  68.  married,  farmer,  extremely  emotional. 
He   has   another   brother,    age    50.    married,     farmer,     extremely    emotional.      The 

—  377  — 


Ijoy's  motlitr  died  at  the  age  of  23  of  tuberculosis,  she  was  very  feeble  minded. 
Her  father  died  at  the  age  of  35,  he  was  retarded  cjn  the  intelligence  side,  and 
in  a(!ditii)n,  was  peculiar  and  eccentric,  and  had  an  ungovernable  temper.  The 
grandmother  of  the  boy  on  tiie  mother's  side  died  at  the  age  of  33  of  tuber- 
culosis, she  was  feeble  minded  and  very  nervous,  she  had  one  brother  married, 
a  farmer  whn  died  age  45,  he  had  two  children,  one  was  not  only  feeble  minded 
but  also  peculiar  and  eccentric.  She  had  another  brother,  married,  farmer, 
died  age  40.  had   five  children,  all   were  foible   minded. 

The  boy's  mother  has  one  brother,  age  40,  married,  farmer,  has  two  children, 
both  very  feeble-minded.  She  has  another  brother,  age  38,  married,  farmer,  who 
is  very  feeble-minded,  and  has  one  child  who  is  also  feeble-minded.  She  had 
another  brother  who  ran  away  from  home  at  age  15,  and  was  never  heard  of  again 
but  once  after  that.  She  had  one  sister,  died  age  19,  of  tuberculosis.  She  was 
feeble-minded.  She  had  another  sister,  age  45,  married.  She  is  feeble-minded 
and  has  three  children. 

Case  has  one  brother,  age  20,  attended  school  age  6  to  17,  and  reached  third 
grade.  He  has  another  brother,  age  16,  attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  third 
grade,  has  been  in  Juvenile  Court  for  stealing  motor  cycle,  placed  on  six  months' 
probation,  ran  away  three  weeks  later,  never  heard  from  since.  The  case  has  a 
sister  age  19,  single,  attended  school  age  6  to  18,  reached  fourth  grade.  Case  has 
another  sister  age  14,  began  school  age  6  and  is  now  in  fifth  grade. 

Personal  History:  School  age  6  to  15.  reached  second  grade.  Worked 
irregularly,  now  accused  of  raping  a  15-year-old  colored  girl.  He  has  been  intimate 
with  her  for  the  past  three  months.  Three  weeks  ago  the  girl  ran  away  with  another 
boy  and  was  gone  for  several  days.  Both  the  girl  and  mother  are  defective.  The 
girl's  mother  is  now  living  in  adultery. 

Case,  L.  SA.,  age  17,  male,  single,  low  grade  moron  plus  dementia  prjecox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  64,  laborer,  alcoholic,  has  not  worked  for 
several  years,  lives  with  his  eldest  married  son.  Boy's  mother  died  age  48  of 
tuberculosis.  Case  has  one  brother  age  26.  married,  has  three  children,  is  feeble- 
minded, has  great  difficulty  getting  along.  Case  has  another  brother  age  24,  single, 
feeble-minded.  Case  has  one  sister  age  32,  married,  has  five  children,  two  of  the 
children  in  school  are  backward.  Her  husband  is  a  peddler.  Case  has  another 
sister  age  30,  married,  feeble-minded,  has  three  children,  now  pregnant,  her  husband 
is  a  peddler. 

Personal  History:  School  age  5  to  13,  reached  second  grade,  has  done 
little  or  no  work,  has  been  in  Juvenile  Court  three  times,  first  for  trying  to  wreck 
an  express  passenger  train,  put  a  lot  of  railroad  ties  across  the  track,  served  ninety 
days  for  this.  Another  arrest  was  for  stealing  brass.  He  was  committed  to  the 
feeble-minded  institution  at  Lincoln.  Case  ran  away  from  Lincoln  a  week  ago,  now 
arrested  with  some  other  boys  for  cutting  lead  pipes  out  of  houses.  In  one  place 
they  did  $2,500  worth  of  damage  and  sold  the  pipe  for  $40.00.  In  another  place 
they  took  $250  worth  of  pipe  and  got  $8.00  for  it. 

CASE,  M.  CH.,  age  19,  male,  colored,  single,  low  grade  moron  plus  de- 
mentia pra'cox   hebephrenia. 

,  Farnily  History:  I-'ather  age  55,  carpenter,  active  in  church,  deserted  wife 
and  family  and  went  to  live  with  another  woman.  Mother  of  case  died  age  27  of 
tuberculosis.  She  had  five  children.  Her  father  was  colored,  and  her  mother  an 
Indian.  The  case  has  one  brother  age  25,  single,  feeble-minded,  never  attended 
school.  Two  other  brothers,  both  single,  have  tuberculosis,  are  defective.  Case 
has  one  sister  age  20,  married. 

Personal  History:  Never  attended  school.  Was  committed  from  Juvenile 
Court  to  an  institution.  Present  arrest  in  Boys  Court  for  receiving  stolen  property. 
He  has  gonorrhoea  and  lues. 

CASE.  R.  JO.,  age  21.  single,  male,  low  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pre- 
cox  iicbophrenia  plus  light  degree  chronic  alcoholism. 

Family  History:  Father,  Italian,  age  53.  in  United  States  25  years,  rail- 
road laborer  and  peddler,  ha?  been  arrested  several  times,  alcoholic.     Father  had 

—  378  — 


three  uncles  all  chronic  alcoholics,  one  was  deaf.  He  had  three  uncles  on  his 
mother's  side  also,  all  chronic  alcoholics.  "Mother,  American,  died  age  47,  in  an 
insane  asylum,  was  in  one  state  insane  asylum  for  four  years,  and  another  state 
msane  asylum  for  five  years.  Case  has  one  brother  age  18,  married,  attended  school 
to  age  16,  and  reached  fourth  grade. 

Personal  History:  Born  in  United  States,  attended  schorl  age  6  to  14, 
reached  fourth  grade.  He  has  been  arrested  over  a  dozen  times.  Once  he  tried 
to  wreck  a  train.    Was  in  one  of  the  state  hospitals  for  the  insane  for  six  months. 

CASE,  C.  MI.,  age  21,  single,  low  grade  nicjron  light  degree  chronic  alco- 
holism. 

Family  History:  Fatlier  age  63,  in  a  home  for  the  aged.  Hoy's  mother 
died  8  years  ago.  age  34.     Has  two  brothers  in  a  custodial   institution. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  age  6  to  12.  reached  third  grade. 
Committed  from  Juvenile  Court  to  custodial  institution,  has  had  two  arrests  in 
Boys  Court. 

CASE,  B.  FR.,  age  18,  single,  low  grade  moron,  plus  dementia  pra-cox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father  Russian,  age  61.  came  to  the  United  States  as 
a  young  man.  \\'orks  at  odd  jobs,  is  quick  tempered.  Married  twice;  his  first  wife 
died,  age  27.  She  was  the  mother  of  case.  The  boy's  grandfather  on  his  father's 
side  was  a  chronic  alcoholic.  The  boy  had  two  uncles  on  his  father's  side,  one 
with  seven  children,  the  other  with  nine,  both  were  chronic  alcoholics.  Another 
uncle  died  at  age  of  19  of  tuberculosis.  The  mother  of  the  case  died  at  age  21.  She 
was  insane  and  feeble-minded.     Her  father  was  insane  and  chronic  alcoholic. 

Personal  History:  Had  difficulty  in  getting  him  to  go  to  school,  he  would 
not  go  to  school  unless  accompanied  by  somebody,  was  always  silly  in  school,  and 
made  no  progress.  He  was  a  truant.  He  was  in  Juvenile  Court,  and  committed  to 
the  Parental  School.     Present  arrest  in  Boys  Court  for  larceny. 

CASE,  L.  ST.,  age  20,  single,  male,  low  grade  moron,  plus  dementia  pra^- 
cox    hcbeplirenia,    light    degree    chronic   alcoholism. 

Family  History:  Father  age  48,  Polish,  laborer,  quick  tempered,  chronic 
alcoholic.  Boy's  mother  age  55,  Polish,  high  temper.  She  has  a  brother  age  52. 
married,  laborer,  has  six  children,  is  chronic  alcoholic.  Case  has  one  brother  age  12, 
could  make  no  ])rogrcss  in  sc1io(j1,  liis  father  took  him  out  and  put  li.ni  to 
work. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  16,  readied  fourth  grade. 
Works  irregularly.  He  was  arrested  September  25,  drunk  and  had  a  loaded  shot 
gun,  placed  on  probation  for  six  months.  Arrested  December  7,  same  year,  was 
drunk,  and  had  a  loaded  revolver,  with  which  he  threatened  to  shoot  his  father, 
his  brother,  police  officer  and  himself. 

CASE,  S.  JO.,  age  18,  single,  male,  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia 
prseco.x  hebephrenia.     Attended  school  age  7  to  14,  reached  fourth  grade. 

Family  History:  Boy's  father,  age  42,  chronic  alcoholic,  alwavs  peculiar, 
furnished  family  a  precarious  existence,  would  beat  and  abuse  his  wife,  wife  has 
had  to  have  him  arrested.  We  examined  him  when  he  was  in  the  Domestic  Rela- 
tions Court,  and  found  him  to  be  a  high  grade  borderland  moron  plus  dementia 
precox  katatonia,  plus  chronic  alcoholism.  We  committed  him  to  the  Psycho- 
pathic Hospital,  from  whence  he  was  committed  to  one  of  the  state  hospitals  for 
the  insane.  Father  has  one  brother  age  56,  a  street  sweeper,  is  married,  has  ten 
children,  and  is  alcoholic.  The  mother  of  the  case  is  age  35,  is  a  high  grade  moron 
plus  dementia  prsecox  hebeohrenia.  She  has  had  eight  children.  Went  out  scrub- 
bing to  help  support  the  family.  Case  has  a  twin  brother,  age  18,  who  is  a  high 
grade  moron  plus  dementia  prxcox  hebephrenia,  attended  school  age  7  to  14,  and 
reached  fifth  grade.  He  is  now  under  arrest  with  his  brother  for  stealing  auto. 
He  has  been  arrested  before.  Case  has  another  brother  age  13,  began  school  age  7, 
in  first  grade  tnost  of  the  time.  .Another  brother,  age  10,  began  school  age  7,  still  in 
first  grade. 

—  379  — 


Personal  History:  ll;i.s  lircii  in  Juvenile  (ouii,  and  in  iioys  Court,  previous 
to  present  arrest.  Present  arrest  for  stealing  an  auto  with  his  twin  brother. 
Works  irregularly,  and  is  a  worthless  type. 

CASE.  S.  FR.,  male,  age  19,  high  grade  suciopatii  plus  dementia  prjecox 
katatonia  plus  moral  defect  plus  trace  of  chronic  alcoholism,  plus  pseudologia 
phantastioa. 

Family  History:  I'athcr  died  age  34,  tuberculosis.  He  was  a  chronic 
alcoholic,  worthless,  the  black  sheep.  He  was  married  but  his  wife  separated  from 
him.  He  would  bring  dogs  in  the  house,  shoot  them  dead  at  his  wife's  feet,  often 
threaten  to  shoot  her,  and  once  shot  her  through  the  shoulder.  He  was  finally 
committed  to  an  insane  asylum.  He  had  one  brother,  age  41,  chronic  alcoholic, 
married.  He  iiad  another,  age  45,  married,  chronic  alcoholic.  Had  another,  age  37, 
married,  chronic  alcolioiic.  One  brother  died,  age  30,  single,  chronic  alcoholic,  disso- 
lute. -Another  l)rother  died  age  20,  single,  chronic  alcolioiic.  Has  one  sister,  age  49, 
single.  Another,  age  43,  married,  has  nine  children.  Mother  of  the  case  is  age  41, 
married  twice.  Her  mother  is  age  64,  had  nervous  prostration  at  the  menopause. 
She  has  one  brother,  age  45,  divorced  from  his  wife.  She  has  a  sister,  age  43, 
married,  nervous  temperament,  has  a  tic,  had  St.  Vitus  dance  when  a  child. 

Personal  History:  Case  had  great  difficulty  in  school  and  was  a  chronic 
truant.  Has  been  an  incorrigible  thief  and  liar  since  a  young  child.  Has  had 
several  arrests  for  forgeries,  thefts  and  the  like.  In  spite  of  having  a  very  liberal 
monthly  allowance  he  persists  in  stealing  and  forging.  His  present  arrest  is  for 
going  into  the  band  room  of  one  of  the  universities  from  which  he  stole  a  horn,  a 
loving  cup,  50  overcoats,  and  a  typewriter ;  52  pawn  tickets  were  found  in  his  room 
for  various  articles  he  stole  and  pawned. 

CASE,  Z.  FR.,  age  17.  male,  single:  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr;e- 
co.x  katatonia ;  committed  to  feeble-minded  institution  at  Lincoln. 

Family  History:  Father  superintendent  of  mill  until  1914  when  he  came 
to  Chicago ;  he  was  a  gambler  years  ago  and  lost  his  business  by  it.  He  is  a 
moderate  drinker,  nervous  and  cannot  stand  excitement.  He  is  also  hard  of  hear- 
ing. He  went  to  Wisconsin  three  weeks  ago  to  visit  a  sick  sister,  and  has  not 
been  working  since.  He  was  left  an  orphan  when  a  boy  and  adopted  into  a  family, 
but  ran  away  at  age  20  and  went  west  to  a  coal  mine.  He  has  one  half-brother 
who  is  a  chronic  alcoholic.    He  has  one  sister  whose  son  is  a  chronic  alcoholic. 

Mother  of  case  was  married  twice,  first  time  when  age  13,  to  a  man  much 
older  than  herself.  Her  second  husband  was  the  father  of  case.  She  lost  her  mind 
and  committed  suicide  one  month  after  her  oldest  daughter  suicided.  Her  mother 
was  a  peculiar  woman ;  had  no  idea  of  the  value  of  a  dollar.  Her  half  brother  had 
one  daughter  who  married  a  man  after  knowing  him  for  one  day;  the  husband  of 
another  daughter  has  served  a  penitentiary  sentence. 

Case  has  one  half  brother  who  is  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  does  not  work  regu- 
larly ;  his  daughter,  age  18,  married,  separated  after  one  week  and  talked  about 
marrying  another  -man.  He  had  one  sister  who  was  feeble-minded,  very  low- 
grade,  who  died  a  year  ago.  One  sister  was  married  twice,  divorced  from  her  first 
husband.  Her  second  husband  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  thief  and  vicious  character ; 
both  the  sister  and  her  husband  committed  suicide. 

■  Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  age  6  to  14  and  reached  third 
grade;  he  has  not  held  a  job  for  any  length  of  time,  and  has  not  worked  at  all  for 
the  past  three  or  four  months.  The  father  of  case  was  at  one  time  a  coal  miner  and 
familiar  with  explosives.  He  says  that  case  worked  much  on  inventions  and  has 
whole  reams  of  paper  on  which  he  draws  his  ideas.  The  father  told  him  what  to 
get  in  the  way  of  ingredients  for  an  explosive  and  case  began  experimenting  on 
his  own  responsibility,  and  would  get  pieces  of  pipe,  fill  them  with  various  combina- 
tions, go  out  on  a  hill  in  the  public  park  where  people  were  sitting  and  experi- 
ment. The  rocks  would  fly  three  hundred  feet  in  the  air  and  people  would  flee. 
Case  was  arrested  for  tieing,  gagging  and  robbing  a  girl. 


380 


CASES    FROM    MORALS    COURT 

CASE,  B  FR.,  age  23,  single,  female,  low  grade  sociopath  plus  dementia 
praecox  katatonia. 

Family  History:  Father  age  50,  farmer,  praccox.  He  has  one  brother, 
age  48,  married,  farmer,  chronic  alcoholic.  Another  brother,  age  46,  farmer,  mar- 
ried, chronic  alcoholic.  Has  another  brother,  age  44,  single,  insane,  dropped  from 
the  army.  Another  brother,  age  30,  single,  also  insane,  chronic  alcoholic.  Father 
of  the  case  has  one  sister,  age  50  when  she  married,  mentally  defective.  Had 
another  sister,  age  40,  married  sixteen  years  and  has  five  children.  Mother  of  the 
case,  age  50,  extremely  nervous  and  high  tempered.  Her  father  died  at  80.  He 
was  a  peculiar  and  difficult  man.  She  has  an  uncle  on  her  mother's  side,  age  50, 
widower,  chronic  alcoholic.  He  had  two  sons,  both  feeble-minded  and  queer. 
The  case  has  one  brother,  age  17,  attended  school  age  7  to  14,  and  reached  fourth 
grade,  was  kept  at  home.  She  has  another  brother,  age  11,  in  the  third  grade. 
Case  has  one  sister,  age  26,  married,  very  psychopathic,  was  intimate  with  her 
husband  before  she  married  him.  Another  sister,  age  21,  single,  reached  fourth 
grade.  Another  sister  died  age  22,  had  eclampsia,  she  had  two  children,  had 
forced  marriage,  was  pregnant  when  she  got  married. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  7  to  12,  reached  fourth  grade, 
cannot  get  along  anywhere  or  hold  position,  very  nervous,  resistant,  stubborn, 
and  rough.  Has  been  stubborn  since  childhood,  has  already  been  in  a  private 
sanitarium.  Carries  on  unnatural  sexual  practices.  Present  arrest  caught  in 
public  park  in  broad  daylight  carrying  on  perverted  practices  with  a  soldier. 
The  latter  was  age  33,  single,  low  grade  sociopath  plus  psychopathic. 

CASE,  J.  JO.,  age  27,  male,  low  grade  sociopath  plus  psychopathic  plus 
morphinist    and    chronic    alcoholism,    epilepsy. 

Family  History:  Father,  ay:e  54.  gate  tender  railroad  cri Losing,  marr^t^d 
twice,  first  wife  died,  second  wife  living.  Mother  of  the  case  is  age  65,  weM- 
known  fortune  teller,  in  this  business  for  a  great  many  years,  married  twice.  First 
husband  died  by  whom  she  had  five  children.  Second  husband  living  by  whom  she 
has  had  one  child,  our  case.  She  had  one  sister  scalded  to  death.  Case  has  two 
half  brothers  on  the  mother's  side,  one  age  32,  single,  in  the  army  four  years,  had 
one  arrest  previous  to  going  in  the  army ;  another  half  brother  age  44,  single, 
chronic  alcoholic,  has  had  delirium  tremens.  He  has  a  half  sister,  age  39,  married, 
has  six  children.  She  had  to  earn  her  living  washing,  as  the  husband  was  worth- 
less and  they  were  finally  divorced. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  14.  reached  titiii  grade,  ran 
a  news  stand  and  later  on  a  shoe-shining  place.  He  lost  his  eyesight  through  an 
accident  about  five  years  ago,  since  which  time  he  has  made  a  living  peddling  lead 
pencils  and  begging.  He  takes  about  fifteen  grains  of  morphine  a  day.  Was 
arrested  once  in  a  raid  on  an  opium  place  and  sent  for  a  cure,  which  did  no  good. 
He  has  been  living  in  a  filthy,  miserable  basement  with  a  Mrs.  IT.  AN.  age  37, 
whose  history  follows.  She  has  had  four  children  by  her  own  husband,  a  decent, 
hard-working  man,  a  good  provider  and  a  good  home  maker  in  every  way,  whom 
she  has  left  to  go  and  live  in  a  basement  with  our  case,  and  eke  out  a  precarious 
existence.  She  has  had  four  children  by  her  legitimate  husband,  aged  18,  16,  11,  and 
10  respectively.  She  has  an  illegitimate  child  to  our  case.  She  has  been  in  the 
Juvenile  Court,  but  refuses  absolutely  to  go  back  to  her  husband  and  children 
She  contracted  the  morphine  habit  from  her  paramour.  He  was  arrested  once  be- 
fore on  complaint  of  his  mother. 

CASE,  H.  AN.,  age  37,  female,  married,  middle  grade  moron  plus  de- 
mentia prsecox  hebephrenia  plus  morphinism. 

Family  History:  Father,  died  age  45,  cancer  of  the  sK  mach.  was  a  chronic 
alcoholic  and  worthless,  and  the  mother  of  our  case  finally  divorced  him.  He 
married  again,  was  arrested  a  couple  of  times.  His  father  was  a  sickly  man  for 
a  long  time  before  he  died.     His  mother  died  of  cancer.     The  mother  of  the  case 

—  381  — 


ilicd  age  50.  vSlic  made  Irt  home  witli  a  sister  of  the  case.  Case  did  not  know 
(his  was  the  mother  until  slic  was  aRC  19.  Case  was  raised  by  her  grandmother 
tu  aKC  14,  tlieii  her  fatlier  and  stepmother  took  her.  Her  father  was  married  twice 
and  her  mother  was  married  three  times.  While  the  mother  was  pregnant  one 
time  slie  deserted  l)0th  her  and  her  father.  They  were  finally  divorced  and  she 
married  a  second  time,  divorced  this  man,  and  married  a  third  man  from  whom 
she  is  now  separated.  She  owned  her  house,  insured  it,  set  it  on  fire  and  served 
three  years  in  the  penitentiary  for  doing  it.  Case  has  one  stepbrother  by  her  own 
father  and  his  second  wife,  age  24,  single,  and  a  chronic  alcoholic.  The  case  has 
one  sister,  age  3.3,  married  three  times,  divorced  first  husband  by  whom  she  had 
two  children.  11  cr  second  husband  died,  and  the  third  marriage  was  a  forced 
one,  she  being  illegitimately  pregnant. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  from  age  9  to  14,  reached  second 
grade,  married  age  17,  left  husband  a  year  ago  to  go  and  live  with  J.  JO.,  age  27, 
whose  hi-tory  preceded  this  one.  Her  legitimate  husband  is  age  Zl .  She  deserted 
him  a  year  ago.  She  has  four  children  living,  all  more  or  less  defective  and  three 
dead.  Her  marriage  to  him  was  a  forced  one,  she  being  illegitimately  pregnant  at 
the  time.  She  has  been  living  intimately  with  J.  JO.  for  over  a  year  and  has  an 
illegitimate  child,  aged  4  months,  to  him.  Both  she  and  her  paramour  are  morphin- 
ists and  the  nursing  child  also  shows  the  efifects  of  it.  She  refused  absolutely  to  go 
back  to  her  legitimate  husband,  although  he  maintained  a  very  desirable  home  and 
was  willing  to  take  her  back.    We  committed  her. 

CASE,  K.  AN.,  age  19,  female,  low  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr?ecox 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  45,  chronic  alcoholic,  abusive  to  wife  and 
children.  Mother  of  the  case,  age  42,  practically  illiterate,  has  had  nine  children. 
Is  very  filthy  about  her  person  and  the  house  and  is  quite  defective  mentally.  She 
has  a  brother,  age  40,  married,  has  five  children,  teamster,  chronic  alcoholic,  has 
been  arrested.  She  has  another  brother,  age  38,  married,  chronic  alcoholic,  has 
been  arrested  for  non-support  of  wife  and  children.  She  has  one  sister,  age  44, 
married,  has  ten  boys  and  two  girls. 

Case  has  one  sister,  age  21,  who  works  very  irregularly.  She  has  a  brother, 
age  13,  began  school  age  6,  now  in  the  fourth  grade,  is  defective.  She  has  a  sister, 
age  11,  began  school  age  6,  now  in  the  third  grade. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  from  age  5  to  12,  reached  fourth 
grade,  has  worked  very  irregularly,  is  not  able  to  hold  a  position  any  length  of 
time.  Arrested  for  living  with  a  man  named  John,  who  has  been  arrested  numerous 
times,  and  has  served  a  term  in  Pontiac.  She  broke  her  probation  by  going  to  live 
in  a  house  of  prostitution  and  was  sentenced  to  House  of  Correction. 

CASE,  M.  LA.,  age  22,  female,  high  grade  sociopath  plus  dementia  pra;cox 
katat'Miia. 

Family  History:  I'athcr  died  age  42,  had  "brain  fever"  a  year  before  he 
died,  is  reported  to  have  died  of  grief.  He  and  his  wife  were  divorced.  She  had 
a  child  by  another  man  while  living  with  him.  Father  of  the  case  was  dissolute, 
abusive,  e.\tremely  quick-tempered  and  quarrelsome.  He  had  one  brother,  age  45, 
married,  chronic  alcoholic.  Had  another  brother,  age  50,  single,  had  to  go  to  a 
hospital  for  nervous  breakdown.  He  had  five  brothers  dead,  one  was  drowned. 
He  had  four  sisters  die,  one  was  married,  age  32,  had  always  been  a  cripple.  The 
other  three  were  single.  The  mother  of  the  case  died  age  32,  married  twice.  She 
and  her  first  husband  were  divorced  and  she  later  married  the  man  to  whom  she 
was  pregnant  while  still  living  with  her  husband.  She  has  always  been  intimate 
with  men  other  than  her  husband  during  her  married  life.  Her  father  died  of 
tuberculosis  age  2>2,  and  her  mother  is  still  living,  age  78,  married  twice.  She  has 
one  brother  age  40,  married,  extremely  nervous.  Another  brother,  age  35,  married, 
had  "brain  fever"  four  years  ago.  She  has  another  brother,  age  35,  twin  to  the 
above,  married,  ten  children.  He  deserted  his  family.  She  has  another  brother, 
age  42,  chronic  alcoholic,  has  had  several  nervous  breakdowns  and  had  to  go  to 
hospital'^   for   extensive   periods,   is   the  black   sheep   of  the   family,   married   twice, 

—  382  — 


divorced   from   the   first,   and  separated   from   the  second.     He  has  been   arrested. 
She  has  four  brothers  dead. 

Case  has  one  sister,  age  32,  single;  another  sister,  age  29,  single,  very  nervous, 
in  the  hospital  for  the  past  two  years  for  "nervous  breakdown." 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  a.ere  8  m  15,  grn-hiaterl  eiu^hth  grade. 
Went  into  the  show  business  as  a  muscle  dancer.  She  married  a  soldier  two  yeirs 
ago,  one  child  8  months  old.  She  has  been  promiscuously  intimate  with  other 
men  right  along.  As  a  juvenile  was  committed  to  a  home  for  girls  for  four  years. 
Has  been  arrested  for  soliciting.  She  has  had  two  illegitimate  children.  Her  hus- 
band is  divorced  from  her  and  she  is  engaged  to  marry  a  soldier,  age  30,  who  has 
two  young  children  age  8  and  6.  She  is  now  arrested  as  an  accomplice  in  a  murder. 
Her  accomplice  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  life.  She  has  since  been  arrested 
and  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction  on  another  charge;  served  6  months,  released 
and  shortly  after  again  arrested. 

CASE,  N.  BE.,  age  32,  female,  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pr.TCOx 
katatonia  plus  preparalytic  dementia. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  45.  Russian,  died  nf  cancer.  I. oft  h"?  famih- 
twice  in  Russia  and  came  to  the  United  States.  Mother  of  the  case,  age  55. 
Russian,  never  in  the  United  States.  She  had  ten  children,  very  nervous,  had  to 
consult  doctor  for  her  nerves.  Her  mother  died  age  60,  blind  for  a  great  many 
years  before  her  death,  was  very  nervous. 

Persoral  History:  Ru-s'an  Tevc?-.  in  T'nited  States  16  years,  attended 
school  age  9  to  12  years,  reached  third  grade.  She  became  illegitimately  pregnant 
and  to  avoid  the  disgrace  her  folks  sent  her  to  America,  getting  a  married  man 
who  was  also  going  to  America  to  pose  as  her  husband,  so  that  she  could  pass 
by  the  immigration  inspectors.  She  had  her  child  in  a  maternity  hospital  shortly 
after  arriving  in  New  York.  Later  on  she  had  another  illegitimate  child.  She 
had  a  brother  in  America,  but  he  could  not  keep  her  because  of  her  incorrigibility. 
She  has  been  a  prostitute  ever  since  coming  to  America,  much  of  the  time  living 
with  panderers  in  most  of  the  large  eastern  and  middle  west  cities.  One  of  the 
men  who  pandered  through  her  was  arrested  on  her  complaint  and  sentenced  to 
twenty  years  in  prison.  She  was  subsequently  found  insane  and  committed  to  the 
state  hospital  for  the  insane,  where  she  was  kept  for  two  or  three  months.  The 
case  was  then  reopened  and  the  man  discharged.  She  has  had  numerous  arrests, 
and  served  numerous  sentences.  She  is  insanely  jealous  and  because  of  this  has 
turned  state's  evidence  against  men  and  women  with  whom  she  came  in  contact. 
Has  had  lues. 

CASE,  M.  RU.,  age  33,  fair  average  intelligence  plus  dementia  pra-cox 
hebephrenia  plus  sex  pervert. 

Family  History:  Father  nervous  and  quicktemnered.  >' other  di'-d  when 
case  was  age  3;  she  has  a  brother  who  is  a  moral  defect  and  homosexual.  He  is 
wealthy  and  takes  boys  to  Europe  with  him. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  age  n  to  19  at  a  military  academy. 
He  says  that  as  a  small  boy  in  dresses  he  would  climb  up  on  a  secretary  to  peep 
in  over  the  transom  of  the  bath  room  when  his  brother  would  bathe;  he  was 
thrilled  when  he  saw  his  brother  step  out  of  his  clothes.  H^  would  not  expose 
himself,  would  never  undress  before  his  brother.  He  says  that  he  did  everything 
possible  to  control  his  homosexual  impulse,  utterly  without  avail.  He  was  arrested 
for  soliciting,  he  unconsciously  solicited  a  plain-clothes  man.  a  rather  young  fellow 
whom  he  never  suspected  of  being  an  officer  on  account  of  his  youth.  He  says  he 
never  gives  nor  takes  money. 


—  383  — 


CASES   FROM   DOMESTIC    RELATIONS  BRANCH 

CASE,  G.  JO.,  aj^'c  44,  male,  IurIi  K''^i<le  sociopath  ijIus  (knieiitia  pra^cox 
katatniiia.     I'.icn  in  Uiiited  States  17  years. 

Family  History:  l''atiicr  was  a  chronic  alrohf  lie,  his  wife  had  '"•nally  to 
divorce  him  because  of  non-support  and  abuse.  He  also  deserted  his  wife.  After 
she  divorced  him  he  lived  with  another  woman  as  man  and  wife,  though  un-. 
married  to  her.  Me  then  got  into  some  trouble  and  came  to  the  United  States. 
Tiie  mother  of  the  case  was  married  twice,  divorced  her  first  husband  by  whom 
she  had  tliree  children.     Second  husband,  died  by  whom  she  had  two  children. 

She  had  one  brother  separated  from  his  wife  because  she  was  of  an  impossible 
nature. 

The  case  had  one  brother  who  was  drowned  in  a  mud  puddle  at  the  age  of  2. 
Has  another  brother  age  26,  single,  alcoholic.  He  is  a  wanderer.  Ran  away  from 
home. 

Personal  History:  iXttended  school  from  age  six  to  lifteen  and  got  through 
the  village  school.  Has  been  married  thirteen  years,  hSs  six  children,  and  his  wife 
is  now  eight  months  pregnant.  He  was  arrested  several  times  in  Europe,  and 
was  in  two  insane  asylums.  Was  arrested  in  this  country  before  his  marriage  and 
has  been  arraigned  twenty-seven  times  in  the  Court  of  Domestic  Relations  for  non- 
support. 

CASE,  S.  LO.,  age  21,  married,  high  grade  mnroii  plus  dementia  pra-co.x 
hebephrenia. 

Family  History:     Father,  age  45,  patent  medicine  peddler.     Mother,  age  41. 

Case  has  one  brother  age  23,  attended  school  from  the  age  of  6  to  16,  reached 
fifth  grade.  Had  another  brother  age  17,  attended  school  6  to  14,  reached  sixth 
grade.     Has  sister  aged  13,  who  is  in  the  fourth  grade. 

Personal  History:  Attended  schocd  age  six  to  age  t(jurteen.  readied  fifth 
grade,  has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court,  in  the  Juvenile  Home,  for  larceny.  He  has 
also  served  two  terms  in  the  House  of  Correction,  and  is  now  sent  for  the  third  time 
for  a  year  for  wife  abandonment.  A  friend  of  his,  a  inarried  man,  was  under  arrest 
ill  the  bastardy  court  and  gave  otir  case  $25  to  assume  fatherhood  of  the  child, 
which  the  latter  did.  The  girl  was  age  28,  and  had  three  illegitimate  children 
living  when  he  married  her,  two  white  and  one  black.  His  wife  is  a  high  grade 
moron  plus  dementia  prrecox  hebephrenia.  His  wife's  parents  are  both  chronic 
alcoholics  and  well-known  police  characters.  His  wife  has  the  following  sisters 
and  brothers :  One  sister,  age  40,  was  a  prostitute,  chronic  alcoholic,  was  living 
with  a  man  she  was  not  married  to,  has  two  children  living.  Another,  age  32, 
prostitute,  very  tough  character,  now  living  with  a  man  to  whom  she  is  not  mar- 
ried, has  an  illegitimate  child,  age  12,  in  the  second  grade  in  school.  Another 
sister,  age  22,  was  a  prostitute  and  tough,  had  an  illegitimate  child,  is  now  married 
to  a  bartender.  Another  sister,  age  17,  has  had  an  illegitimate  child  and  forced 
marriage,  notorious  police  character.  The  wife  of  our  case  has  one  brother  who 
died  at  the  age  of  30,  of  chronic  alcoholism.  The  case  has  always  been  a  burden 
and  worry  to  his  parents,  would  never  work  or  support  himself.  A  month  or  so 
after  he  married  this  girl  he  helped  his  friend  out  again  in  another  similar  case, 
he  having  relations  with  the  girl  at  the  request  of  his  friend.  He  was  brought  into 
the  Domestic  Relations  Court  and  sentenced  to  the  House  of  Correction  for  non- 
support,  contributing  to  the  delinquency  of  children  and  wife-abandonment. 

CASE,  P.  AM.,  age  20.  single,  female,  high  grade  borderland  moron  plus 
dementia  prcTCox  katatonia.     She  attended  school  .age  5  to  14,  reached  sixth  grade. 

Family  History:  Father  age  54,  high  grade  borderland  moron  phis  dementia 
prrecox  hebephrenia  plus  chronic  alcoholism.  He  beats  and  abuses  his  wife  and 
famdy,  works  irregularly,  and  has  a  long  record  in  the  Domestic  Relations  Court 
and  police  stations.  He  has  served  five  terms  in  the  House  of  Correction.  He 
has  delusions  of  infidelity.  Has  deserted  family  several  times.  Was  forced  to 
marry  wife  five  years  ago.  after  having  lived  intimatelv  with  her  for  23  years. 
He  has  attempted  suicide  three  times  with  gas,  and  another  time  bought  a  revolver 
with   which  to  kill   himself.     We  finally  had  to  commit  him  to  the   Psychopathic 

—  384  — 


Hospital,  from  whence  he  was  committed  to  one  of  the  state  hospitals  for  the  in- 
sane. His  father  was  exactly  the  same  type  of  man,  except  that  he  was  not  so 
alcoholic.  His  mother  was  a  querulous,  impossible  type  of  woman  whom  no  one 
could  get  along  with.  He  had  one  brother  age  48,  married,  outspoken  praecox 
case.  He  had  another  brother,  died  age  23  of  tuberculosis ;  he  was  backward  on 
the  intelligence  side,  precox  and  chronic  alcoholic.  He  had  another  brother  who 
suicided  when  he  was  age  28;  he  was  married  and  a  chronic  alcoholic.  He  has 
another  brother  age  36,  married,  defective  on  the  intelligence  side,  and  also  pracox. 
He  had  one  brother  die  age  15,  who  was  afflicted  with  epilepsy.  The  girl's  mother 
is  age  49;  she  is  a  high  grade  moron.  She  lived  intimately  with  her  husband  as. 
his  wife,  without  being  married,  for  23  years.  He  married  her  five  years  ago.  She 
has  always  had  to  go  out  scrubbing  and  washing.  Her  father  died  age  48  of 
tuberculosis.  He  was  a  chronic  alcoholic.  Her  mother  is  age  84,  mentally  defective. 
She  has  one  sister  age  47,  married  twice.  She  has  five  children  by  her  first  hus- 
band. The  only  boy  in  this  group  is  worthless  and  chronic  alcoholic.  She  had 
another  sister  age  45,  married,  chronic  alcoholic,  who  fell  down  stairs  while  drunk 
and  was  killed. 

Case  has  four  brothers.  The  oldest,  age  25.  married,  attended  school  age  6  to 
14,  reached  fifth  grade.  He  was  a  chronic  truant.  He  is  backward  on  his  intelli- 
gence side,  and  also  a  prjecox.  He  has  been  in  the  Juvenile  Court  and  sent  to 
Parental  School,  and  also  arrested  since  then.  She  has  another  brother,  age  23, 
single.  Attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  seventh  grade,  is  of  not  much  account. 
She  has  another  brother,  age  19,  single,  high  grade  borderland  moron  plus  dementia 
praecox  hebephrenia.  He  is  a  chronic  truant.  Was  in  Juvenile  Court  twice,  and 
committed  to  the  Parental  vSchool  twice.  He  is  chronic  alcoholic,  idle  most  of  the 
time,  and  still  has  nocturnal  eneuresis.  He  is  rough  and  brutal  to  the  whole  family. 
He  was  arrested  in  the  Boys  Court  on  the  occasion  of  our  examining  him.  She  has 
another  brother  age  5,  defective  on  the  intelligence  side,  and  praecox.  Case  has  one 
sister  age  13,  began  school  age  6,  is  in  sixth  grade.  She  is  also  pracox,  had  noctur- 
nal eneuresis  to  age  6.  She  has  another  sister  age  11,  began  school  age  6,  is  in  the 
sixth  grade.     She  is  also  praecox.     Nocturnal  eneuresis  up  to  age  9. 

Personal  History:  .\ttendcd  school  age  5  to  14,  readied  -ixth  grade. 
She  was  a  chronic  truant,  finally  dismissed  from  school  because  of  incorrigibility. 
She  is  also  incorrigible  at  home.  She  is  a  pest  wherever  she  goes.  Her  mother 
discovered  she  was  having  intercourse  with  a  man  at  age  14.  She  gave  the  police  a 
great  deal  of  trouble,  finally  arrested  in  Juvenile  Court  age  14.  Probation  was  of 
no  account,  and  she  finally  had  to  be  committed  to  a  custodial  institution,  where 
she  remained  ten  months.  She  was  committed  on  two  later  occasions  from  Juvenile 
Court  to  the  Geneva  School  for  Girls  for  ten  months  each  time.  Later  arrested 
and  committed  to  the  House  of  Correction.  Present  arrest  in  the  Morals  Court. 
She  has  had  two  illegitimate  children.  Both  she  and  the  new  born  child  have  active 
syphilis.  She  totally  neglected  both  of  her  illegitimate  children.  She  has  run  away 
from  home,  and  can  not  be  made  to  work.  She  quarrels  with  everybody,  and  was 
so  obstreperous  that  they  could  not  keep  her  in  the  maternity  ward  at  the  hospital, 
where  she  went  to  be  confined  with  her  last  illegitimate  child. 

CASE,  W.  WN.,  age  38,  male,  low  grade  sociopath  nlus  dementia  pra-cox 
hebephrenia  plus  preparalytic  dementia  plus  chronic  alcoholism. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  68,  painter  and  paperliangcr.  He  has  deserted 
his  family  several  times,  once  for  three  years  when  he  returned  and  gave  his  wife 
a  serious  venereal  disease,  and  on  another  occasion  for  six  months  when  his  mother 
was  living  with  them  and  he  w'ould  not  return  until  she  got  out.  He  was  very 
abusive  to  wife  and  family  and  a  poor  supporter.  He  has  been  arrested.  He  had  a 
brother,  married  twice,  deserted  his  second  wife,  was  finally  hung  for  murder.  The 
mother  of  our  case  died  age  58  of  cancer  of  the  breast.  She  was  a  peculiar  woman, 
was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  and  was  arrested  once  for  larceny.  Her  father  was  dis- 
owned by  the  family  for  marrying  his  mother's  washwoman,  who  was  the  grand- 
mother of  our  case.  Our  case  has  one  brother,  age  (il,  chronic  alcoholic,  has  been 
married  twice,  deserted  the  first  wife  and  her  three  children.  Case  has  one  sister, 
age  54,  who  is  a  chronic  alcoholic.  She  was  married  to  one  of  the  regulars  in  the 
United   States  army,  but  lived  at  different  times  with  four  other  men.     Case  has 

—  385  — 


..lie  Ijrotlicr  UK'c  42,  :v  very  dissulutc  rharaclcr,  Icanisler,  married,  has  seven  children, 
is  a  chronic  alc.liolic  and  has  not  worked  for  years,  has  been  arrested  as  a  pick- 
pocket. Case  has  another  brother,  age  34,  attended  school  age  6  to  15,  reached 
third  grade,  married  twice,  second  marriage  being  a  forced  one.  His  hrst  wite 
divorced  him,  his  second  was  a  prostitute,  he  later  shot  her.  He  was  a  chronic 
alcoholic  and  cocainist.  At  the  same  time  he  shot  his  wife  he  shot  and  killed  an- 
other woman  and  was  sent  to  the  state  penitentiary  for  life  for  murder.  He  has 
another  brother  age  23,  married,  has  been  arrested  three  times.  Has  another 
brother  age  40  attended  school  age  6  to  16,  reached  third  grade,  chronic  alcoholic, 
married  three  times.  He  deserted  his  first  wife  and  later  they  were  divorced.  He 
deserted  his  second  wife,  although  he  had  three  children,  and  she  divorced  him  on 
the  grounds  of  desertion,  non-support,  and  cruelty.  He  has  just  been  married  to 
the  third  wife.  Had  ten  brothers  that  died  in  infancy.  The  case  has  one  sister, 
age  47,  married,  has  three  children.  She  and  her  daughter  go  out  consorting  with 
men  together  and  they  try  to  induce  the  wife  of  the  case  to  accompany  them.  He 
has  another  sister,  age  31,  married,  has  three  children.  She  contracted  lues  through 
her  husl>and  and  the  whole  family  have  it.     She  consorts  with  other  men. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  age  4>4  (kindergarten)  to  age  12 
and  reached  third  grade.  He  was  a  messenger  boy,  later  on  painter  and  paper 
hanger.  He  is  a  chronic  alcoholic,  abusive,  cruel,  and  insulting  to  his  wife  and 
family  and  a  very  poor  provider,  not  working  for  long  periods  and  many  times  not 
giving  her  the  least  support  whatsoever.  They  were  separated  twice.  His  wife 
was  a  prostitute  before  he  married  her.  She  is  also  a  chronic  alcoholic.  She  has 
been  unfaithful  to  her  husband  and  has  been  intimate  several  times  with  her  sister- 
in-law's  husband.  She  has  had  two  miscarriages  from  other  men.  She  has  at- 
tempted suicide  twice.  She  and  her  husband  quarrel  a  great  deal  and  often  come  to 
blows,  throwing  things  at  each  other.  They  have  three  children  living,  one  girl 
age  14,  who  began  school  age  6  and  is  now  in  the  seventh  grade,  is  extremely 
nervous,  quick-tempered  and  has  hereditary  lues;  a  boy,  age  12,  began  school  age  7, 
now  in  fourth  grade,  has  an  umbilical  hernia,  quick-tempered,  and  was  only  2  feet  6 
inches  tall  when  aged  7,  very  nervous,  constantly  dreaming;  girl,  age  16,  began 
school  age  6,  now  in  eighth  grade,  very  nervous,  quick-tempered,  selfish,  and  very 
mean,  goes  into  rages  and  breaks  dishes  by  throwing  them  on  the  floor.  The  case 
was  arrested  when  he  was  age  17,  now  arrested  on  complaint  of  his  wife. 

CASE,  S.  IR.,  male,  age  28,  low  grade  sociopatli  plus  dementia  prcccox 
hebephrenia  plus  chronic  alcoholism  plus  gonorrhoea. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  54,  janitor,  born  in  the  United  States  illiterate, 
chronic  alcoholic.  His  wife  was  married  three  times;  he  was  her  second  husband. 
She  was  intimate,  all  the  time  she  was  living  with  him,  with  other  men.  These 
men  would  beat  him  up,  and  he  finally  deserted  her.  She  divorced  him.  In  addi- 
tion to  being  a  chronic  alcoholic,  he  was  quarrelsome,  headstrong,  abusive  physically 
as  well  as  in  language,  had  an  ungovernable  temper ;  in  short,  was  exactly  like  our 
case  is  now.  Our  case  had  one  uncle  on  his  father's  side,  who  was  a  chronic  alco- 
holic. Father  had  one  half  brother,  also  chronic  alcoholic,  married  to  a  divorcee. 
Father  had  four  sisters,  one  age  50,  very  nervous;  another,  age  48,  married  twice; 
her  first  husband  was  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  generally  worthless.  There  were  two 
children  to  this  union,  one  a  boy  who  died  young  and  a  girl  aged  25,  who  was 
mentally  deranged,  who  has  been  married  a  short  time,  but  has  already  had  several 
separations.  The  case  has  another  aunt  on  his  father's  side,  age  40,  widow,  very 
nervous.  Her  husband  was  a  chronic  alcoholic.  They  had  one  son,  age  24,  also  a 
chronic  alcoholic.  The  mother  of  the  case  was  born  in  the  United  States,  age  54, 
married  three  times.  She  divorced  her  first  husband,  the  second  was  the  father 
of  our  case.  She  has  since  married  her  third  husband,  age  29.  The  latter  is  a 
chronic  alcoholic,  never  works,  and  they  have  been  separated  several  times.  He 
is  utterly  worthless  and  deserts  her  two  and  three  months  at  a  time.  The  mother 
of  our  ca?e  is  an  alcoholic  and  inveterate  cigarette  smoker.  She  never  turns  her 
hand  to  the  least  thing.  She  runs  a  couple  of  rooming  houses  in  a  questionable 
part  of  the  city  for  questionable  purposes.  She  has  one  brother  living,  age  50, 
married  twice.  He  was  divorced  from  his  first  wife  and  his  second  wife  was  a 
widow  with  three  children.     He  is  a  heavy  chronic  alcoholic.     She  has  a   sister, 

—  386  — 


age  50,  who  has  been  married  and  divorced  twice.  She  is  very  nervous.  She  runs 
a  rooming  house.  She  has  a  daughter  who  has  been  married  twice.  The  latter 
divorced  her  first  husband,  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  and  had  delirium  tremens.  She 
had  two  children  by  the  first  marriage,  one  of  whom  is  an  epileptic. 

Our  case  has  one  half  brother  and  two  own  sisters.  The  half  brother  is  age  32, 
single,  very  defective  mentally,  chronic  alcoholic,  gets  delirium  tremens.  Has  beec 
arrested  innumerable  times.  His  eldest  sister  is  age  26,  single,  reached  sixth  grade, 
and  works  in  a  laundry.  Her  other  sister  is  age  21,  both  she  and  her  husband 
work  in  laundries.  She  lives  with  her  mother  and  he  with  his.  She  is  5  feet  10 
inches  tall  and  her  husband  is  5  feet  3  inches. 

Personal  History:  Attended  school  age  6  to  11,  reached  fifth  grade.  Age 
15,  arrested  on  charge  of  robbery.  He  works  very  irregularly  and  does  not  hold  job 
for  any  length  of  time.  He  is  idle  more  than  he  works.  He  has  not,  for  instance, 
worked  for  the  last  si-x  months.  He  is  highly  sexed,  is  a  chronic  alcoholic,  beats 
and  abuses  his  wife  and  uses  the  vilest  kind  of  language  imaginable  to  her.  He 
gives  her  little  or  no  support  and  one  time  they  had  to  sleep  for  three  nights  in  the 
bushes  on  the  bank  of  a  river.  He  has  deserted  her  several  times,  came  back  three 
times  with  gonorrhoea,  and  now  has  chronic  gonorrhea.  The  last  time  he  deserted 
her  he  joined  the  troops.  His  wife  has  chronic  gonorrhoea.  She  is  a  low  grade 
sociopath  and  praecox.  She  was  pregnant  by  another  man  when  she  married  our 
case,  who  knew  about  the  situation.  The  child  was  born  seventeen  days  after 
they  were  married. 

CASE,  D.  RU.,  age  48,  male;  high  grade  moron  plus  dementia  pra;cox 
hebephrenia,  at  times  katatonic,  light  degree  chronic  alcoholism. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  83,  was  a  chronic  alcoholic,  Jiigh-tempered, 
irritable,  very  cruel,  quarrelsome  and  brutal,  would  beat  his  wife  into  unconscious- 
ness;  was  sentenced  to  JefFersonville  Penitentiary  for  four  years  for  stealing;  he 
was  married  twice,  his  second  wife  being  an  Indian,  who  was  his  brother's  wife 
previously;  his  first  wife  divorced  him  on  account  of  drink  and  cruelty.  He  had 
a  forefather  who  was  a  general  in  the  Revolution.  He  has  a  sister  who  is  feeble- 
minded, has  no  children  of  her  own,  but  adopted  the  youngest  child  of  her  brother. 
His  wife  is  feeble-minded.  There  is  insanity,  feeble-mindedness  and  tuberculosis 
running  all  the  way  through  the  family.  One  of  D's  parents  or  his  wife's  parents 
was  one  of  seven  children  and  the  other  parent  was  one  of  twenty-eight  children. 
D's  mother  died  at  the  age  of  51  of  uterine  carcinoma.  She  was  married  twice. 
She  had  to  leave  her  first  husband  because  of  cruelty;  she  had  seven  children  by 
her  first  husband,  none  by  her  second.  She  was  completely  insane  for  three  years. 
One  of  her  sisters,  age  70,  was  married  once  and  divorced. 

D  has  three  brothers,  one  age  51,  chronic  alcoholic,  was  married  twice,  his 
first  wife  divorced  him  for  non-support;  they  had  two  children;  he  remarried  and 
had  three  children  by  his  second  wife.  He  had  another  brother,  who  died  at  age  18 
of  empyema,  chronic  alcoholic.  The  other  brother  died  age  12.  He  has  one  sister, 
age  45,  married,  has  ten  children.  He  has  another  sister,  age  42,  married  twice, 
divorced  her  first  husband.  He  has  another  sister,  age  43,  married  twice,  divorced 
from  her  first  husband. 

Personal  History:  D  began  school  age  12  but  did  not  attend  very  long. 
he  never  got  out  of  the  first  grade.  He  has  a  tendency  to  stutter  when  excited. 
He  has  been  a  cook  in  a  small  way  and  a  dishwasher.  He  has  worked  very  irregu- 
larly, has  been  married  twice;  his  first  wife  divorced  him  on  the  grounds  of  deser- 
tion. She  was  pregnant  by  another  man.  He  remarried  after  two  years.  They 
had  six  children,  kept  five  and  gave  one  away.  His  children  rate  as  follows: 
Daughter,  age  17,  was  backward  in  school  and  could  not  make  any  headway.  Teach- 
ers say  she  needed  constant  watching  because  of  her  attentions  to  boys.  She  is 
now  in  feeble-minded  institution.  Another  daughter,  age  18,  is  a  high  grade  moron. 
She  has  been  promiscuously  immoral  and  is  now  in  feeble-minded  institution.  She 
kept  house  for  her  father  after  the  death  of  his  second  wife  and  he  lived  in  intimacy 
with  her,  was  discovered  and  tried  for  it.  One  daughter,  age  13.  is  a  high  grade 
moron,  has  been  present  when  her  father  had  immoral  relations  with  her  eldest 
sister.    She  is  now  in  feeble-minded  institution.     One  daughter,  age  7,  in  first  grade 

—  387  — 


ill  siliuol,  lias  siicccli  defect,  jaltbtrs  instead  of  talks,  is  quite  feeble-minded.  One 
hoy,  age  10,  is  in  fourtli  pradc  in  school,  is  tongue-tied,  practices  masturbation. 

The  records  on  the  oldest  daughter  show  that  before  her  mother  died,  when 
she  was  about  age  15,  she  had  improper  relations  with  a  boy  age  17;  she  was  in 
third  or  fourth  grade  and  found  her  studies  difficult.  She  says  her  father  knew  of 
these  relations  and  encouraged  them,  and  invited  the  boy  to  their  house  for  such 
purposes.  Her  next  eldest  sister  was  also  aware  of  it;  she  also  stayed  with  the 
Inisband  of  her  mother's  sister,  a  man  between  20  and  30  years  of  age,  who  had 
forced  iicr  to  submit  to  him.  She  said  her  aunt  had  planned  it  that  she  was  to 
come  there  and  submit  to  this  man.  The  records  further  show  that  a  few  days 
ago  she  had  improper  relations,  once  in  the  morning  and  once  again  in  the  afternoon, 
with  a  boy  age  15  years.  She  says  her  father  had  previously  talked  to  this  boy  and 
urged  him  to  hold  improper  relations  with  her.  That  same  evening  her  father 
attempted  to  attack  her,  but  desisted.  He  has  been  intimate  with  her  ever  since 
her  mother's  death.  She  said  her  father  told  her  not  to  tell  any  one,  as  he  would 
be  sent  up  for  twenty  years  and  she  would  be  sent  to  a  reform  school.  He  said 
that  she  must  receive  men,  as  he  needed  the  money,  and  that  he  would  fit  up  a  bed- 
room for  that  purpose  in  the  house. 

The  second  youngest  girl  is  now  living  with  a  half-sister  to  D's  wife.  She 
was  illegitimate  and  was  intimate  with  D  right  along.  She  was  a  prostitute  and 
pervert.  D's  wife  was  raped  by  her  brother  when  she  was  age  15  and  he  was  age  17, 
and  he  was  intimate  with  her  right  along  afterwards.  D's  brother  married  his 
wife's  half-sister,  who  was  illegitimate.  She  later  divorced  D's  brother.  He  is  in 
Chicago  and  remarried,  is  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  he  and  his  wife  are  quite  dis- 
reputable. She  has  been  intimate  with  D  right  along.  D  still  masturbates.  D's 
brother  has  three  children.  D's  second  wife  had  her  sister  submit  to  several  men 
when  she  was  age  17,  and  she  became  pregnant.  She  later  married  and  is  the  mother 
of  three  children.  D  subsequently  became  involved  with  his  8-year-old  girl  through 
incestuous  conduct,  and  she  and  the  other  child  had  to  be  removed  by  the  court. 

At  the  time  of  D's  first  arrest  for  incest  with  his  eldest  daughter  he  was 
found  feeble-minded.  We  examined  him  in  1915  and  again  in  1917.  The  first  time  he 
tested  twelve  and  one-fifth  years  and  the  second  time  twelve  years  mentally.  In 
addition  to  that,  he  shows  evidences  of  a  moderate  degree  of  dementia  prsecox  kata- 
tonia,  with  intermittent,  fleeting  paranoid  delusions  of  persecution  such  as  the 
feeble-minded  praecox  with  his  level  of  intelligence  acquire,  and  he  also  shows  a 
light  degree  of  chronic  alcoholic  abuse.  He  works  by  spells  with  katatonic  pressure 
on  inventions.  One  of  his  inventions  was  to  furnish  motor  power  to  factories 
by  rigging  up  several  wheels  of  cannons  placed  eccentrically  on  a  shaft  that  would 
be  automatically  loaded  and  fired,  and  the  recoil  was  to  furnish  the  motive  power. 
Another  invention  was  a  boilerless  engine.  Another  invention  was  a  steam  turbine 
engine.  He  has  been  working  at  a  very  menial  occupation  on  a  small  salary  and 
what  little  he  saved  was  preyed  upon  by  the  most  obvious  stock  and  other 
swindlers. 

CASE,  H.  WI.,  age  5' j,  tests  7.4  years  on  intelligence  scale.  He  is  a  case 
of  dementia  pra?cox,  hyperbulic  type,  moral  defect;  was  legally  adopted;  his  mother 
had  been  deserted  by  her  husband  and  the  case  is  an  illegitimate  child  by  another 
man.  His  case  was  written  up  prominently  in  the  papers  and  there  was  a  regular 
competition  of  people  seeking  to  adopt  him;  he  was  finally  adopted  into  a  most 
admirable  home;  his  foster  parents,  after  giving  him  every  trial,  finally  returned 
him  to  the  court  as  impossible.  We  enumerate  a  few  of  the  things  they  complained 
about.  He  frequently  soils  himself  both  by  day  and  night  and  w"ill  not  tolerate  any 
correction  concerning  him;  puts  up  other  children  to  do  dirtv  tricks;  his  language 
and  thoughts  are  impossible;  he  has  a  habit  of  talking  to  himself,  was  overheard 
to  say  the  other  day,  "When  I  get  a  big  boy  I  will  run  away  and  kill  my  mamma." 
He  schemes  to  get  money  from  his  mother,  steals  money  from  the  newspaper  stand ; 
cannot  permit  him  to  be  alone  with  girls  ;  he  doesn't  play  like  other  children,  tries 
to  overhear  the  conversation  of  older  people,  sneaks  up  to  listen;  his  foster  mother 
had  him  first  sleep  with  her  because  he  was  afraid,  but  on  account  of  behavior  she 
could  not  tolerate  his  presence  and  put  him  with  his  foster  father,  but  he  is  so 
restless  that  they  had  to  get  him  a  bed  for  himself:  he  is  a  masturbator ;  he  blows 

—  388  — 


his  nose  in  the  dish  towel ;  spits  on  the  wall  next  to  his  bed ;  rubs  his  fingers  in  it ; 
has  many  other  filthy  habits.  The  first  week  he  was  adopted  he  went  into  the 
chicken  house,  grabbed  one  of  the  chickens  around  the  neck  and  skinned  it.  He 
screams  out  at  night  in  his  sleep,  is  found  upside  down  in  bed ;  always  eating 
(Naescherei),  crazy  for  candy;  he  has  to  be  paid  for  every  day  he  is  good;  when 
children  are  around  he  lies  on  the  floor  instead  of  playing  with  them  ;  looks  up 
dresses  of  the  girls,  etc. 

CASE,  P.  LE.,  age  48. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  76,  lives  with  one  of  his  daughters  by  whom 
he  has  had  a  child;  he  also  had  a  son  to  his  oldest  daughter;  his  wife  died  ten 
years  ago,  and  he  is  now  living  in  intimacy  with  his  daughter ;  he  was  also  intimate 
with  his  son's  wife  ;  this  finally  led  to  a  fracas  and  he  killed  her.  They  were  both 
sentenced  to  the  penitentiary  for  life;  her  husband  was  finally  released  after  two 
3'ears  on  account  of  the  unusual  circumstances,  and  his  father  after  eleven  years, 
having  taken  up  the  habit  of  religious  cult,  was  paroled.  He  has  been  out  two 
years  now  and  he  was  re-arrested  on  account  of  his  illicit  relations  with  his  daughter 
and  being  the  father  of  the  child.  He  was  a  chronic  alcoholic;  his  mother  died 
of  tuberculosis,  sick  nearly  a  year.  He  has  one  brother,  age  50,  married,  has  had 
six  children,  is  a  chronic  alcoholic;  is  quick-tempered,  quarrelsome,  and  fights  on 
the  least  provocation.  He  has  been  arrested.  He  has  one  sister,  age  22,  who  had 
to  be  sent  to  an  industrial  school ;  reached  fourth  grade  there  at  age  19 ;  she  has 
been  arrested  several  times  :  she  ran  around  and  had  intimate  relations  with  boys 
and  had  venereal  disease  when  committed  to  the  industrial  reform  school;  she  is 
living  in  intimacy  with  her  father  now  and  has  borne  him  a  girl  baby.  He  has 
another  sister  age  23,  mother  of  seven  children ;  she  is  quick-tempered  and  her 
children  are  all  diseased  or  crippled.  He  has  another  sister  age  30,  married,  has 
four  children ;  quick-tempered  and  quarrelsome,  chronic  alcoholic. 

Personal  History:  Age  48,  works  as  rook  in  poor  restaurant,  is  extremely 
nervous,  suspicious  and  jealous.  He  was  a  Salvation  Army  worker  and  exhorter. 
He  has  been  married  twice;  his  first  wife  was  shot  and  killed  by  his  father,  who 
was  also  intimate  with  her;  he  was  very  jealous  of  her  and  in  a  fracas  his  father 
shot  and  killed  her;  he  and  his  wife  had'  been  separated  many  times;  there  was  one 
child  by  this  marriage,  a  girl.  He  then  married  again,  a  crippled  woman  (who  was 
supposed  to  be  intimate  with  her  brother,  who  later  suicided)  with  whom  he  had 
two  children ;  he  deserted  her  several  times  and  once  she  left  him  when  she  discov- 
ered that  he  was  intimate  with  his  daughter  by  his  first  wife.  He  finally  deserted 
her  for  good  and  went  to  live  wnth  his  daughter  as  man  and  \yife.  For  a  time  he 
lived  in  intimacy  with  both  his  daughter  and  another  woman  in  one  flat.  He  has 
been  a  chronic  alcoholic  and  excessive  cigarette  smoker,  consuming  as  much  as 
three  or  four  packages  a  day.  He  has  been  arrested  several  times  ;  he  is  very 
abusive,  kicks  and  beats  his  daughter,  and  at  present  she  has  a  black  eye.  He 
always  contends  that  his  brother  w-as  her  father.  His  wife,  who  was  shot,  was  a 
chronic  alcoholic;  was  always  intimate  with  other  men,  and  for  a  time_  pandered 
for  her  husband.  She  was  intimate  with  her  husband's  boss,  with  his  cognizance,  for 
a  period  of  seven  years.  She  also  worked  at  times  as  a  cook;  she  was  excitable,  had 
attacks  of  angoisse.  was  very  nervous.  During  the  fracas  when  she  was  shot  her 
husband  stabbed  her  in  the  side,  and  she  did  the  same  to  him  ;  he  still  has  the  scar. 
His  daughter  by  his  first  wife,  w^ith  whom  he  has  been  living  in  intimacy,  has  spent 
considerable  time  in  a  reform  school ;  when  eight  years  old  she  was  intirnate  with  a 
man;  she  has  carried  on  promiscuous  intercourse  before  and  after  leaving  reform 
school.  Her  father  sent  her  out  soliciting  for  a  time,  but  he  has  become  so  jealous 
of  her  lately  that  lie  will  not  leave  her  out  of  his  sight;  he  is  insanely  jealous  of 
her.  As  a  child  her  father's  iM'othcr  would  strip  her  and  beat  her.  .\s  a  result  of 
his  relations  with  his  daughter,  he  was  held  to  the  Criminal  Court,  where  he  was 
tried,  found  guilty  and  sent  to  the  penitentiary.  He  is  a  low  grade  sociopath  plus 
dementia  prtecox  hebephrenia  plus  light  degree  chronic  alcoholism.  The  daughter 
was  a  low  grade  sociopath  plus  light  grade  dementia  prsecox  hebephrenia  plus 
pseudologia  phantastica ;  she  suffers  from  liysteriform  seizures,  especially  about  tiie 
menstrual  periods. 


—  389 


CASES  FROM  OUTSIDE  COURTS 

CASE,  J.  AL.,  am'  -7,  male,  single,  liigli  grade  socio])ath  plus  dementia 
l)r;i'Ctix  kalatiiiiia. 

Family  History:  l'"allu-r,  Aiiu'rican,  age  74.  liraclically  initcratc,  always 
a  laborer,  iiuw  an  inmate  of  state  insane  asylum,  always  a  chronic  alcoholic,  abusive, 
insulting  and  cruel  to  his  family,  has  always  been  a  peculiar  man.  His  wife  found 
it  necessary  to  apply  several  times  for  warrants  for  him  and  also  to  appeal  to  the 
Domestic  Relations  Court  for  help.  Once  he  was  arrested  with  his  son,  charged 
with  larceny,  son  (our  case)  was  sent  to  the  House  of  Correction  for  a  year.  He 
was  also  abusive  to  animals,  would  curry  the  horses  until  they  would  bleed,  would 
tie  knots  in  whips  and  beat  the  horses.  Would  take  straw  out  of  barrels  in  which 
dishes  were  packed,  wet  it  and  feed  it  to  the  horses,  and  spend  money  he  had  for 
feed  on  drink.  At  one  time  he  so  brutally  injured  a  horse  with  a  pick  handle  they 
had  to  send  for  the  police  to  come  and  shoot  the  animal.  Was  arrested  on  another 
occasion  for  abusing  horses.  He  has  deliberately  set  the  house  on  fire  twice.  He 
has  never  supported  his  wife  and  she  had  to  help  support  herself  by  selling  news- 
papers, taking  roomers,  etc.  He  was  a  ravenous,  hoggish  eater,  very  destructive, 
incorrigible  liar,  very  dirty  and  filthy  about  his  person,  would  go  six  months  with- 
out taking  off  his  shirt.  Will  ramble  around  the  streets  and  get  lost.  Worked  very 
irregularly;  wife  had  to  hunt  up  jobs  for  him  which  he  could  not  be  depended 
upon  to  take.  Has  been  queer  for  a  great  many  years.  Was  destructive,  nervous, 
(pnck-tcmpcrcd,  quarrelsome,  a  troublemaker,  and  has  delusions  of  infidelity.  Sex- 
ually excessive.  He  has  paranoid  trends.  Was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War,  during 
which  he  suflfered  a  sun  stroke,  and  is  still  afifected  by  the  heat.  His  father  and  a 
brother  were  killed  in  the  Civil  War.  He  has  one  sister,  age  60,  very  nervous  and 
asthmatic.  Her  husband  suicided.  Mother,  a.ge  53,  born  in  United  States,  high 
grade  moron  plus  dementia  prsecox  hebephrenia  plus  presenile  dementia,  married 
twenty-eight  years,  very  nervous.  Her  father  was  a  Civil  War  veteran  and  later 
on  killed  in  an  accident.  Her  mother  was  married  twice,  first  husband  died  and 
the  second  husband  killed  her.  shot  her  twice  and  cut  her  throat,  for  w-hich  he  was 
executed.  Mother  has  two  sisters  living  and  one  dead ;  one  sister,  age  Zl ,  single, 
church  missionary  in  China ;  another  sister,  age  52,  twin,  married  and  has  six  chil- 
dren ;  another  sister  died  of  cancer  of  the  stomach ;  twin,  married  twice,  first  hus- 
band, bartender,  died  of  tuberculosis  and  chronic  alcoholism ;  second  husband,  a 
soldier  in  the  army,  wdio  died  after  three  years'  sickness.  She  used  to  work  while 
she  was  married  as  a  janitress. 

Case  has  one  sister  living,  age  20.  attended  school  age  6  to  14,  reached  fourth 
grade;  she  had  an  illegitimate -child  who  is  now  5  years  old;  she  was  arrested 
with  her  paramour  for  living  together  as  man  and  wife,  at  which  time  they  got 
married,  and  has  had  another  child  since  they  have  been  married.  She  worked 
very  irregularly,  is  of  a  resistant,  stubborn,  high-tempered,  quarrelsome  nature. 
Her  husband  has  deserted  her  and  has  served  time  in  Pontiac.  He  again  deserted 
her  and  joined  the  armj'.  He  has  one  sister,  died,  age  20,  she  committed  suicide 
by  taking  poison.  She  attended  school  age  6  to  16,  reached  fifth  grade ;  was  not 
bright.  She  had  an  illegitimate  child  at  age  16,  and  about  a  year  later  she  had  the 
father  of  the  child  arrested  and  he  was  forced  to  marry  her;  the  child  is  now^  age  6 
and  incorrigible.  The  husband  is  a  worthless  fellow  with  a  prison  record.  He 
deserted  her  and  the  child  a  couple  of  times.  He  was  dissolute  and  gave  her 
syphilis  about  a  year  before  she  suicided.  She  was  very  much  like  her  father, 
high-tempered,  quarrelsome,  troublemaker,  and  very  nervous.  She  attacked  her 
sister  once  with  a  butcher  knife,  was  of  an  extremely  jealous  nature. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  age  6  to  17,  reached  scvontli 
grade,  played  truancy  a  great  deal.  He  used  to  seirpapers  and  was  also  a  peddler 
and  worked  in  a  factory.  He  has  Juvenile  Court  record.  Subsequently  to  this  he 
was  arrested  for  larceny,  served  a  year  in  the  House  of  Correction,  out  two  or 
three  months,  committed  larceny  against  the  same  people,  was  re-arrested,  con- 
victed and  sentenced  for  a  year,  and  released  after  several  months.  Shortly  after- 
wards re-arrested  for  larceny  against  the  same  people  and  sentenced  for  fifteen 
montlis.  ^Vhile  he  was  in  the  House  of  Correction  another  warrant  was  sworn  out 
for  hun,  when  he  was  released  he  was  arrested  at  the  door  of  the  House  of  Cor- 

—  390  — 


rection,  held  to  the  Criminal  Court  from  the  Municipal  Court,  got  bond  while  in 
jail,  jumped  his  bond.  Now  arrested  and  convicted  of  murder.  When  age  17  he 
had  a  fight  with  a  neighbor  and  shot  and  killed  him,  was  released  on  grounds  of 
self-defense. 

CASE,  F,  RO.,  age  27,  female,  single;  high  grade  imbecile  plus  dementia 
praecox  hebephrenia.  Some  of  her  tests  are  illustrated  with  those  of  the  outside 
courts. 

Family  History:  Father,  age  62,  in  home  for  dependents  past  two  years, 
he  was  a  laborer,  chronic  alcoholic ;  he  ran  away  from  home  at  age  14  and  never 
got  in  touch  with  his  people  again.  He  had  nine  sisters  and  brothers.  Mother  of 
case  died  at  age  49  of  apoplexy;  she  had  licr  first  stroke  six  months  previously; 
she  was  the  mother  of  six  children,  w'orked  in  a  factory  before  her  marriage.  She 
had  one  brother,  single,  died  at  age  40  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis ;  he  was  a  chronic 
alcoholic.  She  has  one  brother  living,  age  35,  married,  separated  from  family, 
chronic  alcoholic.  She  has  another  brother,  age  50,  married,  separated  from  fam- 
ily; he  is  a  "hobo"  and  chronic  alcoholic.  Case  has  three  brothers  dead,  two  as 
infants,  one  at  the  age  of  26,  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis;  he  attended  school  from 
age  6  to  14  and  reached  sixth  grade;  he  was  a  teamster,  but  idle  much  of  the  time; 
had  a  very  bad  temper,  was  chronic  alcoholic  and  had  been  arrested.  Case  has  one 
sister  dead  at  age  1^^  years  of  convulsions,  and  one  living,  age  30,  who  attended 
school  from  age  7  to  14,  and  reached  the  sixth  grade ;  she  worked  in  a  factory 
until  married,  and  has  two  children;  she  is  very  nervous,  her  husband  is  an  al- 
coholic. 

Personal  History:  The  ca?e  herself  is  age  27;  it  was  inip..'.>ibK-  f':)r  her 
to  learn  in  school,  has  never  been  able  to  hold  a  job,  has  w'orked  occasionally  for  a 
woman,  who  gave  her  $1.20  a  week.     She  is  very  nervous  and  high-tempered. 

CASE,  M.  BE.,  age  22,  female,  single;  low  grade  moron  plus  predementia 
jinecox.    Some  of  her  tests  are  illustrated  with  those  of  the  outside  courts. 

Family  History:  Father  died  age  52  of  pulmonarj-  tuberculosis;  was  born 
in  Poland,  in  America  thirty-two  years ;  could  neither  speak  nor  understand  Eng- 
lish;  he  had  a  high  temper,  w^as  a  chronic  alcoholic,  beat  and  abused  his  wife. 
Mother  of  case,  age  Zl ,  born  in  Poland,  in  United  States  twenty-two  years,  speaks 
and  understands  some  English ;  she  has  had  five  children,  is  somewhat  alcoholic 
and  nervous ;  works  at  times  in  a  tobacco  factory. 

Case  has  two  brothers  living,  one  age  32,  married,  has  three  children ;  he  can- 
not support  his  family,  his  wife  has  had  to  have  him  arrested  twice,  he  is  a  chronic 
alcoholic.  Another  brother,  age  22,  single,  has  pulmonary  tuberculosis,  is  extremely 
nervous,  chronic  alcoholic.  Case  has  three  sisters,  one  age  32,  married,  has  four 
children ;  she  is  very  nervous  ;  her  husband  is  a  teamster  and  is  a  chronic  alco- 
holic, divorced.  Another  sister,  age  25,  married,  husband  is  a  teamster,  she  is  very 
quarrelsome  and  cannot  get  along  with  him ;  they  are  divorced.  One  sister,  age  26, 
married,  divorced.     One  sister  died,  was  blind  from  birth. 

Personal  History:  Ca'-e,  born  in  Chicago,  attended  schim]  age  6  to  15  and 
reached  second  grade,  worked  in  a  factor}-;  had  illegitimate  child  at  age  16,  settled 
the  case  for  $25,  sued  man  in  bastardy  court,  did  not  know  his  surname.  She  has 
been  living  in  immoral  house,  she  was  taken  to  a  barn  and  immorally  used  by  twelve 
thugs,  she  complained  that  they  did  not  give  her  any  money;  she  is  alcoholic. 

CASE,  H.  AR.,  age  28,  male,  single:  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia 
precox  hebephrenia  plus  light  degree  chronic  alcoholism. 

Fa.mily  History:  Father,  age  62,  French,  in  United  States  7u  years,  he 
is  a  porter,  alcoholic,  high-tempered,  easily  excited,  wife  divorced  him.  Mother 
died  age  58  of  aneurism,  divorced  her  husband  and  went  out  scrubbing  as  a  means 
of  livelihood  afterwards ;  she  was  the  mother  of  six  children. 

Case  has  one  sister,  age  32,  who  attended  school  from  age  6  to  14,  and  reached 
sixth  grade,  she  left  her  husband  and  now  works  as  a  cook  in  a  saloon.  Another 
sister,  age  27,  has  been  married  twice,  divorced  from  first  husband. 

Personal  History:  Case  attended  school  from  age  6  to  14,  got  to  the 
fourth  grade,  he  has  always  been  a  trouble  to  the  family,  he  is  a  chronic  alcoholic 
of  light  degree,  very  quarrelsome,  especially  when   drunk;  played  truant  a  great 

—  391  — 


(leal,  was  ill  llic  Jiivciiilc  Court  twice,  has  had  numerous  conflicts  with  the  police, 
and'his  iu-ad  hears  the  scars  resulting  from  many  of  his  conflicts. 

CASE,  B.  FR.,  age  21,  male,  single;  middle  grade  moron  plus  dementia 
pra-cox  heh'eplirenia  plus  light  degree  chronic  alcoholism. 

Family  History:  Fatlier  died  age  28,  kept  a  saloon,  he  was  five  feet  ten 
inches  tall,  weighed  280  pounds,  chronic  alcoholic.  Father  has  one  brother  age  40, 
married,  teamster,  chronic  alcoiiolic,  has  three  children  age  3,  5  and  10  years  re- 
spectively, the  eldest  is  backward  in  school.  Mother  of  case  is  age  42,  attended 
school  6  to  14,  reached  sixth  grade,  illiterate,  w^orks  in  a  factory,  she  is  a  moderate 
drinker,  married  twice,  lier  first  husband,  father  of  case,  died;  second  husband  died 
eight  years  ago  in  the  County  Hospital,  he  was  a  chronic  alcoholic;  she  had  four 
children  by  her  first  husband  and  one  by  her  second.  Case  has  one  brother,  age  19, 
attended  scliool  from  age  6  to  14,  reached  third  grade,  he  was  a  truant,  has  been  at 
John  Wortliy  School.  Case  has  one  sister,  age  23,  attended  school  age  6  to  14, 
reached  sixth  grade,  she  is  single. 

CASE,  M.  ED.,  age  38,  male,  whose  visual  memories  have  been  illustrated. 

Family  History:  Father  was  an  attorney,  chronic  alcoholic,  separated  from 
wife,  very  nervous,  arrested  once,  charged  with  murder,  his  insanity  became  quite 
outspoken  and  he  finally  suicided.  M's  mother  is  age  70  and  a  devotee  of  a  religious 
cult.  She  has  one  brother,  who  is  a  chronic  alcoholic.  M  has  one  brother  age  26, 
single,  who  has  been  arrested  for  stealing.  He  has  two  sisters,  one  age  32,  married, 
very  nervous ;  another,  age  28,  single,  who  is  an  actress. 

Personal  History:  M.  is  age  38,  graduated  from  eighth  grade  age  14,  and 
has  been  a  newspaper  writer.  He  was  peculiar  from  his  earliest  childhood,  he  has 
been  a  cocainist  and  morphinist  for  years,  never  married,  contracted  lues  two  years 
ago.  The  following  is  a  brief  summary  of  his  record  as  far  as  we  can  ascertain  it, 
beginning  with  the  15th  year  of  age.  It  illustrates  the  necessity  for  farm  colonies 
which  will  take  care  of  such  individuals  at  the  very  outset,  and  secure  permanent 
custodial  care,  thus  anticipating  such  bungled  careers: 

1894,  April  29  (as  J.  Let.  at  Chicago) — Burglary,  own  recognizance. 

1894,  November  27  (as  J.  Let.  at  Chicago) — Burglary,  Fontiac,  paroled  Octo- 
ber 7,  1899. 

1899,  December  5   (as  Frank  M.  at  Chicago) — Larceny,  own  recognizance. 

1900,  March  22  (as  T.  Mur.  at  Chicago) — Burglary,  Chester  Insane  Asylum. 

1901,  May  19  (as  John  Mur.  at  Chicago) — Burglary,  committed  to  Fontiac  Re- 
formator}',  later  transferred  to  Chester  Insane  Asylum. 

, (as  Edward  M.  at  Chicago) — Disorderly  conduct,  fined  $175 

and  costs. 

1901,  December  7  (as  J.  Let.  at  Chicago) — Burglary,  committed  to  Chester  In- 
sane Asylum. 

1902,  November  30  (as  J.  Let.  at  Chicago) — Larceny,  committed  to  County  Jail 
for  six  months. 

1903,  September  18  (as  J.  Lem.  at  Chicago) — Larceny,  committed  to  the  House 
of  Correction  for  one  year,  and  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  $1.00  and  serve  one  year 
to  begin  at  the  expiration  of  first  term. 

1905,  September  4  (as  Harry  B.  at  Kansas  City) — Larceny,  picking  pockets, 
committed  to  Missouri  State  Penitentiary  for  three  years. 

1909,  March  2  (as  Edw^ard  Wil.  at  Port  Washington,  Wis.) — Larceny,  picking 
pockets,  committed  to  Wisconsin  Penitentiary,  Waupun,  for  three  years.  No.  10545. 

1908,  May  21  (as  J.  Let.  at  Louisville,  Ky.)— Picking  pockets,  no  disposition. 

1908,  September  18  (as  J.  Let.  at  Milwaukee)— Larceny  and  picking  pockets, 
no  disposition. 

1908,  May  25— Escaped  from  Port  Washington  (Wis.)  jail  while  awaiting  trial. 

1913,  January  27  (as  B.  O.  Spa.  at  Memphis,  Tenn.)— Larceny,  picking  pockets, 
committed  to  Nashville  (Tenn.)   Penitentiary  for  two  years. 

1915,  December  30  (as  Edward  Hac.  at  Rockford,  111.)— Larceny,  picking  pock- 
ets, no  disposition. 

1916.  July  5  (as  W.  N.  Ba.  at  Toronto)— Picking  pockets,  committed  to  the 
Ontario  Reformatory,  Guelph,  for  six  months  and  indefinitely,  the  term  not  to  ex- 
ceed two  years  less  one  day,  and  to  be  deported  at  the  expiration  of  this  term. 

—  392  — 


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